Prevalence and economic losses of reproductive disorders and mastitis in buffaloes at Karachi, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Khurram Fareed ◽  
Khalid Hussain Memon ◽  
Allah Bux Kachiwal ◽  
Shajeela Azhar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Brula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Vaginal Prolapse ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Water Buffaloes

The water buffalo play a significant role in the economy of livestock industry of Pakistan. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of reproductive disorders in 928 buffaloes and its economic impact on dairy farms in 2014-15. The data were collected from Landhi Cattle Colony Karachi to analyze the reproductive disorders and mastitis problems in dairy buffaloes. The prevalence of the abortion recorded was 41% which was significantly highest (P<0.01) as compare to others disorders. Whereas, repeat breeding, dystocia, retention of placenta, vaginal prolapse and vaginitis were 32%, 14%, 8%, 5 % and 2% respectively in water buffaloes. Moreover, mastitis cases were 11% in Landhi cattle colony Karachi during study period. The economic losses due to abortion, repeat breeding, dystocia, vaginal prolapse, vaginitis and mastitis were 320, 320, 640, 480, 560, 240 and 640 Pakistan rupees per animal respectively in water buffaloes. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicated that mastitis, abortions and dystocia caused major economic losses to dairy farms at Landhi Cattle Colony Karachi during study period.

scholarly journals Estimating the Production Losses Due to Cystic Echinococcosis in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
savaş sarıözkan ◽  
Mehmet Küçükoflaz
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease among livestock diseases, that causes low productivity (meat, milk, fecundity), profitability and significant economic losses in water buffalo farms and serious public health problem all over the world. This study aimed at estimating the direct (condemned offal) and indirect (meat, milk, and fecundity losses) production losses due to cystic echinococcosis (CE) in water buffaloes in Turkey. A spreadsheet loss model was constructed, and the mean prevalence rate of CE was accepted as 16.4% (3.8% in males and 21.7% in females) in water buffaloes in Turkey. The annual financial losses were estimated with official and previously published data under expected (mean value), optimistic (lowered by 10%), and pessimistic (increased by 10%) scenarios with the prices current in 2020. The production losses in an infected male and female water buffalo were estimated at $54.3 and 105.3, respectively. The nation-wide losses due to CE were estimated at $1.7 million (1.4-2.1) for water buffaloes annually. In conclusion, farmers, policymakers, and the public need to be informed about the risks and financial impact of CE, and control/eradication programs should be included in policies of government at the national level after a cost/benefit analysis.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequencing of Eight Brucella abortus Biovar 1 Strains Isolated from Water Buffalo

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Paradiso ◽  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Marita Georgia Riccardi ◽  
Bianca Cecere ◽  
Anna Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genome Assemblies

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella . The disease is endemic in many areas, causing chronic infections responsible for reproductive disorders in infected animals. Here, we present eight complete genome assemblies of eight Brucella abortus strains isolated from water buffaloes farmed in the Campania region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Hussaini Ojagefu Adamu ◽  
Rahimat Oshuwa Hussaini ◽  
Cedric Obasuyi ◽  
Linus Irefo Anagha ◽  
Gabriel Oscy Okoduwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMastitis is a disease of livestock that directly impede livestock production and thus hindering the socio-ecological development of sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in 30% of Africa countries, with Ethiopia having the highest prevalence. The coverage is low, despite the wide livestock and dairy farms distribution in Africa. Furthermore, estimated economic losses due to the impact of mastitis are lacking in Nigeria. The disease is endemic in Nigeria as indicated by the available data and there are no proposed management plans or control strategies. This review is thus presented to serve as a wakeup call to all parties involved to intensify efforts towards the diagnosis, control, and management of the disease in Nigeria.

Domestic water buffaloes: Access to surface water, disease prevalence and associated economic losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Elahi ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Huiming Zhang ◽  
Weijun Cui ◽  
Shabeh Ul Hasson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Buffaloes

scholarly journals Economic losses due to bovine mastitis in Dutch dairy herds.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
M.H.W. Schakenraad ◽  
A.A. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Fat Yield

Current annual losses due to mastitis in Dutch dairy herds were calculated to av. Dfl 136/cow per yr, which equals approx. 12% of net return on labour and management per cow on a typical farm. Reduction in milk and fat yield accounts for 70% of these losses. Streptococcal infections were found to have the highest economic impact, causing almost 40% of total losses. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Probability of pregnancy before ninety days postpartum in water buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Hector Nava-Trujillo ◽  
Robert Valeris-Chacin ◽  
Adriana Morgado-Osorio ◽  
Javier Hernández ◽  
Janeth Caamaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
First 90 Days ◽  
Long Photoperiod

This study aimed to determine the effect of parity and season of calving on the probability of water buffalo cows becoming pregnant before 90 days postpartum. A retrospective analysis of reproductive records of 1,465 water buffaloes with 3,181 pregnancies was carried out. Buffaloes were grouped according to parity in one, two, or three and more calvings. Season of calving was created with the following values: long photoperiod (March-August) and short photoperiod (September-February) and predicted probabilities from the mixed-effects logistic regression model were calculated, and a generalized linear mixed model was fitted with random intercepts to calculate the log odds of becoming pregnant ≤90 days postpartum. The probability of pregnancy ≤90 days postpartum was 0.3645, and this was lower in primiparous (0.2717) in comparison with two-calved (0.3863) and three or more calving buffaloes (0.5166). Probability of pregnancy ≤90 days postpartum increased 1.77 odds by each increase in parity. The probability of becoming pregnant ≤90 days postpartum was higher in water buffaloes calving during the short photoperiod season (0.4239 vs. 0.2474, P>0.000), and water buffaloes calving during the long photoperiod season only had 0.2645 odds to become pregnant than those calving during the short photoperiod season. The negative effect of long photoperiod was observed indifferently of parity. In conclusion, primiparity and the long photoperiod affect water buffalo cow's reproductive performance, decreasing pregnancy probability during the first 90 days postpartum.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI CACING HATI SAPI PERAH PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Madi Hartono ◽  
Purnama Edy Santosa ◽  
Sri Suharyati ◽  
Hindun Larasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Faecal Samples

