Analysis of foot and mouth disease in dairy animals: an assessment of cost and loss from sample farmers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Sinha ◽  
N. N. Thombare ◽  
B. Mondal ◽  
M. S. Meena ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Loss Component ◽  
The Cost

Response from 60-farm owners was analyzed to assess the economic impacts of foot and mouth disease. Data were recorded through personal interview methods during 2006-07 from small farmers across the villages of Pune region. The loss in terms of reduced revenues and cost as extra resources used for treatment were quantified and aggregated. The estimated production loss to the tune of Rs. 3184.00 in crossbreeds cows and Rs. 3062.50 in buffaloes, whose share was 74.31 and 81.69 per cent, respectively. The major loss component was reduction in milk yield, accounted Rs. 894.60 and Rs.510.00, represents 20.88 and 13.60 per cent of the total loss in crossbred cows and buffaloes, respectively. The cost of treatment was worked out to be Rs. 1313.80 in crossbred cows and Rs. 645.63 in buffaloes. The cost of medicine alone had constituted around 50 percent of total cost component, reflecting a tune of Rs. 675.60 in crossbred and Rs. 281.25 in buffaloes. The expenses were worked out to be Rs. 5598.80 in crossbred and Rs. 4394.38 in buffaloes per animal, which shows the expenses due to the disease, was comparatively higher in the crossbred cows. Movement of animals was ascertained to be the reason for spread of this disease in 80 per cent farm perception.

Mitigation Strategies for Foot and Mouth Disease

2013 ◽  
pp. 176-203
Author(s):  
Sohini Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Caterina Scoglio ◽  
William H. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Cost

Prediction of epidemics such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a global necessity in addressing economic, political and ethical issues faced by the affected countries. In the absence of precise and accurate spatial information regarding disease dynamics, learning- based predictive models can be used to mimic latent spatial parameters so as to predict the spread of epidemics in time. This paper analyzes temporal predictions from four such learning-based models, namely: neural network, autoregressive, Bayesian network, and Monte-Carlo simulation models. The prediction qualities of these models have been validated using FMD incidence reports in Turkey. Additionally, the authors perform simulations of mitigation strategies based on the predictive models to curb the impact of the epidemic. This paper also analyzes the cost-effectiveness of these mitigation strategies to conclude that vaccinations and movement ban strategies are more cost-effective than premise culls before the onset of an epidemic outbreak; however, in the event of existing epidemic outbreaks, premise culling is more effective at controlling FMD.

Short-term effect of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination on the milk yield in the Deoni and crossbred cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayanan Krishnaswamy ◽  
Sakthivel Jeyakumar ◽  
R. P. Tamil Selvan ◽  
G. R. Gowane ◽  
Priyanka Mahadappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Four Simple Biomimetic Mineralization Methods to Improve the Thermostability and Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles as a Vaccine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Mengnan Guo ◽  
Jiajun Li ◽  
Zhidong Teng ◽  
Mei Ren ◽  
Hu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Biomimetic Mineralization ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Cost

The need for a cold chain system during storage and transport substantially increases the cost of vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are among the best countermeasures against foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). However, VLPs are composed of pure proteins, and thus, are susceptible to heat. To address this problem, four simple biomimetic mineralization methods with the use of calcium phosphate were developed to improve heat tolerance via biomineralization. The results showed that biomineralization can significantly improve the heat resistance of VLPs. The biomineralized VLPs can be stored at low as 25 °C for eight days, and 37 °C for four days. Animal experiments showed that biomineralization had no effect on the immunogenicity of VLPs or the expression of specific antibodies (Abs) and neutralizing Abs. Even after heat treatment at 37 °C for four days, the biomineralized VLPs remained immunogenic and produced highly specific and neutralizing Abs with a high rate of protection. These results suggest that these biomineralization approaches can promote the thermal stability of VLPs against and significantly reduce dependence on cold storage and delivery systems.

