scholarly journals Anthropometry of Female Agricultural Workers of Madhya Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Potdar ◽  
K.N. Agrawal ◽  
Prabhakar Shukla ◽  
Bikram Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

Most of the agricultural operations in India are performed manually with hand tools and equipment by female agricultural workers. This prompted designers to use female anthropometric data in designing of farm equipment and workplaces in order to reduce drudgery, to enhance safety, to improve performance, productivity and efficiency. A study was conducted to collect the anthropometric data of selected 30 female agricultural workers in the age group of 22-54 years from Madhya Pradesh state. For design of agricultural tools, equipment and workplaces the important, thirty eight body dimensions including weight were identified and measured. The values of mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum, maximum, coefficient of variation (CV) and 1st, 5th, 50th, 95th and 99th percentile values were calculated of selected body dimensions. The mean weight and stature of female agricultural workers were found to be 53 kg and 1536 mm, respectively. A large variation in anthropometric dimensions in the anthropometric data of female farm workers of different states of India and other countries was observed. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were calculated among selected anthropometric dimensions of subjects. The correlation coefficients of measured data varied from 0.65-0.98.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Characteristics and Outcomes in an Educational Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. Al-Jewair ◽  
V. Ryan ◽  
S. Warunek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

Background. To assess and correlate orthodontic treatment characteristics and outcomes in an educational setting. Methods. A total of 287 patients were included. Independent chart reviews were conducted to gather demographic and pretreatment diagnostic information. Posttreatment digital records were graded with the ABO C-R Eval and the CCA methods. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine associations between variables. Results. Of the 287 patients, 122 (42.5%) were male and 165 (57.5%) were female. The total average treatment time was 33.87 ± 10.28 months, with a range from 11 to 75 months. The mean ABO C-R Eval score was 29.10 ± 8.59 points. The parameters with the highest scores were buccolingual inclination and occlusal contacts. The mean CCA score was 3.36 ± 2.05 points. The highest scores were recorded for dental esthetics and management of the periodontium. Higher ABO DI scores were weakly correlated with longer treatment times (r = 0.258; p<0.001). ABO C-R Eval scores showed a weakly significant association with treatment duration (r = 0.162; p=0.006), while CCA scores were moderately associated with treatment duration (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Conclusions. As treatment duration increased, the total ABO C-R Eval and CCA scores tended to increase; thus, quality of treatment outcomes decreased. A significant positive correlation was also found with the ABO DI score and treatment duration.

Parabrachial gustatory neural activity during licking by rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishijo ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Paired T Test

1. A total of 51 single neurons was recorded from the pontine parabrachial nuclei of three rats being given sapid stimuli either via intraoral infusions or during spontaneous licking behavior. In 46 neurons, sapid stimuli elicited significant taste responses; of these, 28 responded best to NaCl, 15 to sucrose, 2 to citric acid, and 1 to quinine HCl. The remaining five neurons responded significantly only to water. The mean spontaneous rate of taste neurons during the intraoral infusion and licking sessions was 11.1 +/- 1.1 and 10.8 +/- 1.2 (SE) spikes/s, respectively. 2. Of the 39 neurons tested during both licking and intraoral infusions, four responded significantly only to water via either route. The remaining 35 neurons responded significantly to at least some sapid stimuli. The best-stimulus categories remained the same regardless of the route of fluid delivery (24 NaCl best, 10 sucrose best, 1 citric acid best). When the rats were licking the stimuli, nine taste neurons responded significantly to only one sapid chemical [6 Na specific (Ns) and 3 sucrose specific (Ss)] but were more broadly tuned during intraoral infusions. Conversely, three taste neurons that responded specifically during intraoral infusions (3 Na specific) were not as specific when the animal licked the same fluids. 3. Thirty-five taste neurons were tested via both stimulus routes. These data were compared in three ways. First, for each neuron, the responses elicited during licking and intraoral infusions were compared for each of the four standard sapid stimuli. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the 35 taste neurons ranged from 0.9997 to 0.6785, with a mean at 0.953 +/- 0.012 (SE). The second comparison was between stimulus routes across chemicals. With the use of raw responses, the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl ranged from 0.925 to 0.778 (t test, P less than 0.0001). With the activity elicited by water subtracted (corrected responses), the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl were 0.900, 0.795, 0.369, and 0.211, respectively. The coefficient for QHCl was not significant (t test, P greater than 0.05). Finally, the mean responses to NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid delivered by both routes were compared and found not to differ (paired t test, P greater than 0.05). 4. In separate hierarchical cluster analyses for the licking and infusion data, the largest cluster in each contained all of the Na-best neurons and the next largest, all of the sucrose-best cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Static Anthropometric Characteristics of Bangladeshi Vehicle Driver: A Case Study

