scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Maize Planters in Conservation Agriculture under Black Cotton Soil of Central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Sawant ◽  
K. P. Singh ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
Brij Lal Lakaria ◽  
Anurag Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Central India ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Field Efficiency

The present study was conducted at ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal research farm to study the effect of no-till planters such as inclined plate planter and broad bed shaper-cum-planter on yield, energetics and economics of maize crop production and compared with conventional practices of maize sowing using seed-cum-fertilizer drill. The maize hybrid variety of DMRH-1303 was sown in kharif season of 2019 using inclined plate planter and broad bed shaper-cum-planter under wheat residue load 8 t/ha (HI-1544). The wheat was harvested by combine harvester and its residue was chaffed using shredder. The actual field capacity and field efficiency of inclined plate planter, broad bed shaper-cum-planter and seed-cum-fertilizer drill were observed as 0.31, 0.32 and 0.39 ha/h and 51.67, 58.18 and 76.47%, respectively. The energy consumption for shredding of wheat straw was 399.31 MJ/ha. The energy consumption was maximum in case of sowing with convention seed drill (1965.30 MJ/ha) including single pass of each cultivator and rotavator, which was followed by broad bed shaper-cum-planter under permanent bed condition (792.39 MJ/ha) and inclined plate planter under permanent bed condition (468.77 MJ/ha). The broad bed shaper-cum-planter and inclined plate planter saved energy consumption by 59.7% and 76.14%, respectively as compared to conventional seed-cum-fertilizer drill.The use of inclined plate planter (Rs. 652 per ha) or broad bed former-cum-planter (Rs. 664 per ha) could save 67% in cost of operation compared to seed-cum-fertilizer drill (Rs. 2017 per ha).

Development of Three Row Self-Propelled Zero till Direct Seeded Rice Planter Cum Fertilizer Applicator

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Rashmi Anil Bangale
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Depth Control ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Field Efficiency

The agricultural operational holding in India is about 1.15 ha and 85.01 per cent belongs to marginal holdings (below 2 ha). This data shows an economic condition of the Indian farmer, which doesn’t allow him to adopt advanced agricultural machineries. Considering the situation of Indian farmer, we developed a prototype of three row self-propelled zero till direct seeded rice planter cum fertilizer applicator. This machine helps to plant a dry rice seed along with the fertilizer application with zero tillage condition. The machine includes inclined plate metering mechanism for seed; cup feed metering mechanism for fertilizer, seed cum fertilizer hopper, ground wheel, depth control wheels, inverted T furrow openers, 5 hp engine as a prime mover, power transmission system, adjustable handle, lever and rigid main frame to support all the parts and drive wheels. Machine is divided into two parts viz., prime mover part and planter cum fertilizer applicator part. Both parts can be separated from each other. The machine places the rice seed up to average depth of 25-40 mm and spacing between hills is observed to be 130-160 mm along with an average 20 cm of row spacing. The average field capacity at an average speed of 2.3 km.h-1 is observed to be 0.115 ha.h-1 for operating rice seeds. The field efficiency is observed to be 86.9 per cent. The operational cost is observed to be around 69.28 per cent less than the manual planting of rice seedling and also the man hour’s requirement is very less than the manual planting.

scholarly journals Crop-machinery management system for field operations and adopted planning techniques for plantation sugar cane production

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Adisa Folami ◽  
Eberendu Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Cost

Major objectives of farm mechanization are to maximize production at minimum risks and optimum cost of equipment usage by good management planning and operation of machines to carry out sequence crop production operations for the whole farming system. Hence this study was needed at Sunti Golden Sugar Company, Nigeria to determine cost of equipment use and select appropriate tractor power and machinery for the crop cultivation, crop establishment, weed control, cane harvesting and transporting to the store for post-harvest processing for future target of 4,770 ha of sugar cane farm. Based on agricultural farm size, field operational planning factors like soil, weather/environmental conditions, each implement matched with appropriate tractor size was calculated. Costs of equipment use, ownership and operational costs for implements and tractors were also calculated. A well-drawn cropping field operations calendar was very important for crop and operational sequencing was recommended and was put in-place since the operations overlaps with multi-periods. As part of the recommendation, during the planned equipment downtime, major repairs and maintenance were to be carried out before critical field operation's period to improve pre-field and in-field efficiency for effective equipment and field operational planning and management. Determined are the values of each implement field capacity within allotted time available, actual number of implement/tractor power required, fuel and oil consumption per unit time for the sugar cane cultivation, harvesting and transporting operations at the sugar cane farm. Also appropriate earth-moving and earthwork equipment for road, irrigation and drainage structural works were also selected.

