scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Examination and Measurements of Testes, Epididymis and Accessory Glands at Different Growth Stages of Chios Rams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
Abdel-Razek Kh. Abdel-razek ◽  
Salem Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Background: Testes, epididymis and accessory glands measurements should be mandatory as an imminent for male selection. This study aimed at defining the ultrasonographic characteristics and measurements of testes, epididymis and accessory glands at different growth stages in Chios rams.Methods: Sixteen rams were assigned by age class into: group A (pre-pubertal, n=3), group B (pubertal, n=5) and group C (mature, n=8). Scrotal circumference (SC) was measured using a tape. Scrotal contents were examined using a B-mode ultrasound. Testicular breadth (TB), thicknesses of tunica albuginea (TA) and mediastinum (MS) and the largest dimension of epididymal tail (EpT) were estimated. Trans-rectal ultrasound was carried out to estimate the echogenicity and diameter of bulbourethral gland (BUG), height of pars dessiminata of prostate (PDP) and maximum breadth of seminal gland (SG).Result: SC increased curvilinear with age. Testicular echogenicity increased with age. Thickness of TA did not differ with age. MS could not detect in pre-pubertal rams, reached maximum thickness with puberty and became relatively thinner by maturity. EpT evidently enlarged with puberty. BUG, PDP and SG exhibited moderate echogenicity. They reached their greatest size with sexual maturity. SC estimated by tape and TB estimated by US correlated with most of the ultrasonographic measurements of the epididymis and accessory glands.

scholarly journals Dorsal plication during penile orthoplasty with and without neurovascular bundle mobilizationA comparative clinical trial conducted At Ghazy Al-Hariri teaching hospital for surgical specialties (2013 –2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Yousuf Mohammed Alhallaq ◽  
Yahia Muhaisin Ali ◽  
Harth Mohamed Kamber Al-Saadawi
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Neurovascular Bundle ◽  
Penile Curvature ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Group A ◽  
Penile Plication ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Curvature Type

Background: Dorsal plication on each side of the penis at the 2 and 10-o’clock positions had been a mainstay for correction of ventral penile curvature. However, because only the 12-o’clock position proved to be a nerve-free zone, dorsal plication at the 12-o’clock position can be advocated. Objectives: To evaluate tunica albuginea plication with and without neurovascular bundle mobilization in patients with ventral penile curvature. Type of the study: A prospective study. Methods: A 34 patients with a mean age of (4.8 ± 0.54) years, Who still have ventral penile curvature all ≤ 30º after degloving of penis with or without other orthoplasty technique, randomized into two groups, in group (A) 17 patients subjected to midline dorsal penile plication at 12-o'clock, whereas in group (B) 17 patients subjected to plication of tunica albuginea at 2 and 10-o’clock positions after neurovascular bundle mobilization. Results: 94.1% of group (A) and 88.2% of group (B) Patients have satisfactory appearance of the penis. No complications were reported in both groups Conclusions: The incision and plication of tunica albuginea with neurovascular bundle mobilization is long and more invasive procedure than Midline dorsal penile plication with no significant differences in outcome.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dysphagia in patients with ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949902096056
Author(s):  
Hirosuke Nishimura ◽  
Kenji Endo ◽  
Takato Aihara ◽  
Kazuma Murata ◽  
Hidekazu Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Cervical Alignment ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Inlet Angle

Introduction: Cervical ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) occasionally leads to dysphagia by the anterior osteophyte. A recent report explained that the dysphagia after an occipito-cervical fusion is caused by the narrowing of pharyngeal space due to the cranio-cervical malalignment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cranio-cervical alignment in patients with OALL complaining of the dysphagia. Subjects and methods: The subjects were 11 cases with complaining of dysphagia due to cervical OALL who underwent anterior cervical OALL resection and as control, age-matched 12 cases without dysphagia who have diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in cervical spine. All subjects were male, and the mean age was 59.5 ± 9.1 years. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the symptoms of dysphagia (dysphagia, group A; control, group B). The O–C2 angle, C2–C7 angle, and the maximum thickness of OALL and the cranio-cervical alignment (pharyngeal inlet angle; PIA) and swallowing line (S-line) were measured before and after the operation on the lateral cervical radiogram at the sitting position. Results: Group A showed significantly large maximum thickness of OALL, small cervical range of motion, small O–C2 angle, large C2–C7 angle, and small PIA. The S-line crossed the anterior apex of cervical osteophyte in group A. After OALL resection, dysphagia had improved, PIA had increased, and the S-line uncrossed the apex of cervical vertebrae in all cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of dysphagia in patients with cervical OALL was influenced by the thickness of osteophyte, cervical mobility, and cranio-cervical alignment.

scholarly journals Evaluation the effect of laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy in young Iraqi black goat on the histomorphometric of the remaining ovary at adult stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
M. J. Eesa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Harmonic Scalpel ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Short Operative Time ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