Socioeconomic burden of hand, foot and mouth disease in children in Shanghai, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. WANG ◽  
A. M. XIA ◽  
Y. F. LI ◽  
H. L. SU ◽  
L. W. ZHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYIn the near future, the inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine is expected to become available on the market in China. Since EV71 is a major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), the vaccine is expected to significantly reduce the number of cases, as well as the detrimental economic effect of the disease. However, for a national vaccination strategy to be developed, policy-makers need more information on the socioeconomic burden of EV71 HFMD infection. Based on the 2011 population data, we estimated the clinical and economic effect of EV71 HFMD infection in children aged 0–9 years in Shanghai, China. The annual cost related to HFMD is >US$7.66 million for a population of 1·42 million children aged 0–9 years with an average cost of US$208.2/case. The extrapolated cost for EV71 HFMD infection was US$3.53 million, comprising 46·1% of the overall cost associated with HFMD. Around 97% of all of the HFMD-related expenses were paid for by the families creating a considerable economic burden. Our findings could provide the necessary recommendations on the most effective national EV71 vaccine implementation, as well as a baseline data for assessing the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine in China.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Risk of Foot and Mouth Disease among Beef Cattle at Slaughter from East African Production Systems

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Julie Adamchick ◽  
Karl M. Rich ◽  
Andres M. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
The Cost

Endemic foot and mouth disease (FMD) in East African cattle systems is one factor that limits access to export markets. The probability of FMD transmission associated with export from such systems have never been quantified and there is a need for data and analyses to guide strategies for livestock exports from regions where FMD remains endemic. The probability of infection among animals at slaughter is an important contributor to the risk of FMD transmission associated with the final beef product. In this study, we built a stochastic model to estimate the probability that beef cattle reach slaughter while infected with FMD virus for four production systems in two East African countries (Kenya and Uganda). Input values were derived from the primary literature and expert opinion. We found that the risk that FMD-infected animals reach slaughter under current conditions is high in both countries (median annual probability ranging from 0.05 among cattle from Kenyan feedlots to 0.62 from Ugandan semi-intensive systems). Cattle originating from feedlot and ranching systems in Kenya had the lowest overall probabilities of the eight systems evaluated. The final probabilities among cattle from all systems were sensitive to the likelihood of acquiring new infections en route to slaughter and especially the probability and extent of commingling with other cattle. These results give insight into factors that could be leveraged by potential interventions to lower the probability of FMD among beef cattle at slaughter. Such interventions should be evaluated considering the cost, logistics, and tradeoffs of each, ultimately guiding resource investment that is grounded in the values and capacity of each country.

scholarly journals Post-outbreak surveillance strategies to support proof of freedom from foot-and-mouth disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradhurst ◽  
Graeme Garner ◽  
Iain East ◽  
Clare Death ◽  
Aaron Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sampling Regime ◽  
The Cost

AbstractWhilst emergency vaccination may help contain foot-and-mouth disease in a previously FMD-free country, its use complicates post-outbreak surveillance and the recovery of FMD-free status. A structured surveillance program is required that can distinguish between vaccinated and residually infected animals, and provide statistical confidence that the virus is no longer circulating in previously infected areas.Epidemiological models have been well-used to investigate the potential benefits of emergency vaccination during a control progam and when/where/whom to vaccinate in the face of finite supplies of vaccine and personnel. Less well studied are post-outbreak issues such as the management of vaccinated animals and the implications of having used vaccination during surveillance regimes to support proof-of-freedom. This paper presents enhancements to the Australian Animal Disease Model (AADIS) that allow comparisons of different post-outbreak surveillance sampling regimes for establishing proof-of-freedom from FMD.A case study is provided that compares a baseline surveillance sampling regime (derived from current OIE guidelines), with an alternative less intensive sampling regime. It was found that when vaccination was not part of the control program, a reduced sampling intensity significantly reduced the number of samples collected and the cost of the post-outbreak surveillance program, without increasing the risk of missing residual infected herds.

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