scholarly journals Carcass and pork quality traits of indigenous pure breeds (Mangalitsa, Moravka) and their crossbreads

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Radovic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
N. Parunovic ◽  
D. Radojkovic ◽  
R. Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain

Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of carcass side and pork quality traits of fatteners (male castrated and female heads). Investigation included 12 pigs per group of Mangalitsa (Genotype 1), Moravka (Genotype 2), cross-breed Mangalitsa with Moravka (Genotype 3) and cross-breed Moravka with Duroc boar (Genotype 4). Results show that Mangalitsa had lower daily gain (268 g) than other genotypes (p<0.001). The greatest difference for fat thickness was determined between Genotype 1 and Genotype 4. As expected, the thinnest fat and maximum value for gain and depth of Musculus longissimus (ML) had the Genotype 4. The highest value for the ML surface was found in Genotype 4(47.52 cm2) whereas for the same trait in Mangalitsa the lowest value was observed (24.16 cm2). Mangalitsa had significantly lower L*, a* and b* values of ML compared with all other groups (p<0.001). Considering the low production performance of indigenous pig breeds, crossbreeding with the Duroc breed will contribute a improvement of growth and carcass traits.

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogeny of the Psittacid Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease: Correlation of Genotype with Phenotypic Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 11260-11267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Tomaszewski ◽  
Erhard F. Kaleta ◽  
David N. Phalen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
European Isolate ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Serotype 1

ABSTRACT Fragments of 419 bp of the UL16 open reading frame from 73 psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs) from the United States and Europe were sequenced. All viruses caused Pacheco's disease, and serotypes of the European isolates were known. A phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences demonstrated that the PsHVs that cause Pacheco's disease comprised four major genotypes, with each genotype including between two and four variants. With the exception of two viruses, the serotypes of the virus isolates could be predicted by the genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 4 corresponded to serotype 1 isolates, genotype 2 corresponded to serotype 2 isolates, and genotype 3 corresponded to serotype 3 isolates. The single serotype 4 virus mapped to genotype 4. DNA from a virus with a unique serotype could not be amplified with primers that amplified DNA from all other PsHVs, and its classification remains unknown. Viruses representing all four genotypes were found in both the United States and Europe, and it was therefore predicted that serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in the United States. Serotype 4 was represented by a single European isolate that could not be genetically distinguished from serotype 1 viruses; therefore, the presence of serotype 4 in the United States could not be predicted. Viruses of genotype 4 were found to be the most commonly associated with Pacheco's disease in macaws and conures and were least likely to be isolated in chicken embryo fibroblasts in the United States. All four genotypes caused deaths in Amazon parrots, but genotype 4 was associated with Pacheco's disease only in Amazons in Europe. Genotypes 2, 3, and 4, but not 1, were found in African grey parrots. Although parrots from the Pacific distribution represent a relatively small percentage of the total number of birds with Pacheco's disease, all four genotypes were found to cause disease in these species.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Cryptosporidiumspp. in the United Kingdom: Results of GenotypingCryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 Fecal Samples from Humans and 105 Fecal Samples from Livestock Animals

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3984-3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLauchlin ◽  
C. Amar ◽  
S. Pedraza-Díaz ◽  
G. L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Oocyst Wall ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
History Of

Cryptosporidium present in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 from livestock animals were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein. Overall, genotype 1 (human exclusive type) was detected in 37.8% of the samples from humans, genotype 2 (broad host range) was detected in 61.5%, a third genotype designated genotype 3 (Cryptosporidium meleagridis) was detected in 0.3%, and both genotypes 1 and 2 were recovered from 0.4%. All samples from livestock yielded genotype 2. Among 469 patients infected during eight drinking water-related outbreaks, five outbreaks were predominantly due to genotype 1, and three were due to genotype 2. Fifty-four samples were collected from patients involved with five swimming pool-associated outbreaks: two outbreaks were due to genotype 1, one was due to genotype 2, and the remaining two involved both genotypes 1 and 2. Among 26 family outbreaks and 1 children's nursery outbreak (2 to 3 members per group), the same genotype was recovered from the different members of each outbreak: 13 were due to genotype 1, and 14 were due to genotype 2. In eighteen patients reporting contact with animals and/or farms, genotype 1 was recovered from one patient and genotype 2 was recovered from the remaining 17. Among the sporadic cases, there were distinct geographical and temporal variations in the distribution of the genotypes. The spring peak in cases was due to genotype 2. Genotype 1 was significantly more common in patients infected during the late-summer–autumn peak and in those with a history of foreign travel.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and HCV genotypes among hemophiliacs in the State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil: analysis of serological and virological parameters