scholarly journals Performance of Mid-Size Combine Harvester of Grain Corn on the Field Efficiency and Energy Consumption at the Northern Johor of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairie Masroon ◽  
Nazmi Mat Nawi ◽  
Azmi Yahya ◽  
Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery ◽  
Mohamed Ezzeldien Salih Amin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency

A mid-size combine harvester with 2.76 m reaping width and 103.53 hp engine output has been employed in grain corn production, especially by small-scale grain corn farmers. This study attempted to determine field performances of a typical mid-size combine harvester by measuring its effective field capacity (EFC), field efficiency (FE), fuel consumption (FC) and field machine index (FMI). Different types of energy inputs such as fuel, machinery, human, included direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy involved in grain corn harvesting were also measured. The field measurements were carried out in 3 ha of grain corn farm, under similar field conditions using a typical mid-size combine harvester. The average values of EFC, FE, FC and FMI for the mid-size combine harvester were found to be 0.23 ha/h, 34.97%, 37.25 lit/ha and 0.91, respectively. The average equivalent energy values of fuel, machinery and human energy were 1780.70 MJ/ha, 587.73 MJ/ha and 8.53 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of the direct and indirect energy were 1789.23 MJ/ha and 587.73 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of renewable and non-renewable energy were recorded at 8.53 MJ/ha and 2368.42 MJ/ha, respectively. The mid-size combine harvester investigated in this study exhibited good field performance characteristic using a reasonable amount of energy consumption as compared to harvesting operation for other grain crops. From the results, it can be concluded that good practice in harvesting operation could improve field performance, and minimise operational costs and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Comparison of Straw Chopper cum Incorporator with Existing Paddy Residue Management Technologies in Combine Harvested Paddy Field at North Western Region of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Chelpuri Ramulu ◽  
Raj Narayan Pateriya ◽  
Mude Arjun Naik
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Burning of paddy residue is major problem which leads to adverse affect on our environment. Management of crop residues in conservation agriculture is vital for long-term sustainability of Indian agriculture. The straw chopper cum incorporator machine consists of chopping unit, incorporation unit, adjustable frame, pulleys and belts. The power is transmitted to the chopping unit and incorporation unit by tractor (55.95 kW) PTO with the help of gear box, belt, pulley and gear arrangement. The fuel consumption, field capacity and field efficiency of residue management machine were observed 12.5-14.0 l/h, 0.43-0.64 ha/h and 60.46% respectively. Cost economics of straw chopper cum incorporator machine was compared with existing technologies adopted by farmers i.e. straw chopper + 2 rotavator practice and 6 harrowing + rotavator + planker practice. The cost of operation of straw chopper cum incorporator machine was observed 4272.8 Rs.ha-1 lower than existing technologies. The break even point (BEP), pay back period and benefit cost (B:C) ratio of the Straw chopper cum incorporator machine were 45ha, 0.7 years and 1.17 respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the Straw chopper cum incorporator machine can be recommended to the farmers for paddy residue management of combine harvested paddy field.

scholarly journals Upscaling and Evaluation of BARI Inclined Plate Planter

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M A Hoque ◽  
M R Karim
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Base Plates

