Variability for harvest index and biomass in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) varieties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Dixit ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
A. K. Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Vegetative Part ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Lentil is an important cool season food legume of our nation and positions next just to chickpea. Pulses are generally known to produce higher vegetative part and less grain yield, consequently poor harvest index. Lentil is no exception to this, and produces excess vegetative growth and support lesser grains. Therefore, in present investigation attempt has been made to screen 36 lentil varieties for biomass and harvest index in macro-sperma and micro-sperma types. Ample amount of variability were recorded for both harvest index and biomass. 37.78-62.96 per cent and 3.38 g to 40.94 gm range was noticed for harvest index and biomass, respectively. At the end of present investigation, three lentil varieties viz. L 4147, IPL 406 and PL 234 were identified as high biomass and high harvest index varieties. These varieties may be used as an agronomic base in the future lentil improvement programme for evolving high yielding varieties.

scholarly journals Development and Use of Core Subsets of Cool-season Food Legume Germplasm Collections

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 907C-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Simon ◽  
Richard M. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Germplasm Evaluation ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Logarithmic Model ◽  
Adaptation Potential ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Food Legume

Core subsets have been selected for the USDA chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), and pea (Pisum sativum) germplasm collections. These subsets are specifically intended to increase the efficiency of the utilization of the entire collections of these taxa. The cores consist of 13% of the 3873 chickpeas, 12% of the 2390 lentils, and 17.5% of the 2886 pea accessions. They were selected by a proportional logarithmic model, and also contain additional accessions based upon documented concentrations of diversity. Each core has been screened for disease reactions, and results suggest that the cores can effectively direct germplasm users toward portions of the entire collections that contain resistant germplasm. These cores have also been useful for those interested in assessing the adaptation potential of these crops in new environments, because the entire range of adaptation is represented. Although cores may not always enhance access to germplasm with unique or extremely rare characteristics, the legume cores have been very useful for directing users toward desirable germplasm from defined geographic areas, and assisting users at the preliminary stages of germplasm evaluation.

Biomass, shoot uniformity and yield of winter barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. L. NAYLOR ◽  
D. T. STOKES ◽  
S. MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Crop Management Systems

The results of field experiments in 1983/84 and 1984/85 were used to test the hypotheses (i) that cultivars and management systems which result in high biomass of winter barley will also produce high grain yield and (ii) that greater uniformity of tiller and ear size is associated with greater yield. In a set of cultivars, grain yield per plant was significantly correlated with biomass per plant despite no correlation with any individual yield component. Biomass per shoot was significantly correlated with grain yield per shoot. Treatments to increase shoot uniformity (the mass of individual tillers relative to that of the main stem) generally increased biomass per shoot and grain yield per shoot. The re-examination of data in the literature where yield and biomass were available confirmed the association of biomass and grain yield both on a per plant and per shoot basis. It is argued that harvest index is not a character which can be easily targeted for manipulation by growers, whereas crop management systems to increase biomass should be easier to specify.

Changes in mean, variance, and covariation among agronomic traits in successive backcross generations of interspecific matings (Avena sativa L. × A. sterilis L.) of oats

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takeda ◽  
T. B. Bailey ◽  
K. J. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Interspecific Mating ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

F2-derived lines from BC0 through BC5 of eight Avena sativa × A. sterilis matings were evaluated for days to heading, plant height, biomass, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and unit straw weight. The, A. sativa lines were used as the recurrent parents in all backcrosses. The evaluation experiment was conducted in a randomized-block design with two replicates and microplots each sown with 30 seeds. For summary purposes, the means, variances, and genotypic correlations from the four matings with the same recurrent parent were pooled within each level of backcrossing. Regression analyses were used to describe the rates of change for genotypic variances and correlations as number of backcrosses increased. In all matings, the trait means regressed toward the recurrent parents as backcrossing progressed. Harvest index was controlled by additive gene action; earliness was partially dominant and tallness was completely dominant; heterobeltiosis occurred for high vegetative growth rate; straw yield and biomass showed either heterobeltiosis or complete dominance; and high grain yield was partially dominant. Unit straw weight showed a positive heterobeltiosis. Log genotypic variances decreased significantly over backcrosses for days to heading, straw yield, and harvest index, whereas for plant height and unit straw weight, the reductions were not significant. Regressions of genotypic correlations were significant for only 12 of 56 trait associations, and changes that did occur were of little consequence.Key words: backcross, interspecific mating, oats.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽  
Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽  
Renato Schneider Júnior ◽  
Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

Variation in harvest index of modern spring barley, oat and wheat cultivars adapted to northern growing conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
S. MUURINEN ◽  
A. RAJALA ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

SUMMARYIncreased harvest index (HI) has been one of the principal factors contributing to genetic yield improvements in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Although high HI demonstrates high-yielding ability when cultivars are compared, it can also indicate challenges to yield formation when comparisons are made across differing growing conditions. The present study was designed to investigate variation in HI among modern cereal cultivars relative to that brought about by a northern environment, to assess whether HI still explains the majority of the differences in grain yield when only modern cereal cultivars are compared, and to monitor key traits contributing to HI. Stability of HI was also investigated with reference to the role of tillers. Twelve experiments (3 years, two locations, two nitrogen fertilizer regimes) were carried out in southern Finland to evaluate 12 two-row spring barley, 10 six-row barley, 10 oat and 11 wheat cultivars. In addition to HI, days to heading and maturity, length of grain filling period, grain yield, test weight and 13 traits characterizing plant stand structure were measured and analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect traits associated with HI and those contributing to stability of HI. Although only modern cereals were studied, differences among cultivars were significant both in mean HI and stability of HI, and HI was associated with short plant stature in all modern cereal species. Also, single grain weight was associated with HI in all species. Differences between, but not within, species in HI were partly attributable to differences in tiller performance. Grain yield was associated closely with HI except in two-row barley. It may be possible to further increase HI of wheat, as it still was relatively low. High HI did, however, not indicate the degree of success in yield determination when environments are compared.

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