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Kalabric Silva ◽  
Maria Betânia Souza da Silva ◽  
Gisele Barreto Lopes ◽  
Itatiana Ferreira Rodart ◽  
Fernando Quadros Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Inhibitory Antibodies ◽  
Hcv Genotype 1 ◽  
Infection Markers

The objective of the present study was to analyze HCV serological and virological parameters from hemophiliacs in the State of Bahia. Anti-HCV was investigated by ELISA in a cohort of 268 hemophiliacs A/B who were followed-up in a reference unit for hemotherapy in the State of Bahia. HCV viremia and genotypes were also determined from a subset of 66 anti-HCV seropositive hemophiliacs. Seroprevalence among hemophiliacs was 42.2% (95% CI 36.5-48.1) and was significantly higher (p<0.05) according to age >10 years, presence of factor VIII/IX inhibitory antibodies and other infection markers. None of the hemophiliacs less than 5 years of age were anti-HCV seropositive. Viremia was detectable in 77.3% (51/66). HCV genotype 1 (74%) was the most prevalent followed by genotype 3 (22%) and genotype 2 (4%). Our results indicate that HCV prevalence is still high among hemophiliacs, although HCV transmission was not observed in young hemophiliacs.

scholarly journals Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Canadian Prison Inmates

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Farley ◽  
Victor K Wong ◽  
Henry V Chung ◽  
Elizabeth Lim ◽  
Gavin Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Standard Interferon ◽  
Interferon Alpha 2B ◽  
Genotype 2

PURPOSE: To assess sustained viral response rate and adherence to standard interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin therapy in inmates with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in Canadian penitentiaries in the Pacific region.OBJECTIVE: A retrospective chart review of all inmates with chronic HCV who were treated with standard interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin therapy between March 2001 and October 2002.RESULTS: A total of 90 male inmates were treated. The mean age at time of treatment was 40 years. There were 49 inmates with HCV genotype 1, 11 with HCV genotype 2 and 30 with HCV genotype 3. Eight inmates discontinued treatment because of intolerance to side effects. Nine inmates were stopped by the physician because of nonresponse at an average of 27 weeks. All inmates achieved at least 80% adherence of interferon and ribavirin therapy. The overall sustained virological response (SVR) was 55.9%. SVR was 31.6% for genotype 1, 100% for genotype 2 and 71.4% for genotype 3.CONCLUSION: There was excellent SVR and adherence to treatment with interferon and ribavirin. This experience highlights an important opportunity to treat a population with a high prevalence of HCV-positive persons who may otherwise not seek treatment.

scholarly journals The treatment of HCV in patients with haemoglobinopathy in Kurdistan Region, Iraq: a single centre experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1634-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. HUSSEIN ◽  
I. TUNJEL ◽  
Z. BASHARAT ◽  
A. TAHA ◽  
W. IRVING
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Sustained Virological Response ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Rapid Virological Response ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Direct Acting

SUMMARYVarious variables that might influence the rapid and sustained virological response to recombinant PEG-IFN-α-2a were explored in Iraqi HCV-infected patients with haemoglobinopathy. Forty-three patients were evaluated for the relationship between rapid virological response (RVR), IL-28B polymorphism, viral load, liver enzyme levels, blood group, ultrasound findings, or HCV genotype and the sustained virological response (SVR) achievement. The overall RVR was 55·81% while the overall SVR was 53·49%. SVR in patients that achieved RVR was 82·61% (P = 0·0004). A significant association was found between initial alanine transaminase levels and viral load with SVR achievement (P = 0·025) and (P = 0·004), respectively. Thirty-two (74%) out of 43 of our samples were host genotyped at the IL-28B locus as CC, a significant association was found between CC group and SVR achievement (P = 0·04). Of our samples, 23/43 (53%) were typed as HCV genotype 4, 10/43 (23%) as genotype 1, 9/43 (20·9%) as genotype 3 and 1/43 (2·3%) as genotype 2. A significant association was found between genotype 3 and SVR achievement (P = 0·006). Multivariate analysis showed that only RVR achievement independently associated with SVR in the Iraqi population (P = 0·00). These results can be used to classify the patients requiring the more expensive new direct-acting antiviral drugs.