The study was conducted on dairy cattle livestock at Lampung Province in July - August 2012, aiming to determine the prevalence of liver worms. Disease in livestock caused by liver worm infections are called Fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease because it can cause high economic losses. The research method was the census method. Data retrieval were 125 dairy cattle faecal samples from people's dairy farms in Lampung Province. The datas obtained were analyzed descriptively. Examination of faecal samples was carried out at the Lampung Veterinary Center using the Sedimentation Test. The results showed the prevalence of liver worms in dairy cattle in Lampung Province was 12.00%, 15 dairy cattle those were positively infested by liver worms. The highest dairy cattle prevalence in West Lampung Regency at 33.33%, while the lowest prevalence is in dairy cattle in Bandar Lampung City and Tanggamus Regency at 0%. Keywords:  Dairy Cattle Livestock, Lampung Province, Liver Worms, Prevalence, Sedimentation Test

Economic Impact of Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-314
Author(s):  
Merve Şener
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Financial Losses

Critical infrastructures ensure that activities that are vital and important for individuals can be safely delivered to the society uninterruptedly. The damage on these critical infrastructures caused by cyber-attacks whose control is carried out through computers and network systems is very large. Cyber-attacks directly or indirectly affect companies, institutions, and organizations economically and cause great financial losses. In this chapter, two different categories, energy and finance sector, which are described as critical infrastructure, are discussed; cyber-attacks carried out on these sectors, cyber-attack weapons, and economic losses caused by these attacks are examined.

scholarly journals Transport losses in market weight pigs: II. U.S. incidence and economic impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1112
Author(s):  
Matthew J Ritter ◽  
Chad L Yoder ◽  
Corey L Jones ◽  
Scott N Carr ◽  
Michelle S Calvo-Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
No Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Transport Losses

Abstract An industry survey representing approximately 310 million (M) market weight pigs was conducted with 20 U.S. slaughter facilities over the calendars years of 2012 to 2015 to determine the incidence, seasonal patterns, and estimated economic impact of dead and non-ambulatory pigs. Each plant entered daily totals in a secure online database for the following variables: 1) pigs slaughtered, 2) dead on arrival (DOA; dead on the truck), 3) euthanized on arrival (EOA; non-ambulatory pig with an injury that required euthanasia), 4) dead in pen (DIP; died after unloading), and 5) non-ambulatory (pig unable to move or keep up with the rest of the group from unloading to stunning). Total dead pigs were calculated as DOA + EOA + DIP, and total losses were calculated as non-ambulatory + total dead. The economic impact was estimated based on the 4-yr weighted averages from USDA annual reports for market swine slaughtered (108,470,550 pigs), live market weight (126.9 kg), and live market price ($1.44/kg). The 4-yr weighted averages for total dead, non-ambulatory, and total losses were 0.26%, 0.63%, and 0.88%, respectively. Total dead consisted of 0.15% DOA, 0.05% EOA, and 0.05% DIP. The months with the highest rates of total dead were July (0.29%), August (0.32%), and September (0.30%), while the lowest incidence rates occurred in February (0.22%), March (0.22%), and April (0.22%). The months with the highest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of October (0.70%), November (0.71%), and December (0.70%), whereas the lowest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of April (0.57%), May (0.53%), and June (0.54%). The following assumptions were used in the economic analysis: 1) dead pigs received no value and 2) non-ambulatory pigs were discounted 30%. Based on these assumptions, the annual cost to the industry for dead and non-ambulatory pigs was estimated to be $52 M ($0.48 per pig marketed) and $37 M ($0.35 per pig marketed), respectively. Therefore, total losses represent approximately $89 M in economic losses or $0.83 per pig marketed. This is the first industry-wide survey on the incidence of transport losses in market weight pigs at U.S. slaughter facilities, and this information is important for establishing an industry baseline and benchmark for transport losses that can be used for measuring industry improvements.

scholarly journals Differences in plasma Anti Müllerian hormone levels and reproductive parameters between two bovine species: Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Berdugo ◽  
Ariel M. Tarazona ◽  
José de Julián Echeverri ◽  
Walter D. Cardona-Maya ◽  
Albeiro Lopez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Bovine Species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between reproductive parameters and Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in two closely related bovine species. AMH levels and the reproductive parameters of 50 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and 50 Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) of the same age and raised in similar conditions were evaluated. Clinical data were obtained from the farm in specialized designed format, and AMH was measured by ELISA. The results show that Zebu cattle had higher AMH levels than water buffaloes (P&lt;0.0001), while water buffaloes exhibited better reproductive parameters: days open to pregnancy (P&lt;0.0001), parity (P&lt;0.0005), age at first calving (P&lt;0.0001), and intercalving period (P&lt;0.0001). Although both species have different reproductive parameters, no correlations were found between AMH and the reproductive parameters evaluated in either species. Finally, pregnant Zebu cattle and water buffalo showed a tendency to have lower AMH levels than non-pregnant counterparts. The results are paradoxical as the species with lower AMH levels exhibited better reproductive parameters, suggesting that the reproductive parameters within the herd do not depend solely on the ovarian reserve of females.

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