Effects of planting density on pod development and yield of peanuts under the pattern of precision planted peanuts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxing Zhao ◽  
Changliang Shao ◽  
Zhenling Yang ◽  
Yuefu Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Growth Characters

Understanding the effects of different sowing patterns and densities on plant growth characters and yield of peanut is essential for the design and adjustment of management practices that allow improvement and stabilization of peanut production. In the present study, Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Luhua 11 was used to determine the effects of planting density on pod development and yield of peanuts under the mode of single seeded precision sowing through field experiments. The results showed that an appropriate precision sowing density of 195,000-225,000 per hectare leads to an optimal pod number to produce pods, with dry matter accumulation resulting in significantly increased pod yield and harvest index(HI). When the same area sowing seed number of 255,000 per hectare, the kernel yield, pod yield, and HI per plant of the single seeded precision sowing method were higher than those of the double seeded precision sowing method.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

The Effect of Three Digging Dates on Oil Quality, Yield, and Grade of Five Peanut Genotypes Grown Without Leafspot Control1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Norden ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract Five peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes, Southern Runner, Dixie Runner, Florunner, UF82206, and UF714021, were grown for three years, 1982–1984, near Gainesville, Florida without fungicide applications. Three digging dates, averaging 105 days after planting (DAP), 118 DAP, and 132 DAP, were used each year to determine the effects of early harvest as a management practice for peanut production under leafspot pressure. The different digging dates had no effect on fatty acid composition of the five genotypes, and had only minimal effect on the oil content and iodine value. The largest oil quality differences in this study were due to differences among genotypes and year-to-year variation. The earliest digging date tended to reduce market grade characters, but major pod yield differences were the result of genotype × digging date interactions. Genotypes with little or no resistance to leafspot diseases, such as Florunner and UF 714021, produced nearly 3000 kg/ha without leafspot control up to 118 DAP and then had sharp yield decreases, while resistant genotypes such as Southern Runner and UF 82206 continued to produce pod yields of 3000 kg/ha or higher up to 132 DAP.

IMPROVED EARLY SEASON MANAGEMENT OF SUB1 RICE VARIETIES ENHANCES POST-SUBMERGENCE RECOVERY AND YIELD

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINO P. M. BANAYO ◽  
RANEE C. MABESA-TELOSA ◽  
SUDHANSHU SINGH ◽  
YOICHIRO KATO
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Conventional Practice

SUMMARYMore than 10 Sub1 rice varieties carrying the submergence-tolerance gene have been released for flood-prone environments in tropical Asia. Improved management practices have been shown to enhance yields of these varieties. The objective of this study was to dissect the growth response of IR64-Sub1 to integrated crop management in a flash flood at the late vegetative stage. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines in the dry and wet seasons of 2013. Complete submergence was imposed for 14 days starting at 37 days after transplanting. Integrated management practice (IMP) consisting of: (i) application of fertilizer (compared with no fertilizer use in conventional practice), (ii) use of lower seeding rate (400 vs. 800 kg ha−1) in the nursery bed, (iii) use of slightly older seedling for transplanting (30 vs. 18 day-old), and (iv) higher planting density (33.3 vs. 25.0 hills m−2) gave yields higher by 8–87% compared with the conventional practice (1.3–2.4 t ha−1) in both seasons. This was attributable to higher shoot biomass after water recession, more tillers m−2, greater leaf area expansion and shoot biomass accumulation during the recovery period, and higher filled-grain percentage at maturity. The improved management had no positive effect on panicle formation, spikelets panicle−1, and harvest index since stress was imposed at the transition period between vegetative and reproductive phases. Our results suggest the appropriate nursery management, for submergence-resilient seedlings to further alleviate damage caused by flash floods and increase the yield of Sub1 varieties in flood-prone rainfed lowlands.

scholarly journals Effect of Mulching on Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Coastal Sandy Land in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Xuan Minh ◽  
Nguyen Cong Thanh ◽  
Tran Hau Thin ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huong Giang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tieng
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the oil and cash crops in Vietnam. However, owing to the lack of appropriate management practices, the production and the area under cultivation of peanut have remained low. Mulches are the key factors contributing to promoting crop development and early harvest and increasing yields. Methods: The experiment consisted of three mulch treatments, viz., plastic mulch, straw mulch and no-mulch control. All the treatments were replicated thrice in a complete randomized block design. Result: In the conditions of mulch, the plant growth parameters (germination rate, growing time, plant height, number of branches per plant), leaf area index, the number of nodules per plant, dry matter accumulation, yield components and yield of peanut was much higher than that of no-mulch control. Among the mulches, plastic mulch was found superior to straw mulch in the pod yields and water-use efficiency and moisture conservation, thereby can be considered as a reliable practice for increasing the productivity of peanut on the coastal sandy land in Nghe An province, Vietnam.

