scholarly journals A Short Verification of the Quality of Irrigation Water in the Tea-growing Districts of South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Murugesan ◽  
Jaganathan Anitha ◽  
Rajendran Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Tea Production

Background: Variations in climatic conditions, irrigation facility and insect/pest management have brought about a massive impact on tea production. Among these the quality of the irrigation water and atmosphere related uncertainties were minimizing the tea production in right quantity and quality. The water utilized for irrigation systems can vary in quality depending on the nature and amount of dissolved salts. Minerals get dissolved into the irrigation water from various sources. They start from the disintegration of the stones and soil, including the decay of lime, gypsum and others broken up soil minerals. Salts go along with the water to the place wherever it is to being utilized. On account of the evaporation and filtration by sand particles, the salts present in the irrigation water get concentrated when the crop consumes water. Methods: Quality of the irrigation water was checked by assessing the pH, electrical conductivity, cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-). For evaluating the irrigation water quality and there are seven irrigation water samples collected from seven tea planting districts (Valparai- Tamil Nadu, Coonoor - Tamil Nadu, Gudalur - Tamil Nadu, Wayanad - Kerala, Munnar - Kerala, Vandiperiyar - Kerala, Koppa - Karnataka) in the southern states of India. Result: After evaluations of water quality from various techniques indicated that the water in tea growing locations of the southern states of India is chemically sufficient for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Evaluate the Irrigation Water Quality in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2150-2154
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
World Population ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Anions And Cations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Present World

Water is one in all the foremost indispensable renewable assets and is that the elixir of life. In this present world population is increasing tremendously. Rate of technological development in industry and agriculture is also high. The mentioned top of the reason has enlarged the demand for water which is going to be a major crisis in next to the upcoming future. Quality of groundwater was assessed by collecting sixty-six sampling spots in January 2017(Post monsoon) and May 2017(pre monsoon) Irrigation water quality interpretation was done by using Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), USSL classification, Doneen’s classification and Wilcox’s classification. The influence of anions and cations was done by Piper’s trilinear diagram. Groundwater quality for irrigation purpose during premonsoon season is in doubtful category in almost all parts of the study area.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Irrigation Water Quality: A Case Study of the Bahr Mouise Canal, Eastern Nile Delta

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod ◽  
Ali A. Aldosari ◽  
Ahmed S. Elrys ◽  
Elsayed Said Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality

Water scarcity and suitable irrigation water management in arid regions represent tangible challenges for sustainable agriculture. The current study aimed to apply multivariate analysis and to develop a simplified water quality assessment using principal component analysis (PCA) and the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) technique to assess the water quality of the Bahr Mouise canal in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The proposed methods depended on the monitored water chemical composition (e.g., pH, water electrical conductivity (ECiw), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) during 2019. Based on the supervised classification of satellite images (Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)), the distinguished land use/land cover types around the Bahr Mouise canal were agriculture, urban, and water bodies, while the dominating land use was agriculture. The water quality of the Bahr Mouise canal was classified into two classes based on the application of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), while the water quality was classified into three classes using the PCA and AHC methods. Temporal variations in water quality were investigated, where the water qualities in winter, autumn, and spring (January, February, March, April, November, and December) were classified as class I (no restrictions) based on IWQI application, and the water salinity, sodicity, and/or alkalinity did not represent limiting factors for irrigation water quality. On the other hand, in the summer season (May, June, July, August, and October), the irrigation water was classified as class II (low restrictions); therefore, irrigation processes during summer may lead to an increase in the alkalinity hazard. The PCA classifications were compared with the IWQI results; the PCA classifications had similar assessment results during the year, except in September, while the water quality was assigned to class II using the PCA method and class I by applying the IWQI. Furthermore, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) around the Bahr Mouise canal over eight months and climatic data assisted in explaining the fluctuations in water quality during 2019 as a result of changing the crop season and agriculture management. Assessments of water quality help to conserve soil, reduce degradation risk, and support decision makers in order to obtain sustainable agriculture, especially under water irrigation scarcity and the limited agricultural land in such an arid region.

