Electrocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Rhythm: A Comparative Study of Apparently Healthy German Shepherd Dogs Versus Dogs with Cardiac Affections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash . ◽  
Mamta Mishra ◽  
Sanjay Purohit ◽  
R. P. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
P Wave ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Group I ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: The objective of the present study was to define existence of age and body weight related cardiac structural and functional changes in both healthy GSD as well as those having structural or functional cardiac affections. Thus the present study was conducted to establish the reference values of various parameters of ECG based on age and body weight and further evaluation of clinical cases based on these reference values. Method: The present study was conducted on eight apparently healthy German shepherd dogs aged 36-72 months with body weight 22-33.2 kg free from cardio-thoracic diseases to establish the reference values of various electrocardiographic parameters (Group-I) and used to evaluate the cardiac rhythm in 3 GSD dogs having some cardiac diseases (Group-II) based on the reference values obtained from Group-I. Result: Heart rate showed negative correlation with age and body weight. Positive correlation of amplitude of S and T wave, QRS complex, duration of T wave, P-R interval and R-R interval with age and body weight; amplitude of Q wave, duration of P wave and Q-T interval with body weight was observed. Negative correlation of amplitude of P and R wave, S-T interval with age and body weight; amplitude of Q wave, duration of P wave and Q-T interval with age was observed.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic reference values for healthy Netherland Dwarf rabbits and the influence of body position, age and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chapel ◽  
C. Castillo ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
M. Cipone ◽  
J. L. Benedito
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
And Gender ◽  
R Wave Amplitude

<p>The aim of this study was to provide reference values for a single, popular breed of pet rabbit. Moreover, additional objectives were to determine whether sex, body position or age alter Netherland Dwarf rabbit electrocardiographic variables and whether the use of electrocardiographic filters affects those variables. Forty Netherland Dwarf rabbits were examined clinically and standard six-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in sternal and then dorsal recumbency. At first power-line and anti-drift filters were used and then they were disabled. The following variables were measured in lead II: heart rate; P wave duration and amplitude; P-R interval; QRS duration; R wave amplitude (with and without filters); Q-T interval; T wave duration and amplitude; S-T segment; J-T duration; and mean electrical axis (MEA) (with and without filters). MEA was determined by 3 different methods. After statistical processing of the data, our results showed that there were no significant differences between both recumbencies, with the exception of the J-T duration, which was higher in dorsal recumbency. The R wave amplitude using electrocardiographic filters showed significant differences between males (0.083 mV) and females (0.115 mV; P&lt;0.05); and between younger rabbits (0.108 mV) and older rabbits (0.097 mV; P&lt;0.05). These differences were not shown between R waves with filters disabled. Moreover, the strongest correlation was between 2 MEA methods without filters. MEA was more leftward in the pet rabbit than in other species (dog or cats). In conclusion, electrocardiography recording without electrocardiographic filters should be assessed when it is possible, and the specific ECGs characteristics for Netherland Dwarf rabbit should be taken into account.</p>

Ultrasonographic Reference Values of Different Dimensions of Adrenal Glands in Healthy Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash . ◽  
Gulshan Kumar ◽  
R.P. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Pole Diameter ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: The present study was conducted to measure the dimensions of the adrenal glands in apparently healthy dogs for obtaining reference values via ultrasonographic modality.Methods: This study was carried out on 18 apparently healthy dogs divided into three groups of six each viz., Group I, II and III. Ultrasonographic examination was performed in all the animals in lateral recumbency. Ultrasound images of adrenal glands were reported in the sagittal plane and different measurements of both the adrenal glands were determined.Result: Both the adrenal glands were longest in Group III and shortest in Group I. Similarly, the cranial pole diameter and caudal pole diameter was thickest in Group III and thinnest in Group I. The measurements recorded during this study can be used as reference values.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic parameters in captive, clinically healthy, Amazona ochrocephala

