scholarly journals Effect of Water Regimes on the Growth of and Yield of Rabi / Summer Groundnut Genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
R.H. Patil ◽  
B.S. Yenagi ◽  
S. Sagar Dhage
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Black Cotton Soils ◽  
Summer Experiences

Background: Groundnut crop grown during Rabi / summer experiences moisture stress, thus irrigation is must. However, water for irrigation gets scarce during summer month hence it becomes important to choose stress tolerant varieties and optimize irrigation schedule without compromising the yield.Methods: A field experiment with four rabi / summer groundnut genotypes (G1: Dh-86, G2: Dh-101, G3: K-9 and G4: G2-52) exposed to four irrigation regimes (I1: 7 irrigations at 15 days interval from sowing to 105 DAS as control, I2: withdrawal of one irrigation between 45 - 60 DAS i.e., pegging stage, I3: withdrawal of two irrigations between 45-75 DAS i.e., at pegging and pod filling stage, I4: withdrawal of four irrigations from 45-105 DAS i.e., at pegging, pod filling and kernel development stage) was carried out from December to April of 2016-17 on black cotton soils at AICRP on Groundnut UAS, Dharwad.Result: Among the genotypes tested, Dh-86 recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,376 kg ha-1) followed by Dh-101 (2,215 kg ha-1) and K-9 (2,048 kg ha-1), whereas G2-52 gave the lowest yield (1,880kg ha-1) and all of them performed well at I1 and I2 irrigation regimes. Among different water regimes, I1 (i.e., control) recorded significantly taller plants, higher LAI, more branches and higher dry matter at harvest as compared to other irrigation regimes, hence it also recorded significantly higher pod yield and haulm yield (2,870 and 4,691 kg ha-1, respectively), but was found at par with I2, i.e., crop stressed only at pegging stage (2,858 and 4,648 kg ha-1, respectively). This suggests that, at the most, one irrigation can be skipped at pegging stage without compromising on yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Regimes on Water use Efficiency of Rabi / Summer Groundnut Genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
R.H. Patil ◽  
B.S. Yenagi ◽  
S. Sagar Dhage
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background: During rabi / summer irrigation water is a scarce resource, but crop needs more water due to non-rainy season and warmer climate. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during rabi / summer season of 2016-17 to study the effect of irrigation water regimes on water use efficiency (WUE) of groundnut genotypes in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka. Methods: This field study comprised of four main plots as water regimes viz. I1: (control) seven irrigations at 15 days interval from sowing to 105 DAS, I2: Stress at pegging stage; withdrawal of one irrigation between 45 - 60 DAS, I3: Stress at pegging and pod filling stage; withdrawal of two irrigations between 45-75 DAS, I4: Stress at pegging, pod filling and kernel development stage; withdrawal of four irrigations from 45-105 DAS and four genotypes as sub plots viz. G1: Dh-86, G2: Dh-101, G3: K-9 and G4: G2-52. Treatments were replicated thrice and laid out in split plot design. Result: Among the water regime, I2 recorded significantly higher WUE (6.2 kg ha-1 mm-1) followed by I1 (control; 5.5 kg ha-1 mm-1). Water regime I2 also recorded significantly higher pod yield and haulm yield (2,857 kg ha-1 4,648 kg ha-1, respectively) along with other yield attributes, but was found at par with control (I1). This study showed that WUE as well as yield of rabi / summer groundnut can be enhanced if crop was exposed only to mild stress by skipping an irrigation at pegging stage out of total seven irrigations. Among the genotypes, Dh-86 with 2,375 kg ha-1 of pod yield performed significantly better over others like Dh-101 (2,215 kg ha-1), K-9 (2,048 kg ha-1) and G2-52 (1,880kg ha-1) suggesting differential response to moisture stress, thus choice of moisture stress tolerant genotypes is equally important to enhance WUE. Interaction between irrigation regime and genotypes showed that Dh-86 (G1) with I2 irrigation regime recorded significantly higher WUE (6.9 kg ha-1 mm-1), pod yield (3,168 kg ha-1) and net return (Rs. 95,655 ha-1) and was found at par with full irrigation regime (I1). 

The use of leaf development rate to determine time to irrigate pangola grass

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Blunt ◽  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
N Rates

The leaf development rate (LDR) of pangola grass (the number of new leaves produced on a shoot per unit of time) growing in swards on Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley was found to decline linearly with cumulative net pan evaporation (+Ep) and ceased at a +Ep of 201 mm. The LDR of vegetative shoots, which have hairy nodes, was 3-5 times greater than that of reproductive shoots, which have glabrous nodes. Nitrogen increased the LDR of only the reproductive shoots. Vegetative shoots were preferred for measuring the response of pangola grass to moisture stress because of their insensitivity to nitrogen fertilizer level and faster LDR. Moisture availability (M) was calculated for each day as follows: M = 201 -+Ep for +Ep < 201, or otherwise M = 0. In an irrigation trial covering two 3-month periods there was a linear relation between M and dry matter yield within each period, and at each of four N rates. It is suggested that LDR measurements could be used to determine irrigation frequency of pangola grass for any site where pan evaporation is also measured. On Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley the most frequent irrigation schedule (every 2 weeks) gave the highest dry matter yields.

