scholarly journals Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda : An invasive pest of Maize Omprakash Navik* and Jagadeesh Patil

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omprakash Navik ◽  
Jagadeesh Patil
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive pest of maize and first time reported in July 2018 from Karnataka, India. Presently, this pest has made havoc on maize crop in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh. This pest is an American origin and polyphagous in nature feeds on more than 80 plant species. It prefers to feed on maize crop, however in the absence of maize it feeds on sugarcane, sorghum, rice, cabbage, soybean, onion, tomato, potato and cotton. Life cycle of this pest completes within 32 to 46 days on maize under the favorable conditions. First two instars of S. frugiperda feed on the leaves and later instars moves inside the leaf whorl and starts feeding by leaving frass around the damaged area. For the management of this pest, an adaptation of integrated pest management approach is needed. Integrating, bioagents like egg parasistoids, Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus sp. and for larval stages by entompathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Nomuraea rileyi (=Metarhizium rileyi, bacteria, (Bt) and entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica are useful options. However, need based application of insecticides like emamectin benzoate can be used for successful management of this pest.

scholarly journals SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), AN INVASIVE PEST IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND ITS MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Aqsa Mazhar ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), is a pest that invaded the sub-tropical and tropical regions of America. In 2016, it was reported for the first time in central Africa and within a year it was reported from many countries of Africa. It then spread in Asia and in 2018 it was reported in India, and now its infestation was seen in Pakistan. Its strong flight, climatic adaptableness and large host range makes it a good colonizing agent as compared to other species of Spodoptera. In potential managing strategies we must know about its primary information such as its biology, host range, habitat and favorable conditions. Identification and life cycle is the most important process in the management of this pest. IPM strategies include physical and cultural control, botanical control, biological control and chemical control. These strategies will help in management of FAW. All these aspects have been reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I WAYAN Supartha ◽  
I WAYAN SUSILA ◽  
ANAK AGUNG AYU AGUNG SRI SUNARI ◽  
I. G. FEBRI MAHAPUTRA ◽  
I KADEK WISMA YUDHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Damage Characteristics ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3378-3387. The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North and South America which has now been reported to have spread to Indonesia. This study aims to ensure the attack and spread of invasive pests FAW on corn crops in Bali. In addition, it also studied population structure, age structure, and percentage of attacks on maize crops in high altitude areas in Bali, Indonesia. The research was conducted using survey methods. A sampling of plants is carried out in all districts and cities in the Province of Bali by diagonal sampling. The sample unit size is 5 m × 5 m with the number of plants observed being 150 plants. The score of plant damage at the age of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) plants has a "very heavy" attack intensity value. Areas of upper leaves or young leaves most affected by S. frugiperda attack in the field. The results showed that pest FAW has been entering and attacking maize crops in Bali since January 2020 as the first report. At the beginning of the entry was only found in some lowland locations, especially in Tabanan and Jembrana regency, but within the next 4 months, it has spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali province. Adults populations and egg groups of FAW were found to peak by the time the corn crop was 2 weeks old after planting while the larval population reached its peak by the time the plant was 4 WAP The highest percentage of FAW attacks is in altitude areas below 250 meters above sea level (masl) with an average attack per observation plot of 47.84%. This research is the first to report on FAW attacks on maize crops in Bali Province since January 2020 and adds to our knowledge of FAW pests on maize crops in Bali Province.

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A recent threat and future management strategy in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
S. Gahatraj ◽  
S. Tiwari ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
L. Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Field

