scholarly journals Oat Floral Biology and Factors Affecting Seed Set

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshavardan J. Hilli ◽  
Rahul Kapoor ◽  
Amandeep .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
North Western

In India, oat is grown as fodder crop during Rabi season in north-western and central parts of the country and is now even extending to eastern region as well. The only commercially cultivated species in the genus Avena are Avena sativa, Avena nuda and Avena byzantine. Oat flowers are bit delicate when compared to other cereal floral structure and seed set is influenced by many factors during artificial hybridisation. This paper includes about floral biology of oat crop and also the various factors responsible for seed set during hybridisation viz effect of Interval Between Emasculation and Pollination, effect of temperature for seed set and any Injury to floral Parts during hybridisation.

Dynamics of Farm Power Sources and their Availability in Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM K. SUNDARAM ◽  
BIKAS SARKAR ◽  
PAWAN JEET ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR PATEL ◽  
ANUKUL P ANURAG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
National Average ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
North Western

The production levels of agriculture have remained low in eastern region of India mainly due to lack of location-specific production technologies, natural calamities like floods, water logging, drought, inadequate timely supply of critical inputs and social constraints. Bihar is one of the important agrarian states of Eastern India. The crop yields are low and almost stagnating in Bihar compared to the north-western and other parts of the country. To improve the productivity in this region mechanization of farms is of critical importance. The farm power availability in Bihar in 2017 is 2.80 kW/ha and is more than the national average of 2.03 kW/ha. Still there are 14 districts in Bihar which is below national average. The number of marginal farmers has increased from 84.18 to 91.21 during 2014-17, an increase of 7.03 percent. Increase in Small and fragmented land will further hindrance the farm mechanization process. The present study was conducted to understand dynamics of farm power availability in Bihar, so as to take substantial measures for improved mechanization and in turn crop productivity in the region.

Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gribel ◽  
John D. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

Evaluation of innovative development of housing construction in the partition of federal districts

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-223
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
North Western

The aim of the study is to assess the innovative potential of housing construction through determining the purchasing power of citizens acquiring housing in the property. In terms of hypothesis the study offers the term of acquiring housing in property as a criterion for this assessment. This indicator displays the change in the purchasing power of citizens under the influence of various externalities. The analysis of this indicator allows us to determine the influence of these factors on the change in the purchasing power of population, to identify the reserves that contribute to its increase, and to identify the policies aimed at innovative development of construction industry. The article assesses the innovative development of housing through an in-depth analysis of factors affecting the change in the term of housing acquisition in the Russian Federation at large, as well as in the context of individual subjects of the Central and North-Western Federal Districts of Russia in the period from 2017 to 2018.

Solution Chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Christopher O. Oriakhi
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ionic Compounds ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Solution Chemistry discusses the solution process, properties of solutions, saturated solutions and solubility, and factors affecting the solubility of solutes. Several quantitative measures of concentration are explained: percent by mass, parts per million, molarity, molality, normality and mole fraction. A systematic method of solving solubility problems is reviewed and several illustrative examples provided. Solubility is described as an equilibrium process with emphasis on the effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility of solute. The relationship between solubility and temperature for ionic compounds is illustrated by solubility curves. Henry’s law, which expresses the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its solubility, is discussed.

scholarly journals Study on Designing Sulfur Containing Bifunctional Building Block with Improved Refractive Index

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Jha ◽  
P. Chhabra ◽  
G. Suri ◽  
M. Tyagi ◽  
P. Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Sulfur and chlorine containing bifunctional diols with C-S bond has been prepared starting from chloroepoxy alkane and thioalcohol. The studies of FTIR, TLC, HPLC and NMR have been used to understand the reaction mechanism, as well as for optimization of the reaction parameters. The reaction is highly exothermic and the effect of temperature, rate of addition of reagents and reaction time are important factors affecting the formation of diol. Viscosity studies, HPLC, FTIR, NMR and acid number studies have shown that, these parameters could be used as process control parameters for the synthesis of diol. Refractive index of the synthesized diol is found to be higher than that of the reactants used.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Latent Infection of Prune Fruit by Monilinia fructicola

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Commercial Harvest

Experiments were conducted in three prune orchards in California. In each orchard, inoculations with Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, were performed on branches of trees at bloom and fruit developmental stages. Five inoculum concentrations were used in each inoculation. Six and four wetness durations were created for each inoculum concentration at bloom and fruit developmental stages, respectively. Fruit were harvested 3 weeks before commercial harvest. The overnight freezing incubation technique was used to promote sporulation and to determine incidence of latent infection (ILI) of fruit brown rot. No differences in ILI among locations were found. A seasonal pattern of bloom and fruit susceptibility to latent infection was determined. Susceptibility to latent infection at bloom stage was at a moderate level and increased to reach the highest level at pit hardening stage. Subsequently, fruit susceptibility to latent infection decreased, reaching the lowest level in early June at embryo growth stage. Thereafter, the susceptibility increased again with fruit development and maturity until harvest. Linear relationships between ILI and inoculum concentration were obtained for most combinations of growth stage and wetness duration. Incidence of latent infection increased linearly with increased wetness duration at bloom stage and increased exponentially with increased wetness duration at early and late fruit developmental stages. The optimum temperatures for latent infection at pit hardening stage ranged from 14 to 18°C, but the effect of temperature on latent infection was reduced at resistant stages. The temperature range favorable to latent infection varied for different wetness durations.

Flower initiation in pasture legumes. I. Factors affecting flower initiation in Trifolium subterraneum L.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Precise Knowledge

The value of the annual legume Trifolium subterraneum L. (subterranean clover) in Australian agriculture warrants more precise knowledge of factors affecting flowering and prolific seeding. The effect of temperature and photoperiod on flower initiation in early and later flowering varieties has been investigated in an effort to determine the geographical limits of the use of subterranean clover in Australia. At any time of sowing, the length of the growing season of a variety depends greatly on the variety's response to the temperature level and to the photoperiod of the first few weeks after germination. In all varieties of subterranean clover so far examined flower initiation is accelerated by a period of low temperature. In the later varieties, flower initiation is prevented by an insufficient period of low temperature. The length of the necessary cold period is shortened under longer photoperiod. Early varieties are early flowering because they do not require so long a cold period or so low a temperature as late varieties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document