Efficacy and economics of different insecticides and bio-rational against Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) in Soybean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Motaphale ◽  
B. B. Bhosle ◽  
D. M. Bawaskar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Gross Income

The efficacy and economics of different IGR’s, insecticides and bio-rational against Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) in soybean, revealed that at three days after first and second sprays the rynaxypyr (64.52%) and emamectin benzoate (58.84% reduction) respectively proved to be the most effective. At seven days more percent reduction in larval population found in chlorpyriphos (53.76 %) and quinalphos (58.59%) where as at 14 days the diflubenzuron (59.72%) and quinalphos (53.42%) found to be the more effective after first and second sprays respectively. Significantly higher seed yield was recorded in rynaxypyr 20 SC followed by spinosad 45SC. The highest gross income and net profit was recorded in rynaxypyr 20 SC.

Effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil on Spodoptera litura might be mediated by OBPs and CSPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractSpodoptera litura is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that can develop resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides, making it difficult to control. Insecticide exposure has previously been linked with induction of specific olfactory-related proteins, including some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OPBs), which may disrupt detection of environmental factors and reduce fitness. However, functional evidence supporting insecticide and OBPs/CSPs mediation remains unknown. Here we fed male S. litura moths with sucrose water containing one of three insecticides, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate or fipronil, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNAi to investigate OBPs and CSPs expression and their correlations with survival. Chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate increased expression of 78% of OBPs, plus 63 and 56% of CSP genes, respectively, indicating a major impact on these gene families. RNAi knockdown of SlituCSP18, followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos or fipronil, decreased survival rates of male moths significantly compared with controls. Survival rate also decreased significantly with the downregulation of SlituOBP9 followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos. Thus, although these three insecticides had different effects on OBP and CSP gene expression, we hypothesize that SlituOBPs and SlituCSPs might mediate their effects by increasing their expression levels to improve survival. Moreover, the differential response of S. litura male moths to the three insecticides indicated the potential specificity of chlorpyrifos affect SlituCSP18 and SlituOBP9 expression.

B. ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA UMKM (Study Kasus Pada Usaha Tempe Murni Ita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Agus Jonikar Ndraha ◽  
Avan Joko Prasetyawan ◽  
Ida Kurnia Wati ◽  
Ilmia Cahyasari ◽  
Nafa Alya Shintya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Gross Income

Abstrak Tahun demi tahun, persaingan bisnis tempe di wilayah Surabaya kian ketat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah studi untuk mengkaji kelayakan bisnis tersebut. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah Sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui semua biaya produksi, pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih usaha tempe serta kelayakan usaha tempe di Surabaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah Sukomanunggal dengan menggunakan metode surve. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Rata-rata biaya total sebesar Rp 2.144.590 yang dihasilkan dari penjumlahan biaya tetap rata-rata sebesar Rp 160.590 dengan biaya variabel rata-rata sebesar Rp 1.984.000. Laba bersih rata-rata sekitar Rp 955.410 dari pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp 3.100.000 dikurangi dengan semua pengeluaran Rp 2.144.590. Analisis kewajaran usaha adalah dengan menyusun pendapatan dan pengeluaran secara keseluruhan. Rata-rata semua pendapatan Rp 3.100.000 dan semua pengeluaran rata-rata sebesar Rp 2.144.590. Dengan rasio 1,45 usaha tempe murni ITA layak untuk dijalankan.  Kata Kunci : Biaya produksi, Pendapatan kotor, Pendapatan bersih, Kelayakan usaha   Abstract From year to year, Tempe business competition in the Surabaya area is getting tougher. Therefore a study is needed to study the feasibility of the business. The purpose of this paper is as a reference to find out all the production costs, gross income, and net income of tempe businesses and the feasibility of tempe businesses in Surabaya. The study was carried out in the Sukomanunggal area using a survey method. The results showed that: The average total cost of Rp 2,144,590 resulted from the sum of the average fixed costs of Rp 160,590 with an average variable cost of Rp 1,984,000. Net profit averaged around Rp. 955,410 from an average income of Rp. 3,100,000 minus all expenses of Rp. 2,144,590. The reasonableness of business analysis is to compile overall income and expenditure. The average income of all Rp 3,100,000 and all expenses averaged Rp 2,144,590. With a ratio of 1.45, pure ITA tempe business is feasible to run.  Keywords : Production costs, Gross income, Net income, Business feasibility

Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Trunk Injection Against the Asian Long-Horned Beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Wang ◽  
Shao-Chen Che ◽  
Lan-Fen Qiu ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Jin-Li Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Fall Application

Abstract The efficacy of tree injected with emamectin benzoate (EB) against the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) was tested in a heavily infested willow forest in Beijing, China. In a 1.7-ha plot, 240 out of 310 trees were treated with two EB formulations at various rates. After fall application, the larval population decreased by 89% in the following spring and by >99% during the second year detected by monitoring new frass emission from marked holes. Consequently, the number of exit holes of emerging adults decreased to 0 in the second year. Re-infestation occurred in the third year after application. This high efficacy and lasting activity might be contributed to: a) a favorable translocation of EB in trees when injected into the sapwood; b) the high intrinsic activity against ALB larvae with LC50 of 20–30 ppb; and c) a reduced lifespan of ALB adults by over 60% when feeding on twigs of EB-treated trees. On untreated control trees, the larval population decreased during the first winter. In the second year after application, the larval population was wiped out during winter and a re-infestation started from border trees by adults flying in from outside the trial plot. This pattern indicates an eradication of the ALB population in the 1.7-ha plot can be expected 2 yr after EB treatment. The benefit of treating with EB on the surrounding population was observed in both the untreated trees and imidacloprid-treated trees, suggesting that treatment of EB benefits both the treated trees and the surrounding trees in the area.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Commercial Insecticides against Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Palpa, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2388-2396
Author(s):  
Anil Bastola ◽  
Subodh Raj Pandey ◽  
Anjali Khadka ◽  
Rajendra Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner ◽  
And Control

A survey and field experiment were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial insecticides against tomato leaf miner [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] under farmer’s field condition in Palpa, Nepal from February 2018 to April 2018. It consists of seven treatments replicated three times. The treatments included: Abamectin 0.15% EC (dose: 0.3ml/liter), Imidachloprid 17.8% SL (dose: 0.3ml/liter), Spinosad 45% SC (0.3ml/liter), Azadirachtin 300 ppm (5ml/liter), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (0.3ml/liter), Emamectin benzoate 5% SC (2gm/liter) and control. Treatments were applied two times at 12 days interval. From the farmer survey, Tuta absoluta was identified as the major production problem of the study area. The field experiment revealed that there was a significant effect of insecticides in larval mortality and damage reduction. The lowest percentage of leaves damage was obtained in spinosad followed by chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate and the lowest fruits damage was obtained in chlorantraniliprole followed by spinosad and emamectin benzoate. Similarly, the lowest larval population in both leaves and fruits was observed in chlorantraniliprole followed by spinosad and emamectin benzoate. Average mining in infested leaves and fruits was found non-significant at all days of observation. The rate of larval population reduction over control was found highest in chlorantraniliprole followed by spinosad and emamectin benzoate. Thus, chlorantraniliprole, spinosad and emamectin benzoate were superior insecticides for management of Tuta absoluta in the field condition.

scholarly journals Costs and Returns Structure in Bottle Gourd on the Contract Vis-a-Vis Non-Contract Farms in the Jaipur District of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Business Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm Business

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to studying the costs and returns structure by the contract and non-contract farmers under contract farming of bottle gourd. Primary data were collected for the agricultural year 2015-16. The cost concepts were used. The results of the study revealed that all types of incomes viz., gross income, family labour income, farm business income and net income were higher on the contract farms than on the non-contract farms. The net income per hectare from bottle gourd was 31.69 per cent higher on the contract farms as compared to the non-contract farms. The total costs were higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. The net profit was higher on contract farms than on non-contract farms. Returns per rupee were higher on contract farms (` 1.82) than non-contract farms (`1.69).

scholarly journals Peran Tanaman Aromatik Dalam Menekan Perkembangan Hama Spodoptera litura Pada Tanaman Kubis

