scholarly journals Eco - Friendly System of Cropping

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Veer Sain ◽  
D. P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Very High

Suitable to environment or eco-friendly means not harmful to our system of environment i.e. not harmful to land, air etc. Presently, due to agriculture mainly a lot of pollutants are added day by day in our environment. Because of these pollutants, the soil fertility is decreasing, the fear of disease in living beings are increasing, a lot of poiseness chemicals and gases prevails in the environment. There is a great need to the use such a cropping system which is suitable to environment i.e Eco- friendly system of cropping. The Eco-friendless of cropping system may be viewed from two different angles i.e systems which help in soil and water conservation and system which reduce the use of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, organic fertilizers. As far as the pesticides use is concerned at national level, it is a still for below the alarming proportions. Inclusion of such crops in the cropping systems in problem areas can play a significant role in minimizing the use of agro-chemicals in the crop production. In Haryana the use of fertilizer is increasing at a very high rate. The use of fertilizers (N, P, K) has increased 17.20 times in 2017-18 from 1970-71. The use of pesticides was also increased from 0.13 tonne to 0.57 tonnes per hectare in 2017-18 from 1970-71 and this increase is about 4.38 times. But the production of food-grain in the year 2016-17 increases only 3.79 times of production in 1970-71. Similarly, the average yield of important crops in Haryana shows a little increase in their production. There is only 1.5 to 2 times increase in average yield (kg/hec.) from that of average yield in 1970-71. It may be concluded that the consumption of fertilizer and pesticides are increasing at very high rate as compared to the production of the crops.

scholarly journals Weeds Biomass as Affected by Tillage Practices and Cropping Systems under a Semiarid Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHMOOD-UL-HASSAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A. SHER ◽  
M.I. TAHIR ◽  
M. AZEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Tillage practice has a significant role on weeds eradication and soil water conservation in crop production. Under semiarid agriculture, the monsoon rains (65%) are major source of water in Potohar, Pakistan, which can effectively be used mostly for winter crops production. To evaluate the impact of different tillage system for prevailing cropping systems and their weeds biomass under semiarid conditions, field experiment was conducted at the Arid University Research Farm Koont Rawalpindi (Pakistan) during crop growth seasons 2013-14 and 2014-15. Tillage systems as treatments were (a) three cultivations with a cultivator, as control treatment, (b) mold-board with two cultivations, (c) chisel-plough with two cultivations and (d) minimum tillage (only tillage performed at sowing time) with glyphosate. Sowing was made using drill for all cropping systems i.e. a, b, and d except c which was planted on bed (made by bed planter). In addition to ploughing treatments, different cropping systems (a) wheat - fallow (b) wheat and brassica - fallow, (c) wheat and chickpea - fallow and (d) wheat - cluster bean (green manure crop) were also used for minimum two years rotations. On average in both study years, interactive effect of treatments (mold board with 2 cultivations) for the rotation wheat and brassica - fallow showed a reduction in weeds dry biomass of Anagallis arvensis (blue pimpernel, 55.6%), Asphodelus tenuifolius (jungle onion, 42.3%), Chenopodium album (common goosefoot, 40.8%), Circium arvense (creeping thistle, 53.1%), Convolvulus arvensis (field bind weed, 56.6%) and Cynodon dactylon (vilfa stellata, 45.8%) within 60 days after sowing (DAS) as compared with the control treatment (three cultivations on a wheat - fallow cropping system). Similar trends were observed at the crop maturity stage. Results of the experiment showed that better weed biomass suppression can be achieved by using moldboard plough for cultivation with followed by wheat- brassica cropping system and/or wheat - chickpea intercropping for semiarid soil condition in Pakistan.

scholarly journals iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
John C. Broster ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Mill Speed ◽  
Wheat Chaff

AbstractIn Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia’s major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems.

RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. RATHORE ◽  
N. S. NATHAWAT ◽  
B. MEEL ◽  
B. M. YADAV ◽  
J. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.

scholarly journals Effect of Cropping System and Rice Residue Retention on Crop Productivity and Soil Physical Properties in Rice Based Cropping System of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
M Jahangir Alam ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
MK Islam ◽  
R Islam ◽  
M Islam
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Residue Retention