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Halder ◽  
E. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Working Efficiency

Background. Inappropriate design of sitting furniture and working equipment causes the serious musculoskeletal injuries and various pains as well as reducing working efficiency. Uncomfortable sitting posture in prolonged driving in Bangladesh is an issue to be solved immediately. Therefore, anthropometric databank of user population is significantly essential for the suitable dimensional design for avoiding these remarkable problems.Methods. This study analyses the anthropometric data of the Bangladeshi male vehicle driver aged between 30 and 60 years. A total of 210 Bangladeshi healthy drivers are considered for 15 anthropometric measurements and compared with the similar anthropometrics of other nationalities.Results.The mean stature and sitting height erect of Bangladeshi driver are 1645 mm and 843 mm, respectively. The mean of body mass index (BMI) of the drivers is 26.09 kg/m2, which indicates that the drivers are overweight. The mean stature of Bangladeshi driver is 17 mm shorter than the driver of Korea and 115 mm shorter than the driver of Iran.Conclusion. There are substantial differences between the body dimensions of Bangladeshi driver and similar dimensions of other countries. In comparison, Bangladeshi driver is found to be the shortest compared with the sample of other nationalities.

scholarly journals Environmental Estimation of Radiation Equivalent Dose Rates in Soils and Waters of Northern Calabria (Italy)

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ilaria Guagliardi ◽  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Ernesto Infusino ◽  
Giovanni Callegari ◽  
Nicola Ricca
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
The Mean

In this study, the equivalent dose rate of natural radionuclides ( H T ) in 99 spring water and surface soil samples was determined using an alpha, beta, and gamma high sensitivity detector up within a Geiger-Muller tube and with an external probe NaI (Tl). The samples were collected in the Crati basin (southern Italy), and during sample collection, water quality parameters were detected in situ and at the University of Calabria laboratories. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to identify and clarify the relationships between water physical-chemical properties and soil and water radioactivity. Results show that the mean H T for spring waters is 97.07 μSv/h. Furthermore, the mean H T for surface soils is 97.92 μSv/h, thus evidencing higher mean H T values than worldwide ones reported in a previous literature. Low correlation coefficients were detected between water H T and conductivity and pH. On the contrary, a reasonable correlation was found between H T in spring water and in soil. This relationship is associated with some rocks of the Sila Massif and of Coastal Chain, i.e., plutonic and metamorphic crystalline rocks. Finally, the estimation of the health risk was calculated: results did not evidence serious dangers for people living in the studied environment. The results from this survey for the H T evaluation provide an extensive assessment of the background exposure levels in the investigated area.

scholarly journals FC 121THE UPTAKE OF PET RADIOTRACER 18 F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE BY THE RENAL ALLOGRAFT SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATES WITH THE ACUTE BANFF SCORES OF CORTEX INFLAMMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Weekers ◽  
Pierre Lovinfosse ◽  
Hans Pottel ◽  
Antoine Bouquegneau ◽  
Catherine Bonvoisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
18Fdg Pet ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) is associated with the recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes into the renal transplant, which corresponds to the core of the conventional Banff classification. The boosted metabolism of these inflammatory cells can be assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) quantifying the renal uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG). The correlation of biopsy-based Banff versus PET-based scores of acute inflammation in the renal transplant is unknown. Method From January 2013 to December 2019, we prospectively performed 114 18FDG-PET/CT in 105 adult KTR who underwent per cause transplant biopsy for suspected TCMR. Biopsy-proven polyoma-BK nephropathies (n=7) and uninterpretable PET images (n=2) were excluded. PET/CT was performed 194±19 minutes after administration of 243±35 MBq of 18FDG, before any immunosuppression change. The mSUVs were measured in both upper and lower poles of the renal allograft. The acute Banff score was conventionally defined as the sum (from 0 to 15) of g (glomerulitis), ptc (peritubular capillaritis), t (tubulitis), i (inflammation in non-scarred cortex) and v (endarteritis). The Banff “total i” score (from 0 to 3) corresponds to the total cortical inflammation, including scarred and non-scarred cortex. Regression of mSUV against the acute Banff score was performed, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The distribution of mSUV between “total i” groups was assessed by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. Results The mean age of the cohort was 51.5±14.3 years, with M/F ratio of 67/38. The prevalence of biopsy-proven TCMR and borderline was 20.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The mean mSUV of the 105-case cohort was 1.82±0.45. The highest value of acute Banff score was 12, while 55.2% of biopsies were scored as 0. The distribution of “Total i” score was: 0 (58.8%); 1 (20.6%); 2 (8.8%); 3 (11.8%). Regression showed a significant correlation between mSUV and acute Banff score (p&lt;0.0001), with adjusted R² of 0.38. The mSUV value was significantly different between subgroups of “Total i” (p, 0.0047), with 2.33±0.76 in score 3 versus 1.68±0.24 in score 1. Conclusion 18FDG-PET/CT may help noninvasively assess the degree of allograft inflammation in KTR with suspected TCMR.

