scholarly journals In-vitro evaluation of six bio-product against coriander stem gall disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munish Leharwan ◽  
Meenu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Leharwan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Butter Milk ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Stem gall of coriander caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger. is a highly devastating seed and soil borne pathogen in coriander and has emerged as one of the major disease causing substantial quantitative and qualitative losses. In the present studies, efficacy of six bio-products, namely, Neemazal, cow urine, butter milk, fresh milk, beejamrit and jeevamrit was screened against mycelial growth inhibition of P. macrosporus under in vitro conditions. Extracts of these bio-products were evaluated at three different concentrations (i.e 10, 20 and 30%) by poison food technique. Results revealed that that among the various bio-products evaluated against test pathogen, irrespective of concentration tested, all the bio-products resulted in significant inhibition in mycelial growth of test pathogen with neemazal giving the complete inhibition [100.00 % (90.00)] followed by fresh milk [30.66 % (28.44)] and butter milk [26.55 % (25.99)], though these treatments were statistically different from one another. Different concentrations (10 to 30 %) of bio-products, irrespective of the treatments showed that 30 per cent concentration of all bio-products was most efficacious in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen giving 69.95 per cent (36.77) growth inhibition. This was followed 20 and 10 per cent concentration of bio-products resulting in 55.58 per cent (32.49) and 45.53 per cent (16.30) growth inhibition, respectively. The result regarding evaluation of bio-products under in vitro conditions against the P. macrosporus showed that Neemazal treatment was most effective at all concentrations and completely inhibited the test fungus followed by 30 per cent fresh milk resulting in the mycelial growth inhibition of 51.60 per cent.

scholarly journals In-vitro evaluation of botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing spot blotch of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Rabina Koju ◽  
Sagar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Poison Food Technique ◽  
Concentration Levels

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana; is one of the most concerning disease in warm and humid regions of Nepal due to its widespread prevalence and increasing severity. An in-vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, in National Plant Pathology Research Centre’s laboratory at Khumaltar, Lalitpur in 2019. The experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications by poison food technique. Five botanicals viz. neem, garlic, eucalyptus, bojho and asuro at three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) and eight fungicides viz. sectin, curex, bavistin, vacomil plus, saaf, sajha, criptan and tilt at three concentration levels (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) except curex (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) were used to evaluate the effect on the radial mycelial growth and mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the pathogen. The different botanical extracts and fungicides in different concentrations inhibited the mycelial growth of fungus significantly (p<0.01). The highest mycelial growth inhibition percentage was found by the application of garlic clove extract (52.85%) at 15% which was followed by bojho (52.48%) at 15% concentration. While tilt was found effective fungicide which completely inhibits the mycelial growth at all concentrations. Also, fungicides viz. sajha (79.78%), saaf (73.59%) and sectin (70%), at 100 ppm were found effective in controlling the pathogen as compare to others. Mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus was found to be increased with the increase in concentrations of botanicals and fungicides.

scholarly journals In vitro studies of inhibitory activity of plant extracts and cow urine on mycelial growth of stem rot, Sclerotimoryzae of rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Prakash ◽  
A.P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Soil borne phytopathogen Sclerotiumoryzae significantly affect rice production. To reduce load of chemical pesticides, antifungal activity of plant extracts and cow urine against mycelial growth of S.oryzaewere tested using poisoned food technique under in vitro condition. Plant extracts of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10% concentration was prepared from Allium cepa, Azadirachtaindica, A. sativum, Ricinuscommunisand Syzygiumcumini. Inhibition of mycelial growth of S.oryzaewas recorded only in case of A. sativum and A. cepa while Azadirachtaindica, Ricinuscommunisand Syzygiumcumini did not show any inhibition of mycelial growth as compared to control. A.sativum plant extracts showed maximum inhibition of mycelia growth of 68.88% at concentration 10% followed by 32.96%, 22.96% and 18.88% at concentration 7.5%, 5.0% and 2.5% resepectively. 22.60%, 19.62%, 17.77% and 8.88% inhibition of mycelial growth as compared to control was recorded at 10%, 7.5%, 5.0% and 2.5% concentration of plant extracts of A.cepa. All the concentration of cow urine inhibited the mycelial growth of S. oryzae. Cow urine at the concentration 5, 7.5 and 10.0 per cent resulted in 100 per cent inhibition of mycelia growth of test pathogen as compared to control. Maximum inhibition of 98.14 per cent was observed at 2.5 per cent concentration followed by 1.25 per cent (63.7%) concentration. This study showed that A.sativum and A.cepa and cow urine possess antifungal activity under in vitro condition. It can also be tested for antifungal activity under in vivo condition.

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bioagents and Biopesticides against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its Integrated Management in Common Bean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad PADDER ◽  
Prem Nath SHARMA ◽  
Renu KAPIL ◽  
Anju PATHANIA ◽  
Om Prakash SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals Eco Friendly Management of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea with Botanicals and Bio Agents in In-vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
K. L. Nandeesha ◽  
Shalini N. Huilgol ◽  
Geeta D. Goudar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Environment Condition

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crop grown all over India. Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is one of the major disease on chickpea in Northern Karnataka, which is soil and seed borne. Heavy inoculum in the soil and favorable environment condition results in the death of infected plant and therefore total yield loss.In this study, three antagonists, and seven botanicals were studied against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt. In vitro studies found that among the botanicals, turmeric rhizome extract gave maximum per cent inhibition of mycelial growth (26.73%) and least per cent inhibition of mycelial growth (9.96%) was observed in cassia tora at 15 per cent concentration. Among the antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum was effective in per cent inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri with (76.47%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens found least effective in per cent mycelial inhibition with (34.41%).