The BARI inclined plate planter was developed for one pass tillage and seeding operation. But the planter was not capable of planting small seeds as seeds were entering between the plate and base. So, six additional MS base plates were incorporated in the planter. Three plates were redesigned and fabricated for maize seed (9 cells); for wheat, mungbean, lentil, jute, etc (32 cells) and for rice seed (11 cells). Changing of inclination of the plate is needed to use same (32 seed cell) plates for different crops and to calibrate the planter for 10% more or less seed than the predefined rates. Field test of BARI developed inclined plate planter was conducted in Gazipur, Pabna, and Barisal and its performance were evaluated. The planter was tested for sowing maize, wheat and mungbean during 2011-12. Effective field capacity and field efficiency were 0.17 ha/h and 75%, respectively. Coefficient of seed distribution uniformity and coefficient of planting depth uniformity were 97 and 94%, respectively. Time and cost saving to complete land preparation and planting of maize by inclined plate planter were 90 and 86%, respectively than conventional hand planting. The payback period of the BARI planter is 1.20 year. Break-even use time is 97 hours.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 01-08

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of power-operated reapers for harvesting rice at farmers’ field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Anwar Hossen ◽  
AKM Saiful Islam ◽  
Monjurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
User Friendly

Harvesting is one of the major labor intensive works in rice cultivation. Appropriate harvesting machinery is urgently needed to reduce labor and production costs. Production cost of rice becomes high due to labor shortage and high wage rate during harvesting time. Techno-economic performance of Korean self-propelled reaper (KR), China self-propelled reaper (CR) and BRRI reaper (BR) were evaluated in order to identify the field constrains and problems of the reapers at Mithapukur of Rangpur, Bangladesh during Aman season of 2013. The actual field capacities of the KR, CR and BR were found 0.18, 0.17 and 0.15 ha h–1with the corresponding field efficiency of 55, 68 and 56%, respectively. The variation of field capacity among the models was due to turning time losses, weight of the reaper and operator’s skill. The fuel consumption of the reapers was 4.11, 2.61 and 8.39 l ha–1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The shattering loss of paddy harvesting was 1.66, 1.50 and 1.45% for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The break-even area of the reapers was 9.15, 7.82 and 8.43 ha yr-1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. It is evident that the reaper could be used successfully as labor saving and user friendly technology to eliminate post-harvest problems in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 144-150, April 2018

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering untuk Pengembangan Jagung di Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Anny Mulyani ◽  
Mamat Haris Suwanda
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Annual Rainfall

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Wilayah Nusa Tenggara mempunyai lahan kering beriklim kering seluas 4,9 juta ha dengan curah hujan &lt;2.000 mm/tahun dan bulan kering 5-10 bulan, bersolum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Sebagian lahan tersebut sudah dimanfaatkan menjadi lahan pertanian terutama jagung, akibatnya produktivitas tanaman jagung rendah dibandingkan potensi genetiknya, yaitu sekitar 2,5 ton/ha di NTT dan 5,3 ton/ha di NTB dibanding dengan potensi genetiknya 9 ton/ha. Sejak tahun 2010-2015, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian telah mengembangkan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering beriklim kering dan berbatu di beberapa kabupaten di NTT dan NTB, meliputi penyediaan sumberdaya air (dam parit, embung, tampung renteng mini, sumur dangkal), pengenalan varietas unggul baru dan budidaya tanaman pangan. Pembelajaran yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan air menjadi titik ungkit untuk meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan produktivitas tanaman. Inovasi teknologi yang dibutuhkan petani adalah, mudah diterapkan, biaya murah, dan efisien tenaga kerja mendorong berlanjutnya teknologi tersebut meskipun progam tersebut telah selesai. Pada tahun 2014-2018 telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pertanian konservasi melalui dana hibah barang dan jasa yang dikelola FAO. Prinsip dasar pertanian konservasi terdiri atas 3 pilar, yaitu olah tanah terbatas berupa lubang olah permanen, penutupan permukaan tanah, rotasi/tumpangsari. Lubang tanam tersebut diberi pupuk kandang atau kompos, dan ditanami jagung pada 4 penjuru lubang, dan ditumpangsarikan dengan berbagai kacang-kacangan atau tanaman merambat seperti labu kuning yang berfungsi sebagai penutup tanah dan penghasilan tambahan dari kacang-kacangan berumur pendek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah sebelum dan sesudah implementasi pertanian konservasi menunjukkan bahwa pertanian konservasi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, retensi air dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The Nusa Tenggara region has upland area with dry climate of 4.9 million ha, less than 2,000 mm annual rainfall, 5-10 dry months, shallow and rocky soils. Some of the land has been used for agricultural development, especially corn, resulting in low corn productivity of around 2.5 tons / ha in NTT and 5.3 tons / ha in NTB as compared to it genetic potential 9 tons /ha. Since 2010-2015, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development has developed innovation of soil management technology for upland with dry climates and and rocky soils in several districts in NTT and NTB. The innovation includes the provision of water resources (dam trenches, reservoirs, mini catchments, and shallow wells), introduction of new high yielding varieties and cultivation crops. The lessons learned show that water supply is the initial point to increase cropping index and crop productivity. Technological innovations needed by farmers are easy to implement, low cost, and labor efficient thereby encourage the continuation of the technology even though the program has been completed. In 2014-2018, conservation agriculture activities were carried out through grants of goods and services managed by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). The basic principle of conservation agriculture consists of 3 pillars, namely limited tillage in the form of permanent planting holes, cover crops, rotation / intercropping. The planting hole is given manure or compost, and planted with corn in 4 corners, and intercropped with various nuts or vines such as pumpkin that serves as a soil cover and additional income from short-lived beans. Based on the results of soil analysis before and after the implementation of conservation agriculture, it shows that conservation agriculture can increase soil fertility, water retention and increase corn crop production.</p>