scholarly journals Substitutions at NS3 Residue 155, 156, or 168 of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 2 to 6 Induce Complex Patterns of Protease Inhibitor Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7426-7436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne B. Jensen ◽  
Stéphanie B. N. Serre ◽  
Daryl G. Humes ◽  
Santseharay Ramirez ◽  
Yi-Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTVarious protease inhibitors (PIs) currently are becoming available for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). For genotype 1, substitutions at NS3 protease positions 155, 156, and 168 are the main determinants of PI resistance. For other genotypes, similar substitutions were selected during PI treatment but were not characterized systematically. To elucidate the impact of key PI resistance substitutions on genotypes 2 to 6, we engineered the substitutions R155A/E/G/H/K/Q/T, A156G/S/T/V, and D/Q168A/E/G/H/N/V into HCV recombinants expressing genotype 2 to 6 proteases. We evaluated viral fitness and sensitivity to nine PIs (telaprevir, boceprevir, simeprevir, asunaprevir, vaniprevir, faldaprevir, paritaprevir, deldeprevir, and grazoprevir) in Huh7.5 cells. We found that most variants showed decreased fitness compared to that of the original viruses. Overall, R155K, A156G/S, and D/Q168A/E/H/N/V variants showed the highest fitness; however, genotype 4 position 168 variants showed strong fitness impairment. Most variants tested were resistant to several PIs. Resistance levels varied significantly depending on the specific substitution, genotype, and PI. For telaprevir and boceprevir, specific 155 and 156, but not 168, variants proved resistant. For the remaining PIs, most genotype 2, 4, 5, and 6, but not genotype 3, variants showed various resistance levels. Overall, grazoprevir (MK-5172) had the highest efficacy against original viruses and variants. This is the first comprehensive study revealing the impact of described key PI resistance substitutions on fitness and PI resistance of HCV genotypes 2 to 6. In conclusion, the studied substitutions induced resistance to a panel of clinically relevant PIs, including the newer PIs paritaprevir, deldeprevir, and grazoprevir. We discovered complex patterns of resistance, with the impact of substitutions varying from increased sensitivity to high resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251673
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola ◽  
Nurul Adila Malek ◽  
Yusuf Wada ◽  
Nazri Mustaffa ◽  
Nur Izat Muhamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Year 2000

Known for its high genetic diversity and variation in genotypic presence in different regions of the world, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to infect about 71 million people globally. Selection of an appropriate therapeutic regimen largely depends on the identification of the genotype responsible for the infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive view of HCV genotype and subtype distribution in Southeast Asia (SEA). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched five databases without year and language restrictions. Data from 90 eligible studies involving 15,089 genotypes and 9,646 subtypes representing 10 SEA countries were analyzed. The pooled estimates showed that genotype 1 (46.8%) [95% CI, 43.2–50.4; I2 = 92.77%; p < 0.001] was the most dominant HCV genotype in the region, followed by genotype 3 (23.1%) [95% CI, 19.4–27.2; I2 = 93.03%; p < 0.001], genotype 6 (16.5%) [95% CI, 13.8–19.6], genotype 2 (4.6%) [95% CI, 3.5–5.9], genotype 4 (1.1%) [95% CI, 0.7–1.5] and genotype 5 (0.8%) [95% CI, 0.4–1.3]. Philippines had the highest prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2. Genotype 6 became more prevalent after year 2000. Over 40 different subtypes were identified, with subtypes 1b (26.3%), 1a (21.3%), and 3a (14.3%) being the most prevalent of all the reported subtypes. Although on a global scale, genotype 6 is considered highly prevalent in SEA, evidence from this study reveals that it is the third most prevalent genotype within the region.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of human parvovirus B19, indicating two subgroups of genotype 1 in Vietnamese patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 2941-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen L. Toan ◽  
Anja Duechting ◽  
Peter G. Kremsner ◽  
Le H. Song ◽  
Martin Ebinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Nucleotide Difference ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Mean