Influence of Digging Date on Yield and Gross Return of Virginia-type Peanut Cultivars in North Carolina

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
J. F. Spears ◽  
G. A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Balance Complex

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers must balance complex interactions among cultivars, planting dates, environmental and physiological stresses during the growing season, and weather conditions at harvest when determining when to dig peanut. Ten field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1996 to determine the influence of digging date on pod yield and gross return of virginia-type peanut. Beginning in mid- to late September, the cultivars NC 9, NC 10C, NCV-11, VA-C 92R, AgraTech (AT) VC-1, and NC 12C were dug on four dates approximately 7 d apart. Considerable variation in pod yield and gross return was noted among cultivars and experiments. Delaying digging increased pod yield and gross return in some but not all experiments. Greater variation in pod yield and gross return was observed for NC 10C than for AT VC-1 when compared across digging dates. Pod yield and gross return for NC9, NC V-11, VA-C 92R, and NC 12C were intermediate between NC 10C and AT VC-1. Of the cultivars evaluated, yield and gross return of AT VC-1 were the most stable over digging dates. These data suggest that growers should evaluate maturity of peanut in individual fields for each cultivar when determining when to dig. These data also suggest that factors other than maturity impact pod yield and gross return.

scholarly journals Conventional versus Nano Calcium Forms on Peanut Production under Sandy Soil Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Mohamed Abbas ◽  
Asmaa Abd Elrahman ◽  
Mohamed Helal ◽  
Mohamed Shahba
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Elemental Calcium

Abiotic stresses in sandy soil, which include saline water, saline soil, and lack of nutrients, affect the productivity and quality traits of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L). Elemental calcium (Ca2+) is necessary for the proper development of peanut pods. This work aimed at comparing conventional Ca and nano-Ca form effects on peanut production and quality traits. Two randomized complete block field experiments were conducted in the 2015 and 2016 seasons. Treatments were control, gypsum plus calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and chelated calcium, as well as 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of Ca(NO3)2 doses in a nano form. The results indicated that the treatment of gypsum plus conventional CaNO3 achieved the highest yield and best quality traits, followed by the Ca(NO3)2 and 100% nano Ca(NO3)2 treatments. The treatments of the control, gypsum, and 12.5% nano Ca(NO3)2 had the lowest effect on peanut performance. The conventional treatment of gypsum plus Ca(NO3)2 resulted in the greatest seed yield (1.6 ton ha−1), oil yield (700.3 kg ha−1), and protein yield (380.1 kg ha−1). Peanuts may benefit from Ca2+ better by using gypsum as the soil application and calcium nitrate as the foliar application to prevent disorders of Ca2+ deficiency under sandy soil conditions.

Crop–weed competition studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yadav ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Removal

SUMMARYField experiments were made during the rainy seasons of 1979 and 1980 at Hissar, India, to study the effect of time of weed removal on the yield of groundnut. Removing weeds from 2 to 8 weeks after sowing led to significantly larger yields than that of plots which were not weeded. Maximum pod yield in both years was obtained when weeds were removed 4 weeks after crop sowing.

scholarly journals Peanut Response to Seeding Density and Digging Date in the Virginia-Carolina Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
J.C. Oakes ◽  
M. Balota ◽  
D.L. Jordan ◽  
A.T. Hare ◽  
A. Sadeghpour
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

ABSTRACT Large-seeded virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are common in Virginia and North Carolina, but cost more to plant than runner market type peanut cultivars when the goal is to establish the same plant population. Decreasing seeding density could help growers to reduce production costs, as long as thinner stands do not negatively impact yield and economic return. Selecting the optimum digging time is a decision that could significantly influence growers' production and economics. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina at four site-year environments in 2016 and 2017 to examine the influence of seeding density (109, 143, 180, and 200 thousand seeds/ha) and digging date (130, 140, and 150 days after planting [DAP]) on virginia type peanut cultivar (Bailey, Sullivan, Wynne) performance. Regardless of cultivar and digging date, the greatest pod yield (5930 kg/ha) was achieved from the 200 thousand seeds/ha density, but the 143 thousand seeds/ha density had the highest economic return ($2990/ha). At three of the four site-years, the 140 DAP digging date, i.e. 1400 to 1600 C growing degree days (GDD), produced the greatest pod yield (5470 kg/ha) and had the highest economic return ($2750/ha). While individual site-years should be monitored for digging date, growers should be prepared to dig the currently available cultivars from 1400 to no more than 1600 C accumulated GDD.

scholarly journals A Recirculating Hydroponic System for Studying Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
L.M. Ruffe
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Seed Yields

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were grown hydroponically, using continuously recirculating nutrient solution. Two culture tray designs were tested; one tray design used only nutrient solution, while the other used a sphagnum-filled pod development compartment just beneath the cover and above the nutrient solution. Both trays were fitted with slotted covers to allow developing gynophores to reach the root zone. Peanut seed yields averaged 350 g·m-2 dry mass, regardless of tray design, suggesting that substrate is not required for hydroponic peanut production.

Effect of flower or pod removal on the performance of soya beans (Glycine max. L.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SummaryAll flowers were removed daily on soya-bean plants (cv. Hampton) for 1, 2, or 3 weeks and all pods developed on the plant were removed after 1, 2 or 3 weeks of pod development, in two field trials, in order to evaluate the effects of removing flowers or pods on the growth, development and yield of the cultivar. Removal of flowers or pods led to less dry-matter accumulation, longer leaf area duration and delayed maturity of the plants and these became more pronounced with the severity of the removal.Number of mature pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, pod yield per plant and seed yield both per plant and per hectare, were significantly reduced when flowers were removed for 1 week or pods removed after 2 or 3 weeks of development in the early season crop. Yield was reduced by 27%, 35% and 40% respectively both per plant and per hectare. In the late season crop, removing flowers for 3 weeks or removing pods after 3 weeks of development led to significant reduction in number of mature pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant and seed yield both per plant and per hectare. The magnitudes of yield reduction were 40% and 49% respectively.The ability of the variety of soya bean used in this study to prevent significant reduction in seed yield by compensatory development, following flower or pod removal, depends on the severity of the removal vis-d-vis the stage of development of the plant and its vigour.

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