2015 ◽  
pp. 5037-5045
Author(s):  
Claudia Guerrero S ◽  
Janeth Bolivar B ◽  
Piero Vargas-Pinto ◽  
Pedro Vargas-Pinto ◽  
Claudia Brieva-Rico
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
P Wave ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
T Wave ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters

ABSTRACT Objective. To stablish the electrocardiographic parameters of individuals of the species Amazona ochrocephala, from the Unidad de Rescate y Rehabilitacion de Animales Silvestres at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Materials and methods. The electrocardiographic examination was performed under inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane. Leads I, II, III, aVL, aVR and aVF were measured. Results. Electrocardiographic parameters obtained in Lead II. P wave Duration: 0.015-0.044 s, P wave amplitude: 0.031 to 0.6 mv, R wave duration: 0.015-0.022 s, amplitude R: 0.034-0.038 mv, S wave Duration: 0.019- 0.042 s, amplitude S: 0.194-0.815 mv, T wave Duration: 0.025-0.064 s, T-wave amplitude: 0.010 to 0.5 mv, PQ Duration: 0.021-0.076 s, QRS Duration: 0.036-0.068 s, QT Duration: 0.070-0.015 s, RR Duration: 0.104-0.324 s, EEM: -111° to -80°, FC: 240-600 ppm. Conclusions. The results showed different values for amplitude and duration of the P, R and T waves in comparison to those obtained in other studies. However, they were similar for heart rate, MEA and duration of the PQ/R, QT and QRS segments.

Pulse Oximetric and ECG changes during continuous infusion of propofol in medetomidine – pentazocine and midazolam – pentazocine premedicated buffalo calves

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saibaba ◽  
P. Veena ◽  
N. Dhana Lakshmi ◽  
K. Veera Bramhaiah
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Group I ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Twelve buffalo calves of either sex presented to the clinic with surgical conditions like umbilical hernia, urolithiasis and fractures were utilized to study the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of propofol after premedication with medetomidine – pentazocine and midazolam – pentazocine. The animals were divided into two groups of six animals each. Medetomidine (@ 2.5 μg/kg b.wt.) – pentazocine (@ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt.) and midazolam (@ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt.) – pentazocine (@ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt.) was given intravenously in group I and II respectively. Propofol was given intravenously (@ 4 mg/kg b.wt.) after pre-medication and maintained by continuous intravenous infusion of propofol (@ 0.4 mg/kg b.wt.) in 5 % dextrose normal saline in both groups. Pulse oximetric and electrocardographic changes were recorded at 0, 5,10,15,30 and 60 min. Saturation of oxygen percentage of haemoglobin showed significant (P £ 0.05) difference in both groups but the changes were within the normal range. Electrocardiographic studies did not reveal any abnormalities except slight variations in the amplitude of P wave, T wave and QRS complex in both groups. It is concluded that both anaesthetic drug combinations can be used safely in buffaloes as they did not alter the pulse oximetry and ECG values.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

Advanced interatrial block precedes atrial fibrillation and stroke. The prospective interatrial Block And Yearly EventS (BAYES) registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Martinez-Selles ◽  
R Elosua ◽  
M Ibarrola ◽  
M De Andres ◽  
P Diez-Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Surface Ecg ◽  
Interatrial Block