Cross-Validation of Single-Stage Treadmill Tests for Predicting Aerobic Fitness in Adolescents With Type I Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
Shelby L. Francis ◽  
Ajay Singhvi ◽  
Eva Tsalikian ◽  
Michael J. Tansey ◽  
Kathleen F. Janz
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Purpose:Determining fitness is important when assessing adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Submaximal tests estimate fitness, but none have been validated in this population. This study cross-validates the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations to predict fitness (VO2max (ml/kg/min)) in adolescents with T1DM.Methods:Adolescents with T1DM (n = 20) completed a maximal treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Participants completed one 4-min stage between 2.0 and 4.5 mph and 5% grade (Ebbeling/Nemeth protocol). Speed and grade were then increased until exhaustion. Predicted VO2max was calculated using the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations and compared with observed VO2max using paired t tests. Pearson correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, coefficients of determination (R2), and total error (TE) were calculated.Results:The mean observed VO2max was 47.0 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9); the Ebbeling and Nemeth mean predictions were 42.4 (SD = 9.4) and 43.5 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9), respectively. Paired t tests resulted in statistically significant (p < .01) mean differences between observed and predicted VO2max for both predictions. The association between the Ebbeling prediction and observed VO2max was r = .90 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.96), R2 = .81, and TE = 6.5 ml/kg/min. The association between the Nemeth prediction and observed VO2max was r = .81 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.92), R2 = .66, and TE = 5.6 ml/kg/min.Conclusion:The Nemeth submaximal treadmill protocol provides a better estimate of fitness than the Ebbeling in adolescents with T1DM.

Measurement of Subpubic Angle in Radiograph

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Prakash Kayastha ◽  
Sundar Suwal ◽  
Leena Shrestha ◽  
Sharma Paudel ◽  
Shanta Lall Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Symphysis Pubis ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubic Rami ◽  
Equality Of Means ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Border

Introduction: Subpubic angle, an important parameter used for sex determination in the pelvis, is the angle between two inferior pubic rami below the symphysis pubis. This study was carried out to determine the subpubic angle among the individuals referred for pelvic and KUB radiographs in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was done on 120 individuals. The subpubic angle was measured by drawing two tangent lines on the inferior border of the pubic rami. The subpubic angle of both sexes was measured. An independent sample t-test for equality of means was used to determine the difference between the two sexes regarding the subpubic angle. The correlation between the subpubic angle and the age of subjects was obtained using Pearson Correlation Coefficients in males and females.Results: The range of the subpubic angle in male was 82o to 122° and the mean was 104.72°±10.47°. In females, the range was 96o to 159° and the mean was 137.15°±11.92° with a significant statistical difference from the angle in male (p<0.05). The subpubic angle was not significantly correlated with age in males (r=0.029, p=0.824) whereas, in females, the correlation of subpubic angle with age was significant (r=-0.303, p=0.019).Conclusion: The mean subpubic angle was significantly wider in females than in males in this study. We found a weak negative correlation between subpubic angle and age in females whereas in the male there was no correlation between age and subpubic angle.

scholarly journals Validation of a food frequency questionnaire designed for adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Márcia Oliveira MASCARENHAS ◽  
Rita de Cássia Ribeiro SILVA ◽  
Maria Ester Pereira Conceição MACHADO ◽  
Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles SANTOS ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo MARCHIONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study assessed the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire used to assess food intake in adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Seventy adolescents enrolled in public schools aged 11 to 17 years participated in this study. The dietary intake of the adolescents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the mean value of three-day food record, used as the reference method. The mean (and standard deviation) energy and nutrient intakes estimated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire and food records were calculated. The paired Student's t test was used to determine differences between the data. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics were used to measure the strength of the association between the two instruments. There was variation in the crude unadjusted (r=0.61-0.73) and deattenuated (r=0.33-0.99) Pearson correlation coefficients. After adjusting for energy, the crude and deattenuated coefficients ranged from r=0.53-0.81 and r=0.27-0.99, respectively. The intake of energy and most nutrients were found to be adequate, except for fiber (r=0.27) and calcium (r=0.33), which showed a weak correlation. Kappa statistics showed good correlation between all values varying from r=0.47 to 0.73. Conclusion: It is considered that an average r value greater than 0.40 indicates a good correlation, the results obtained indicate the good ability of the Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess individuals according to their usual intake of most nutrients.

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