Recently, three distinct genotypes (1, 2 and 3) of human parvovirus B19 (B19) have been identified. However, the characteristics and distribution of B19 genotypes in Vietnam have not been investigated. Phylogenetic analysis using 49 subgenomic NS1/VP1u regions and two coding NS1–VP1/VP2 regions has been applied to investigate the prevalence of B19 genotypes in Vietnamese patients co-infected with Hepatitis B virus. Genetic analysis of the subgenomic NS1/VP1u region of B19 revealed that two genotypes of B19 were identified in these populations, with predominance of genotype 1 (47/49, 96 %) followed by genotype 2 (2/49, 4 %), but not genotype 3. Further, phylogenetic analysis of subgenomic B19 genomes revealed two major subgroups within genotype 1 (B19-1A and B19-1B) with an estimated nucleotide difference of >5 % between each subgroup, forming different branches. The mean percentage of amino acid variation between subgroup B19-1A and B19-1B was >2 % of the NS1, VP1 and VP2 proteins. Our results indicated that two of the three known genotypes of B19 were present in Vietnamese patients, with genotype 1 predominating, and that this genotype can be classified into at least two subgroups, B19-1A and B19-1B.

EFFICACY OF TREATMENT WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV INFECTION “UNDER REAL LIFE“ CONDITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danutė Speičienė ◽  
Lina Kotovienė ◽  
Artautas Mickevičius ◽  
Valentina Liakina ◽  
Jonas Valantinas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Genotype 2

Objective. To investigate the outcomes of combined therapy of hepatitis C (HCV) patients with peginterferon and ribavirin in ”real life” practice, to compare them with data obtained in randomized clinical trials (RCT) and to evaluate possible predictors of sustained virological response (SVR). Material and methods. The retrospective study of HCV patients routinely examined and treated in the Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos (2003−2009 yrs) was carried out. They had undergone the treatment with combination of peginterferon alfa and ribavirin according to the Lithuanian guide. Overall 203 patients were enrolled. SVR was evaluated in 179 patients. Results. The overall rate of SVR was 43 %: in 51,3 % of naives (genotype 1 − 38,8 %, genotype 2 – 100 %, genotype 3 − 82,6 % cases) and in 28,1 % of experienced patients (genotype 1 – 17 %, and genotype 3 – 64,3 % cases). Significant relations of SVR and HCV genotype was observed: 68,9 % having genotype1 were non-responders, whereas 80 % and 75,7 % ones with genotype 2 and 3 achieved SVR (p 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively). The inverse relation with the age (p 0.01), degree of fibrosis (p = 0.039) and previous unsuccessful treatment was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Data of SVR obtained „on real life“ conditions are non unambiguous: SVR of naive and experienced patients overall and those with genotype 1 were similar or slightly lower, while for patients with genotype 3 significantly higher than results presented in clinical trials. Genotype 1, previous unsuccessful antiviral treatment, older age, and advanced fibrosis were strongest negative predictors for SVR.

The Significance of the Variants Erythrovirus in Patients with Cytopenias of Unknown Origin

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4837-4837
Author(s):  
Sheila Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Juliana Pereira ◽  
Sabri Sanabani ◽  
Walter Kleine Neto ◽  
Ester Cerdeira Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Bone Marrow Plasma ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Erythrovirus are now classified in three groups: genotype 1 (prototype Pvbaua); genotype 2 (Lali prototype) and genotype 3 (V9 prototype). The role of genotypes 2 and 3 in the development of disease remains uncertain. We have recently showed that those genotypes may represent 50% of the infections in Brazil. The objective of this study is to verify if these viruses are associated with cytopenia of unknown origin. We have designed a case control study in which the prevalence of erythrovirus in the bone marrow sample was compared among cases of cytopenia of unknown origin and 2 controls: bone marrow donors (C1) and, individuals with chronic leukemia (C2). For detection of the virus a nested PCR was performed in bone marrow and plasma samples. Table 1 describes the results obtained in 68 C0, 35 C1 and 67 C2 collected during the year of 2007. The prevalence of the virus in bone marrow was the same in the 3 groups. This result suggests that erythrovirus are common in bone marrow and probably not are responsible for most of cytopenias of unknown origin. A detection of this agent only in bone marrow has little clinical relevance. Table 1. Results obtained during the year of 2007 Cases (C0) Cytopenias Control 1 (C1) Bone marrow donors Controle 2 (C2) Chronics Leukemias Bone marrow Plasma Bone marrow Plasma Bone marrow Plasma positive total positive total positive total positive total positive total positive total 6 (9%) 68 1 (1%) 68 3 (8%) 35 0 35 5 (7%) 67 0 67

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