Abstract Background Advanced interatrial block (IAB), prolonged and bimodal P waves in surface ECG inferior leads, is an unrecognized surrogate of atrial dysfunction and a trigger of atrial dysrhythmias, mainly atrial fibrillation (AF). Our aim was to prospectively assess whether advanced IAB in sinus rhythm precedes AF and stroke in elderly outpatients with structural heart disease, a group not previously studied. Methods Prospective observational registry that included outpatients aged ≥70 years with structural heart disease and no previous diagnosis of AF. Patients were divided into three groups according to P-wave characteristics. Results Among 556 individuals, 223 had normal P-wave (40.1%), 196 partial IAB (35.3%), and 137 advanced IAB (24.6%). After a median follow-up of 694 days; 93 patients (16.7%) developed AF, 30 stroke (5.4%), and 34 died (6.1%). Advanced IAB was independently associated with AF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–5.1, p&lt;0.001), stroke (HR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.7, p=0.010), and AF/stroke (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.4, p=0.001). P-wave duration (ms) was independently associated with AF (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p&lt;0.001), AF/stroke (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, p&lt;0.001), and mortality (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08, p=0.021). Conclusions The presence of advanced IAB in sinus rhythm is a risk factor for AF and stroke in an elderly population with structural heart disease and no previous diagnosis of AF. P-wave duration was also associated with all-cause mortality. Figure. Age- and sex-adjusted linear and non-linear association between P-wave duration (msec) and atrial fibrillation (A), stroke (B), and atrial fibrillation or stroke (C) risk. Results of a generalized additive model with spline smoothing functions and 4 degrees of freedom. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meyer curves of survival free of atrial fibrillation (A), stroke (B) and atrial fibrillation or stroke (C) in patients with normal P-wave, partial interatrial block (IAB) and advanced IAB. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Potential anti-toxic effect of d-ribose-l-cysteine supplement on the reproductive functions of male rats administered cyclophosphamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Oludare ◽  
Gbenga O. Afolayan ◽  
Ganbotei G. Semidara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to access the protective effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced gonadal toxicity in male rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. Group I the control, received distilled water (10 ml/kg), Group II received a single dose of CPA 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p), Groups III and IV received a single dose of CPA at 100 mg/kg (i.p) and then were treated with DRLC at 200 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w) and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. Rats in Groups V and VI received DRLC at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. DRLC was administered orally. Results Results showed that CPA increased percentage of abnormal sperm cells and reduced body weight, sperm count, sperm motility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels (p<0.05). CPA also induced oxidative stress as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activities of the oxidative enzymes measured (p<0.05). Liver enzymes were elevated while the blood cells production was decreased in the rats administered CPA. DRLC supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defence system as indicated in the reduced MDA levels and increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes when compared with CPA (p<0.05). Bodyweight, sperm count, sperm motility, FSH, and testosterone levels were increased in the CPA + DRLC II group compared with CPA (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this present study showed that DRLC has a potential protective effect on CPA-induced gonadotoxicity.

Electrocardiographic markers of atrial cardiomyopathy predict ineffective cardioversion: a FinCV2 cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Relander ◽  
T Hellman ◽  
T Vasankari ◽  
I Nuotio ◽  
K.E.J Airaksinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
P Wave ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
Af Recurrence

Abstract Background Rhythm control using electrical cardioversion (CV) is a common treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about electrocardiographic (ECG) markers predicting CV failure and AF recurrence. Methods This study included 726 patients who underwent a CV for AF lasting &gt;48h in a referral hospital. We analysed markers of atrial cardiomyopathy in post-CV sinus rhythm ECGs and compared them with CV failure and AF recurrence rates within 30 days after CV as well as their combination (ineffective CV). Of those with failed CV the most recent sinus rhythm ECG was used. Results CV was unsuccessful in 66 out of 726 patients (9.09%). Advanced interatrial block (IAB) defined as P-wave duration ≥120ms and biphasic morphology in inferior (II, III and aVF) leads (OR 3.96, 95%-CI 2.09–7.52, p&lt;0.001) was an independent predictor for CV failure. Within 30 days after CV, AF recurred in 214 (32.4%) patients. Advanced IAB (OR 2.10, 95%-CI 1.19–3.72, p=0.011) was an independent predictor for AF recurrence. In total CV was ineffective (CV failure or AF recurrence) 280 of 726 times (38.6%). Advanced IAB (OR 2.72, 95%-CI 1.64–4.51, p&lt;0.001) was an independent predictor for ineffective CV. Partial IAB categorized as P-wave duration ≥120ms with no biphasic morphology did not predict any end points. Conclusions Advanced IAB predicts CV inefficacy. This study identified ECG markers of atrial cardiomyopathy for clinical use in CV patient selection. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This study research was funded by grants from the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, State Clinical Research Fund of Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Finnish Cardiac Society, the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, and the Maud Kuistila Foundation.

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