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

CHANGES IN ALPHA- AND BETA-AMYLASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE MATURATION OF DIFFERENT BARLEY CULTIVARS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. LaBERGE ◽  
A. W. MacGREGOR ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The percentage of dry matter, kernel weight, α-amylase activity and β-amylase activity, were determined at several stages of kernel development, from anthesis to harvest, in seven cultivars of Canadian barley. These included 6-row barleys (Conquest, Bonanza, and Keystone), 2-row barleys (Betzes and Centennial), and two 6-rowed selections from crosses between 2-row and 6-row barleys. The patterns for development of β-amylase enzymes were similar in all cultivars, and these activities were low initially, followed by a period of increasing activities commencing about 10 days after anthesis and reaching maximum values 20 days later; they then remained constant until the kernels were harvested. α-Amylase activity increased in all cultivars immediately after anthesis and then decreased to low levels after 10 days of kernel development. The α-amylase activities of Conquest, Bonanza, and Betzes increased again to quite high levels after maturity and just prior to delayed harvesting, owing to unfavorable weather that caused sprouting in these cultivars.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
I.R. Muhammad ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A.K. Mohammed ◽  
R.J Tanko ◽  
M.S. Kallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval. 

scholarly journals Water saving strategies assessment on processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean region

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella M. Giuliani ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Eugenio Nardella ◽  
Emanuele Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Processing tomato grown in Mediterranean region required high irrigation volume throughout growing season. A two-year study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on processing tomato cultivated under sub-arid conditions. A comparison between the irrigation management linked to common practice adopted by farmer and the irrigation management based on crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>) demand was also done. The tomato cv. <em>Genius</em> F1 was cultivated under five water regimes: minimal irrigation (I<sub>0</sub>), as irrigation only at transplanting and during fertilising; DI, to restore 60% ET<sub>c</sub>; RDI, to restore 60%-80%- 60% ET<sub>c</sub> across the three main tomato phenological stages; full irrigation (FI), to restore 100% ET<sub>c</sub>; and farmer irrigation (FaI), as irrigation following the subjective farmer method. Compared to FI, under the FaI regime, the seasonal irrigation volume was 31% and 26% higher in the 2009 and 2010, respectively, with not significant yield increase between the two water regimes. Among the irrigation regimes, only the RDI showed similar yield values over the two years, although 2010 was climatically less favourable. For the water use efficiency related to the marketable yield (WUE<sub>y</sub>), among the irrigation regimes, RDI showed the higher value together with FI. Finally, the K<sub>y</sub> was 0.91, which indicates moderate water stress tolerance for processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean regions. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that in Southern Italy the irrigation planning followed by the farmer does not follow the principles of sustainable irrigation. Moreover, with the adoption of the RDI strategy, it is possible to save about 27% of water maintaining high WUE<sub>y</sub> value with an increase of fruit quality. The adoption of this regime could be suggested in processing tomato cultivated under Mediterranean climate saving water in both the vegetative and ripening periods.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by foliar application of water soluble fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
S. Roy ◽  
S.K. Gunri ◽  
A. M. Puste ◽  
A. Sengupta ◽  
D. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

The field experiment was undertaken at the District Seed Farm, Kalyani at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal during summer season of 2012 and 2013 to study the growth and yield of summer groundnut as influenced by application of water soluble foliar grade fertilizer. Application of liquid grade fertilizerat early growth stage up to 45 DAE did not influence the plant height and dry matter production significantly, but towards maturity varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Crop growth rate was faster at early part of the crop age and gradually slows at later part towards maturity. Foliar application of water soluble fertilizer along with RDF 85% had the significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence to increase the number of pods per plant, but shelling percentage and hundred kernel weight did not vary significantly. Liquid grade fertilizer either starter dose or booster dose or in both had the positive response to increased the groundnut pod yield up to 4-6 % over RDF only. The crop was equally responsive in increasing the pod yield, when RDF was reduced by 15% along with foliar application of liquid grade fertilizer. The foliar application of water soluble fertilizer was not the substitute to soil applied inorganic fertilizer. Instead, foliar supplementation of nutrients showed positive response to increase the pod yield, in addition to the fertilizers added to soil. Gross return decreased with reduction in amount of RDF applied for the crop, but gross return increased, when water soluble foliar grade inorganic fertilizer was supplemented with RDF. The maximum gross return of `150399 was obtained. The results obtained from correlation analysis carried out to examine the linear relationship between pod yields with different plant characters. Data obtained in case of dry matter of the plant was 0.995 and 0.997 in the respective years at 1% level of significance. Thus, it was concluded that dry matter content of plant is solely responsible over the yield increase in groundnut and foliar application of inorganic fertilizers in addition to that in soil has helped in better adsorption of nutrients in adequate amount by the crop.

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