     The ovarian histomorphometric in adult normal and unilateral ovariectomized Iraqi black goats (Age 7 months) was studied to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy of young goat  (age 2-3 months) on other remaining ovary histologically. Ten young female Iraqi black goats were used in the study. The goats were divided randomly into two equal groups; young goats were left normal (group A) and young goats underwent to right laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy (group B). All animals in both groups were left to reach adult stage at 7 months age, in which they underwent to removal their ovaries laparoscopically by using the harmonic scalpel. Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using of a mixture of xylazine and ketamine intramuscularly. The ovarian histomorphometric included; height of germinal epithelium and thickness of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla were measured at adult stage for both groups. The study revealed a significant elevation (P<0.05) in thickness value of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla in the right ovary compared with the left one in normal adult goat (group A). The left ovary in group (B) showed significant increase in the thickness value of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla compared with those in similar (left) ovary in group (A) which indicated that the remaining ovary in group (B) showed compensatory action in increasing their histological structures measurements. The short operative time, no intraoperative and less postoperative complications referred to that the laparoscopic ovariectomy in goats could be performed successfully with this technique and by using of harmonic scalpel.

Ultrasonographic findings in the ovine udder during involution

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis G Petridis ◽  
Pagona G Gouletsou ◽  
Marianna S Barbagianni ◽  
George S Amiridis ◽  
Christos Brozos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The objective of the study was to record, by means of ultrasonographic examination, changes occurring in the udder of ewes during involution and to compare differences between progressive or abrupt udder drying-off. In group A ewes, udder drying-off took place progressively during a period of 22 d; ewes were milked twice daily for the last time on day(D) 0; then, they were hand-milked once daily for a week (D1–D7), which was followed by another week during which ewes were hand-milked once every 2 d (D9, D11, D13), followed by a third week during which ewes were hand-milked once every 3 d (D16, D19, D22). In group B ewes, the procedure took place abruptly; ewes were milked twice daily for the last time on D0 and no milking was carried out after that. B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the udder of all ewes was performed throughout the drying-off procedure. Appropriate data management and analysis were performed. Progressive changes of the various parameters evaluated throughout the study period were significant in both groups (P<0·005). Gray-scale results of mammary parenchyma progressively decreased during the study and differed significantly between group A and group B (P=0·049). A temporary increase in cistern volume was evident after cessation of lactation, but differences were not significant between the two groups (P>0·3). Diameter of the external pudendal artery progressively decreased during the study and differed significantly between the two groups (P=0·037). Both resistance index and pulsatility index progressively increased throughout the study period in both groups; for both parameters, differences between the two groups were significant (P<0·0005). B-mode ultrasonographic examination indicated differences in remodelling of the extracellular matrix in relation to the procedure for udder drying-off. Volume of the gland cistern did not appear to be affected by the procedure for udder drying-off. Doppler ultrasonographic examination confirmed that blood flow during initiated involution was lower than during a progressive procedure for drying-off.

Effects of photostimulatory lighting and feed allocation in female broiler breeders 1. Reproductive development

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
R. A. Renema ◽  
L. Bouvier ◽  
J. J. R. Feddes ◽  
J. L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Group A ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Group B

Changes in carcass traits during sexual maturation were studied with female Shaver Starbro breeders in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two lighting programs and two feeding programs. Pullets were individually caged in a light tight facility at 20 wk of age. The light period of fast photoperiod (FP) hens was changed from 8L:16D to 15L:9D at 20 wk of age. Slow photoperiod (SP) hens were switched from a 8L:16D photoperiod at 20 wk to 11L:13D, with increases to 12L:12D, 13L:11D, 14L:10D, and 15L:9D weekly to 24 wk of age. Slow feed (SF) hens were given small (5 g or less) weekly increases in feed allocation from 20 to 25 wk. Fast feed (FF) hens received larger feed allocations than the SF birds from 20 to 25 wk (maximum difference of 25 g more feed than SF hens received). Birds were processed at weekly intervals between 20 and 26 wk of age (Group A) or at sexual maturity (Group B), which was considered to be the day of the first oviposition.Age at sexual maturity did not differ due to photostimulation or feeding treatment. Whereas feeding program had no effect on carcass composition parameters at sexual maturity, the SP hens had a higher relative carcass lipid content at the expense of protein and ash content compared to FP hens. The weight of the large yellow ovarian follicles (LYF) at sexual maturity was affected by feeding regimen (FF, 50.2 g; SF, 43.6 g) and photoperiod (FP, 43.2 g; SP, 50.6 g). While hens on the SP photostimulation program had 8.9 LYF compared to 8.0 in FP hens at sexual maturity, the FF feeding regimen hens had 9.0 LYF compared to 7.9 in SF hens. The gradual feeding program of the SF treatment may be a potential means of limiting follicle recruitment and thereby potentially increasing settable egg production compared with feeding programs using more rapidly increasing feed allocations. Key words: Broiler breeders, photostimulation program, feed restriction, ovary morphology