Abstract. Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive pest of maize including other cultivated crops such as rice, wheat, and many other vegetables. This invasive species was initially noticed in North-America and later reported in many countries of Africa in early 2016. In South Asia, this has been reported for the first time in India followed by Srilanka in 2018 and Bangladesh, China, Taiwan and Nepal in 2019. It is polyphagous in nature and damage has been reported in more than 80 plant species. The loss has to lead up to 50-80% in maize in severe situation. FAW is a distant flyer and can fly more than 100 km in a night and spread well in crop fields. As this pest is already invasive in many states of India and the likelihood of entry and spreading in Nepal is higher because of the open border between the countries and flexible government quarantine policy. The great socio-economic loss has been forecasted once this pest has received invasive status in Nepal. Recently, this crop has been confirmed by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) in Gaidakot area of Nawalpur district, Nepal and has been noticed in almost all parts of Nepal such as Sidhuli, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Tanahun and Rupendehi districts. However, this information has not been endorsed by Nepal Plant Protection Office (NPPO), an official invasive species endorsing organization in Nepal. This species is spreading rapidly in maize growing areas and significant losses have been reported in maize crop by the farmers. The regular scouting, surveillance, and monitoring can be suggested to evaluate the pest status in the crop field. Habitat manipulation with the deployment of deterring crops ‘push’ such as desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) and pest-attracting crop ‘pull’ such as Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) and Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare sudanense) is suggested in a ‘push-pull strategy’, the most popular and successful method of FAW management in the maize field. Field sanitation, and conserving pest’s natural enemies are other integrated approaches. However, in a commercial maize field, a group of ‘soft’ and selective chemicals have been suggested for immediate control of this pest. This review compiled the recent informations available on FAW and is useful for farmers, researchers and policy makers to draw a roadmap for the future FAW management in Nepal.

scholarly journals Monitoring of damage and distribution of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
I W Supartha ◽  
I W Susila ◽  
K A Yuliadhi ◽  
E S M Haloho ◽  
I K W Yudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest from America and has recently become an important pest in Indonesia. In their new environment, these pests have very high migratory and adaptive skills, as well as aggressive feeding habits. The aim of this research was to monitor the distribution, percentage of attacks, and damage caused by S. frugiperda on maize fields in the Karo District of North Sumatra Province. The study was conducted using a survey method at various altitudes and the sample unit was determined using the diagonal method. Each sample unit has a size of 2 × 2 m2. The age of maize crop used as the sample is 2-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10; and 11 weeks after planting (wap). Symptoms of attack, number of larvae population, and percentage of FAW attack were observed directly on plants. The results showed that FAW spread evenly at various altitudes, with the highest population at an altitude of 500-1,000 m.a.s.l at the age of 2-4 wap with a larval population density of 14.20 individual/unit sample. The highest percentage of attack was found at an altitude of 500-1,000 m.a.s.l, namely 82% at 2-4 wap. The highest attack on leaves occurred at an altitude of 500-1,000 m.a.s.l (70.6%) at the age of 2-4 wap.

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

Revisiting the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new invasive pest in South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan‐Ji Jiang ◽  
Bao‐Tong Mo ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
South China ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest

scholarly journals Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Yousaf ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Mariyam Masood ◽  
Kazam Ali ◽  
Nazia Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Rice Strain

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NCBI GenBank Accession Nos. MW241537, MW241538, MW349515, MW349516, MW349493 and MW349494) revealed that genetically it is more than 99% identical to S. frugiperda. The phylogenetic analysis indicated it as the rice-strain (R-strain). Both 3′- and 5′-fragment tree topologies showed that the collected samples of the FAW species belong to the R-strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence for the existence of R-strain of S. frugiperda that was found feeding on maize crop in Sindh, Pakistan, using COI gene sequences as a marker.

scholarly journals An updated global COI barcode reference data set for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and first record of this species in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Mahat ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Tshelthrim Zangpo
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Data Set

AbstractWe report the first detection of Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Bhutan. FAW feeds on more than 300 plant species and is a serious pest of many. It has been spreading through Africa since 2016 and Asia since 2018. In Bhutan, this species was first detected in maize fields in the western part of the country in September 2019 and subsequently found infesting maize crop in southern parts of the country in December 2019 and April 2020. Using morphological and molecular techniques the presence of the first invading populations of S. frugiperda in Bhutan is confirmed through this study. We present an updated reference DNA barcode data set for FAW comprising 374 sequences, which can be used to reliably identify this serious pest species, and discuss some of the reasons why such compiled reference data sets are necessary, despite the publicly availability of the underlying data. We also report on a second armyworm species, the Northern Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker, 1865), in rice, maize and other crops in eighteen districts of Bhutan.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

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