Cropping systems of Bangladesh are highly diverse and cultivation costs of puddled transplanted rice (PTR) are high. Therefore, an improved system is needed to address the issues, a field experiment was conducted during 2011-2013 to evaluate system intensification with varying degrees of cropping systems and residue retention. Four cropping systems (CSE) namely CSE1: T. boro rice-T. aman rice (control), CSE2: wheat-mungbean-T. aman rice (wheat and mungbean sown using a power tiller-operated seeder (PTOS) with full tillage in a single pass; puddled transplanted aman), CSE3: wheat-mungbean-dry seeded DS aman rice (DSR), and CSE4: wheat-mungbean-DS aman rice (all sown by PTOS with strip tillage) were compared. Two levels of aman rice residue retention (removed; partial retention i.e. 40 cm of standing stubble) were compared in sub plots. Grain yield was significantly higher (by 11%) when wheat was grown after DSR than PTR. Similarly, PTR and DSR (aman rice) produced statistically similar crop yields. Rice residue retention resulted a significantly higher (by 10%) wheat yield and a slightly increased (by 6%) mungbean yield than that of residues removed. The system productivity of CSE4 was significantly higher (by 10%) than CSE1 when averaged of the two years data. Partial aman residue retention gave significantly higher system yield than residue removal (by 0.6 t ha-1). After two years, no effect of CSE or partial aman residue retention was found on soil physical property (bulk density) of the top soil. Therefore, CSE4 along with residue retention would be more effective for sustainable crop production. The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 14-30

Cropping Systems in Some Drought-Prone Communities of the Northern Region of Ghana: Factors Affecting the Introduction of Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Kodjo Avornyo ◽  
◽  
Osamu Ito ◽  
Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic ◽  
Osamu Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Factors Affecting

Despite the growing demand for rice in Ghana, domestic rice production remains low, resulting in the importation of about 70% of the rice consumed in Ghana. In spite of the fact that 39-47% of the 20-28% of Ghana’s total geographic area classified as inland valley wetlands is considered suitable for rice cultivation, less than 15% is presently being used. A household survey was therefore conducted in six communities, Fihini (F), Cheshegu (C), Dabogushei (D), Kpalgum (K), Zergua (Z), and Yoggu (Y), of the Tolon district in northern Ghana in order to identify factors affecting the introduction of rice into the cropping system. Maize, groundnut, rice, and yam were found to be the four major crops grown in the communities. Overall, 64% of respondents cultivate rice, but this figure is particularly low (30%) in F and Y communities. Rice is usually combined with two other major crops, most frequently maize and yam. In C, D, and K communities, about 90% of households cultivate at least, three out of the four major crops. The interview with farmers revealed that rice yield is 0.73 t/ha on average and significantly higher in K and C (1.06 t/ha and 0.93 t/ha, respectively) than in D (0.37 t/ha). The average distance from compound houses to rice and maize fields is significantly shorter in C, D, and K. Similarly, the rate of rice introduction in C, D, and K is higher than in F, Z, and Y, suggesting that distance to inland valleys may be one of the factors that influence the incorporation of rice into the cropping systems of these communities. Principal component analysis of crop yields and cattle number for the Y community revealed that rice growers tend to have higher crop productivity while cattle production is higher among non-rice growers. Within the community, the productivity of upland crops and balance between crop production and cattle production may be important factors that influence the incorporation of rice into the cropping system.

scholarly journals A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Nigella sativa L. Crop Production in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Evangelia STEFANOPOULOU ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Konstantinos TSIMPOUKAS ◽  
Stella KARIDOGIANNI ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost

Nigella sativa L. is considered to be an alternative crop offering innovative and high-quality products. A case study was implemented on an existing farm to determine the prospects of N. sativa production in Greece and to assess the economic outcomes of the cultivation of this crop under organic and conventional cropping systems. The total production cost of organic N. sativa seeds was 6.09 €/kg, while the cost of conventional seeds was 4.77 €/kg. The organic and conventional N. sativa seed selling prices were 17.04 and 12.01 €/kg, respectively. Moreover, the financial performance of farm is better after the introduction of N. sativa crop under organic cropping system, where the net profit increased by 63.8% compared to the initial profit of the farm, while the increase in the conventional was less at 49.2%. N

scholarly journals Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of silage corn in intercropped system with soybean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Baghdadi ◽  
Ridzwan A. Halim ◽  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Ramlan ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Area Index