scholarly journals Organic fertilizers as mitigating effects of water salinity on Passiflora cincinnata seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-511
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Toshik Larley Da Silva ◽  
Lunara De Sousa Alves ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
State University ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora cincinnata) is a species adapted to the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region and widely used as rootstock, however, studies related to the production of seedlings and their resistance to abiotic stresses are scarce in literature. The objective was to study the production of maracujá-do-mato seedlings under the effect of the electrical conductivity on the irrigation water as a function of the application of organic fertilizers. The experiment was developed at the State University of Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha-PB, in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with 6 replicates. The factors evaluated were five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw: 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 dS m-1) and application of three organic fertilizers (bovine urine, bovine biofertilizer and liquid earthworm humus). It was verified that the increase of ECw affected the morphology and the quality of the seedlings negatively, while the bovine biofertilizer presented better efficiency in comparison to the others. It is inferred that the use of organic fertilizers as mitigating effects of salinity may be a strategy for production of maracujá-do-mato seedlings in saline conditions.

Microbiological Water Quality Requirements for Salad Irrigation in the United Kingdom

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. TYRREL ◽  
J. W. KNOX ◽  
E. K. WEATHERHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
The United Kingdom

The growth in United Kingdom salad production is dependent on irrigation to maintain product quality. There are concerns that irrigation with poor-quality water could pose a disease risk. This article examines the key issues in the emerging debate on the microbiological quality of water used for salad irrigation in the United Kingdom. The links between irrigation water quality and foodborne disease, and the current international guidance on irrigation water quality, are firstly reviewed. The findings indicate that a number of recent food-poisoning outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and that unhygienic product handling is implicated as the principal source of contamination. There is also credible evidence that salads contaminated in the field, including by irrigation water, can pose a small disease risk at the point of sale. Although irrigation water–quality standards exist in various forms internationally, there is no nationally agreed on standard used in the United Kingdom. This paper then describes the results of a survey conducted in 2003 of United Kingdom irrigation practices that might influence the microbiological quality of salads. The survey showed that surface water is the principal irrigation water source, that overhead irrigation predominates, that the gap between the last irrigation and harvest may be &lt;24 h in many cases, and that current water-quality monitoring practices are generally very limited in scope. This paper concludes with a discussion of the issues emerging from the review and survey, including the need for improved water-quality monitoring, and the problems associated with establishing water-quality standards that could be either too strict or too lax.

Monitoring water quality of Coimbatore wetlands, Tamil Nadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Chandra ◽  
K. A. Nishadh ◽  
P. A. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu

scholarly journals Study of Irrigation Water Quality of Agricultural Projects in Misurata Area, Misurata. Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Yosef Basher Al Sadea ◽  
, Rafallah Mohamed Attya ◽  
Mostafa Ali Benzaghta ◽  
Mohammed Mansour Aljaer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Area Of Study

The groundwater is considered as essential resources for Irrigation in Misurata city, this type of Irrigation suffered to some problems affecting their quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate, a physiochemical and biological parameters of wells water in Misurata Area during the period between November 2016 to December 2018. The area of study about 70 Km distance between Tawarq and Eldafina was divided into eight lines per appendicular to sea cost. Five water sample were taken for each line, in which the distance about 20 Km between each line. The pH, SO4, HCO3, Ca, and D.O were within the permissible levels a according to FAO standard as well as, SAR, RSC, SSP were acceptable while EC, TDS, Cl-, K+ and Mg++, were higher than the standard, moreover, the temperature, was normal in all the samples. The heavy metals values of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were within the standard. In general, the results showed that high values of EC, TDS, Cl-, and Mg++ were the main reasons which lead to the deterioration of water irrigation. Therefore, the water was inadequate for agricultural purpose without any treatment such as desalination to reduce the salinity, Also the results of microbiologic analysis showed a contamination in most sample.

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