scholarly journals Macrophytes as a potential tool for crop production by providing nutrient as well as protection against common phyto pathogen

2021 ◽  
pp. bs202103
Author(s):  
Yachana Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Applications of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides lead to several environmental hazards, causing damages to entire ecosystem. To reduce damage caused by such chemical inputs in agriculture and environment required a serious attention for replacement of chemicals input with eco-friendly options. In this study decaying macrophytes were selected as an option for organic agriculture, by analyzing its ability to provide important mineral nutrient to the maize crop grown in low nutrient soil as well as for providing resistant towards many common phyto-pathogens to enhance yield. The results of the study showed that decaying macrophytes have high concentration of stored important mineral nutrient in their body mass, which get released in the soil during its decay and to be used by the maize plant. The decaying macrophytes leaf extract have considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoids also having antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract has been analyzed against the common phyto-pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and S. aureus by agar disc method and the formation of clear zone indicate its potential as bio-control agent. So under intensive agricultural practices, application of such biological waste is of particular importance for enhancing soil fertility without chemical input, to ensure sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Design, Construct and Evaluation of a Single Row Hand-Pushed Mechanical Weed Control Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
A. Saleh ◽  
M.L. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Control Machine

Weed control is one of the major problems in crop and vegetable production in Nigeria. Most of the peasant farmers use manual weeders in their cultivation, a process that is costly, labour intensive and time consuming. The process does not also give the farmer adequate returns to enable him breakeven. It is, therefore, necessary to design a weeding equipment which minimize the human effort and provide efficient work output for the peasant farmer. This study focus on designing, construction and evaluation of a hand-pushed weed control machine that would eliminate the challenges being faced by the farmer in weeding. Materials selected to suit the construction of the weeder are durable and locally available, easily replaced if damaged and at affordable cost. They include mild steel (3mm, 5mm), 30 mm circular (hollow) pipes, 10 mm diameter steel rod, and 40 cm pneumatic tyre. The developed weeding machine was evaluated in the experimental farm of IAR with impressive results. It works well in sandy loam soil of about 25.65% moisture content and requires less labour force compared to the manual hoe. It has about 84.7% weeding efficiency, 0.0129ha/hr effectivefield capacity, 0.019ha/hr theoretical field capacity and 68% field efficiency. The average cost of the weeding is N21, 000:00. Keywords: Manual weeding, hand-pushed weeder, weeding efficiency, field efficiency

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