In-vitro Studies of Plant Extracts against Alternaria brassicae (berk.) Sacc. of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and coss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHESH SINGH ◽  
H. K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Poison Food Technique ◽  
Percent Growth Inhibition

Six plant extract viz., Datura (Daturastramonium), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulous), Karang (Pongamiaglabra),Neem (Azadirachtaindica), Madar (Calotropis gigantean) and Wild sage (Lantana camara) were evaluated in-vitro by poison food technique @ 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations against Alternariabrassicaecausing blight of mustard. The results revealed that all the plant extracts inhibited the percent growth inhibition against test fungus as compared to control. However A.indica was found most efficacious with growth inhibition of (38.7%) followed by E. globulus (36.7%). Some extract such as P. glabra and D. stramonium showed moderate inhibition over control (30.9 and 21.6 respectively). Among all plant extract, C. gigantean showed least (15.3%) inhibition over control against A. brassicae. These plant extracts can possibly be used as management of seedborne pathogenic fungi in an eco-friendly way.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plant Extracts and their In vitro Efficacy against Potato Early Blight Incited by Alternaria solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Ram Chandra ◽  
Lopamudra Behera
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Percent Concentration

Botanicals obtained from the plants are well known for the suppression of inimical plant pathogens. The present study explores the efficacy of five locally available plant extracts for their antifungal activity against the early blight of potato incited by Alternaria solani. The extracts include Datura stramonium, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, and Lantana camara. All extracts reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination of A. solani. In vitro studies showed that extracts obtained from A. sativum and A. indica have significant inhibition of mycelial growth of A. solani (88.80 and 86.62 percent) at 20 percent concentration. Higher concentrations of A. sativum extract caused a higher reduction of A. solani radial growth on potato dextrose agar medium. Extracts obtained from A. sativum and A. indica at 20 percent concentration, were found most effective for inhibition of conidial germination (85.50 and 80.04 percent) respectively of A. solani. Observations by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed dramatic alteration in A. solani hyphae collapsed and spores shrinked when treated with extract of A. sativum at a 20 per cent concentration. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of various phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols was showed A. sativum extract better than all the other plant extracts. Observation also revealed that 20 percent concentration of garlic extract has potential to inhibit to A. solani.

In Vitro efficacy of essential oils on mycelial growth of Magnaporthe griseaca using blast in basmati rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Prashant Mishra ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Raju .
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Management of Pyriculari agrisea by eco-friendly approaches is promising. In this study the essential oils from Coriander sativum (Coriander), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) were tested against Pyricularia grisea in vitro by poison food technique. The pure culture of P. grisea was allowed to grow at 300ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm concentration of essential oils on PDA medium. Clove oil was found most effective to inhibit mycelial growth completely at 300, 500 and 1000ppm after72 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs. Next effective oil was observed neem oil followed by coriander oil. This indicated that clove oil is most effective against P. oryzae pathogen. Neem and coriander oil is less effective. The results of the current study indicated that each of the three essential oils tested, reduced the radial growth of P. oryzae.

scholarly journals Contribution of Hydrogen Cyanide to the Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas Strains Against Phytophthora infestans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Abhishek Anand ◽  
Delphine Chinchilla ◽  
Christopher Tan ◽  
Laurent Mène-Saffrané ◽  
Floriane L’Haridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Plants face many biotic and abiotic challenges in nature; one of them is attack by disease-causing microbes. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight is one of the most prominent pathogens of the potato responsible for multi-billion-dollar losses every year. We have previously reported that potato-associated Pseudomonas strains inhibited P. infestans at various developmental stages. A comparative genomics approach identified several factors putatively involved in this anti-oomycete activity, among which was the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Here, we report the relative contribution of HCN emission to the overall anti-Phytophthora activity of two cyanogenic Pseudomonas strains, P. putida R32 and P. chlororaphis R47. To quantify this contribution, we generated HCN-negative mutants (Δhcn) and compared their activities to those of their respective wild types in different experiments assessing P. infestans mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and infection of potato leaf disks. Using in vitro experiments allowing only volatile-mediated interactions, we observed that HCN accounted for most of the mycelial growth inhibition (57% in R47 and 80% in R32). However, when allowing both volatile and diffusible compound-mediated interactions, HCN only accounted for 1% (R47) and 18% (R32) of mycelial growth inhibition. Likewise, both mutants inhibited zoospore germination in a similar way as their respective wild types. More importantly, leaf disk experiments showed that both wild-type and Δhcn strains of R47 and R32 were able to limit P. infestans infection to a similar extent. Our results suggest that while HCN is a major contributor to the in vitro volatile-mediated restriction of P. infestans mycelial growth, it does not play a major role in the inhibition of other disease-related features such as zoospore germination or infection of plant tissues.

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