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan A Patty
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Plant pests Spodoptera litura is one of the major insect pests that often lowers the cabbage yield. Various control techniques of this pest have been developed, such as the use of botanical pesticides. This study aimed to determine the role of aromatic plants in reducing S. litura population growth and plant damage intensity on cabbage. Experiments used intercropping combinations of cabbage-local basil (‘kemangi’), cabbage-tomato, cabbage-scallion and without aromatic plants as a control. The experimental was arranged in a Randomized Block Design. Parameters measured were larval population, damage intensity and fresh weight of cabbage crops. The results showed that all three cabbage intercropping with the aromatic plants were able to suppress population of S. litura and the resulted damage intensity of cabbage. The treatment of cabbage intercropping with local basil could reduce larval populations of S. litura (to 0.84 larvae) or only 8 larvae per 10 plants and with the lowest crop damage intensity (3.32%) and highest crop weight (486.6 g) per plant.

scholarly journals Influence of weather factors on the abundance and population dynamics of Spodoptera litura F. and Pieris brassicae L. on cabbage

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
MMH Khan ◽  
S Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity

In order to study the influence of weather factors on the abundance and population dynamics of Spodoptera litura F. and Pieris brassicae L. on cabbage, a field experiment was conducted. Larval population of S. litura ranged from 0.56 to 1.57 larvae/plant during 8 January to 12 February 2014 crop season while the highest peak was on 5 February 2014 (1.57 larvae/plant) at 29.5 0C temperature. In case of Pieris brassicae, larval population ranged from 0.58 to1.98 larvae/plant and the highest peak of P. brassicae was also on 5 February. The highest peak was on 5 February 2014 at 96% and 38% relative humidity of both maximum and minimum categories and the highest peak of P. brassicae was on 5 February. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.824 and r = 0.920) between population of Spodoptera litura and temperature (maximum and minimum). On the other hand, there was a negative correlation (r = -0.439) between population of S. litura and maximum relative humidity and a strong negative correlation (r = - 0.716) between population of S. litura and minimum relative humidity. The population of Pieris brassicae was positively correlated (r = 0.899 and r = 0.956) with maximum and minimum temperatures. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.443) between population of P. brassicae and maximum relative humidity and a strong negative correlation (r = - 0.645) between population of P. brassicae and minimum relative humidity.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 13-21 (2017)

scholarly journals Effect of thickening of watermelon sowing on yield and seed quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
V. F. Zavertaliuk ◽  
V. O. Bohdanov ◽  
O. V. Zavertaliuk ◽  
I. I. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Net Profit

Purpose and objectives. To study the effect thickening plantations of watermelon seed plants on seed yield and quality, using different thickening designs in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The main crop was watermelon. Sweet corn and green bean were used as thickeners. The thikeners were placed in watermelon interrows or in rows with the following layouts: 1.4 m x 1.0 m and 2.8 m x 1.0 m (sweet corn) and 1.4 m x 0.5 m, 2.8 m x 0.5 m (green beans). Results and discussion. The highest output of seeds per fruit (21.3 g) was recorded when sweet corn was sown between watermelon rows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (18.4 g in the control). Growing sweet corn in watermelon interrows increased the 1000-seed weight from 52.6 g (control) to 55.5 g. The highest yield of watermelon seeds (187 kg/ha) was obtained in plantations where sweet corn was grown watermelon interrows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (+ 21 kg/ha or 12.7% to the control). The use of green bean as a thickener for watermelon was less effective. The yield increased by 7-15 kg/ha (4.2–9.0%) compared to the control. In addition, 0.8-1.8 t/ha of milky-wax cobs of sweet corn and 47–98 kg/ha of green beans were harvested. Conclusions. The use of thickeners grown between rows of the main crop is the most effective technological technique in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine to increase the yield and improve the quality of watermelon seeds. Our experiments demonstrated that sweet corn was the best thickener, interrow was the best placement, and 2.8 m x 1.0 m was the best layout. This method in watermelon seed production allows increasing the seed yield by 12.7% related to the control (no thickeners) and raising the economic efficiency of seed production due to a gain in the net profit of 14,800 UAH/ha (26.4%) and profitability by 37.9% while maintaining high sowing indicators of seeds

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