Corn silage is an important feed for intensive ruminant production but the growing of corn has relied heavily on the use of chemical fertilizer. Sustainable crop production requires a careful management of all nutrient sources available in a farm, particularly in corn-based cropping systems. Experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate technology of corn-legume intercropping with supplemental use of chemical, organic manure, and biofertilizer. Combining chemical fertilizers with chicken manure in a 50:50 ratio and application of 50% NPK+ 50%, chicken manure (CM)+ biofertilizer (BF) resulted in similar dry matter (DM) yield with the 100% NPK treatment. Inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK) gave the highest DM yield (13.86 t/ha) of forage among single fertilizer treatments and it outyielded the chicken manure (100% CM) (9.74 t/ha) treatment. However, when CM was combined with NPK, the DM yield of forage (13.86 t/ha) and was the same as the 100% NPK (13.68 t/ha). Combinations of NPK and chicken manure resulted in increased plant height; crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) compared to CM alone but was similar to 100% NPK application. The ratio of 50% CM + 50% NPK and 50%CM+50%NPK+BF recorded protein yield similar to those of conventional fertilizer. Similarly, CP content was not significantly different among 100% NPK and 50% CM+50% NPK. Use of biofertilizers had no significant impact on improving either yield or quality of forage fertilized with inorganic or organic fertilizers. Lactic acid responded differently to different fertilizer application and was significantly higher than the no fertilizer plots. Treatments with an application of biofertilizer and combination of biofertilizer with NPK or CM treatments gave higher values of acetylene reduction assay (ARA) (compared to sole chemical and sole organic manure fertilizers. Overall, evidence recorded from this study prove that corn-soybean intercrops could increase forage quantity and quality, produce higher total protein yield, decrease requirements for protein supplements and chemical fertilizer compared to the corn monoculture with a combination of chicken manure and chemical fertilizer.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER BASED ON CHICKEN MANURE AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SPRING RAPE CULTIVATION FOR SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
T.V. Zubkova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Vinogradov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents the results of work aimed at developing a new type of organomineral fertilizer and effectiveness of its use in crop production. The usage of organic fertilizers based on chicken manure is an effective way to utilize organic waste. The quality parametres of fertilizers based on natural zeolite and chicken manure in various combinations made it possible to state that fertilizers with microbiological product Tamir were of the highest quality (variants 3-5). It was found that usage of zeolite as a sorbent together with a microbiological complex contributed to a significant decrease in concentration of micro elements in organic waste. The application of these fertilizers in spring rape crops promoted biometric parameters of plants, photosynthetic activity and, in general, the productivity of oilseeds. The highest yield was observed in the variants with application of these fertilizers at a dose of 30 t / ha, the average yield of which was 21.4 dt / ha, which provided an increase relative to the control by 7.4 dt / ha. The conducted agroecological experiments confirm that the proposed fertilizer can be used in agriculture, both for obtaining high yields of spring rape and for restoring soil fertility

scholarly journals Cover crops use in Midwestern US agriculture: perceived benefits and net returns

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Plastina ◽  
Fangge Liu ◽  
Fernando Miguez ◽  
Sarah Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Share ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Pros And Cons

AbstractDespite being generally accepted as a promising conservation practice to reduce nitrate pollution and promote soil sustainability, cover crop adoption in Midwestern US agriculture is low. Based on focus groups, surveys and partial budgets, we calculated the annual net returns to cover crop use for farmers in Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota; and elicited farmers’ perceptions about the pros and cons of incorporating cover crops to their row cropping systems. The novelty of our methodology resides in comparing each farmer's practices in the portion of their cropping system with cover crops (typically small), against their practices in the other portion of their cropping system without cover crops. The resulting comparisons, accounting for farmer heterogeneity, are more robust than the typical effects calculated by comparing indicators across cover crop users and unrelated non-adopters. Our results highlight the complicated nature of integrating cover crops into the crop production system and show that cover crops affect whole farm profitability through several channels besides establishment and termination costs. Despite farmers’ positive perceptions about cover crops and the availability of cost-share programs, calculated annual net returns to cover crops use were negative for most participants.

scholarly journals Phenophases and cutting time of forage cactus under irrigation and cropping systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Morais Amorim ◽  
Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽  
Poliana de Caldas Pereira ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
Rosandro Boligon Minuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Phenological Phases ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT Management practices can affect the phenology and, consequently, the harvest time and crop production level of forage cactus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of irrigation depths and cropping systems on the phenophases and cutting time of the forage cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and four replications. Irrigation depths based on reference evapotranspiration (8.75 %, 17.5 %, 26.25 % and 35 % ETo) and a control (0 % ETo) made up the plots, while cropping systems (exclusive cropping, exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping) were distributed in the subplots. Cladode emission morphogenesis was used to define the phenological phases, while the extrapolation of the monthly dry matter accumulation rate was applied to obtain the cutting time. The use of irrigation depths significantly increased the phenophase II (higher emission of second-order daughter cladodes), decreasing the phenophase III, associated with third-order daughter cladodes. The phenophase III was lower in the exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems, when compared to the exclusive cropping system. The ideal cutting time for irrigated forage cactus is 19 months, regardless of the cropping system. The exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems significantly increased the monthly forage dry matter accumulation rate, with an earlier cutting time for the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping system (17 months).

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