scholarly journals Histomorphology and histochemistry of testis of indigenous bull (Bos indicus) of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Gofur ◽  
MZI Khan ◽  
MR Karim ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Histomorphological and histochemical features of testes were studied in six adult indigenous bulls (Bos indicus) of two different age groups, 1 year 9 months to 2 years of age (group A) and 2 years 3 months to 2 years 6 months of age (group B) during the period from September 2006 to April 2007 by using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, Verhoeff's stain, Van Gieson's stain and Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction (PAS) stain. The testes were surrounded by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis (consisted of mesothelium and connective tissue) and tunica albugenia mainly composed of collagen fibers. The seminiferous tubules were tortuous, two ended loops and varying in appearance and the wall of tubules consisted of lamina propria, basement membrane supported by reticular fibers and a lining of complex stratified epithelium consisted of sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. The sertoli cells are irregulary columnar cells, extended from basal lamina to lumen of tubules and the spermatogenic cells situated between the sertoli cells in an orderly manner with four to eight layers occupying the space between the basal lamina and the lumen of the tubules. There was presence of both spermatid and spermatozoa in the lumen of some seminiferous tubules of testes of bulls of both age groups. The spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes showed more staining affinity than the spermatid in routine staining technique. The basement membrane of tubules, spermatid and spermatozoa showed positive affinity whereas spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes showed negative affinity to PAS stain. The interstitial tissues located between the sminiferous tubules, consisted of connective tissue network, mainly composed of collagenous and reticular fibers; blood and lymph vessels with Leydig cells. The Leydig cells were present as single or groups within intertubular spaces. It was concluded that the thickness of tunica albuginea, the stratification of growing spermatogenic cells and cross sectional length and breadth of the seminiferous tubules of testes were higher in the bull of group B than group A and the number of Leydig cells were more in the testis of group A than group B and in between left and right testes, the thickness of tunica albuginea and cross sectional length and breadth of the seminiferous tubules were higher in the left testis but the number of Leydig cells was higher in right testis in both age groups. Key words: Testis, seminiferous tubule, Leydig cell, indigenous bull DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1341 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 67-74

Ultrasonographic findings in the ovine udder during lactogenesis in healthy ewes or ewes with pregnancy toxaemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S Barbagianni ◽  
Pagona G Gouletsou ◽  
Irene Valasi ◽  
Ioannis G Petridis ◽  
Ilias Giannenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Group A ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pregnancy Toxaemia

Objective of the study was to record, by means of ultrasonographic examination, changes occurring during lactogenesis in the udder of healthy ewes and of ewes with pregnancy toxaemia. The work was carried out in 28 ewes, 16 with pregnancy toxaemia (group A) and 12 healthy controls (group B). B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the udder of ewes was performed. During the last month of pregnancy, grey-scale intensity values of mammary parenchyma in group A were significantly greater than in group B (P= 0·007), as was also the progressive increase in grey-scale intensity values in both groups (P< 0·001). Blood mammary input was significantly greater in ewes of group B than in ewes of group A (P< 0·05), as was also the progressive increase in blood input in both groups (P< 0·001). Further, differences between the two groups were identified in pulsatility index (P= 0·007) and in mean blood velocity (P= 0·036), but only during the last fortnight of pregnancy. After lambing, grey-scale values decreased sharply compared to those in pregnancy (P< 0·01), whilst blood input, pulsatility index and mean blood velocity continued the same trend as at the last stage of pregnancy, with differences between the two groups still prevalent (P< 0·05). There was a reverse correlation between grey-scale intensity values and milk quantities (P< 0·035) and a correlation between blood input and milk quantities (P< 0·07). The progressive increase in the diameter of the external pudendal artery was significant (P< 0·001), but no significant differences were evident between the two groups (P> 0·35). Differences between group A and group B in all other haemodynamic parameters studied were not significant, neither throughout the last month of pregnancy (P> 0·25), nor during the first week of lactation (P> 0·06). However, their progressive changes during the last month of pregnancy were significant (P< 0·02).

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

Comparison of one-year prognosis of patients classified as chronic critical lower limb ischaemia according to TASC II or European consensus definition in the COPART cohort

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 0220-0228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Vircoulon ◽  
Carine Boulon ◽  
Ileana Desormais ◽  
Philippe Lacroix ◽  
Victor Aboyans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Medical Group ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

Background: We compared one-year amputation and survival rates in patients fulfilling 1991 European consensus critical limb ischaemia (CLI) definition to those clas, sified as CLI by TASC II but not European consensus (EC) definition. Patients and methods: Patients were selected from the COPART cohort of hospitalized patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease suffering from lower extremity rest pain or ulcer and who completed one-year follow-up. Ankle and toe systolic pressures and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were measured. The patients were classified into two groups: those who could benefit from revascularization and those who could not (medical group). Within these groups, patients were separated into those who had CLI according to the European consensus definition (EC + TASC II: group A if revascularization, group C if medical treatment) and those who had no CLI by the European definition but who had CLI according to the TASC II definition (TASC: group B if revascularization and D if medical treatment). Results: 471 patients were included in the study (236 in the surgical group, 235 in the medical group). There was no difference according to the CLI definition for survival or cardiovascular event-free survival. However, major amputations were more frequent in group A than in group B (25 vs 12 %, p = 0.046) and in group C than in group D (38 vs 20 %, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Major amputation is twice as frequent in patients with CLI according to the historical European consensus definition than in those classified to the TASC II definition but not the EC. Caution is required when comparing results of recent series to historical controls. The TASC II definition of CLI is too wide to compare patients from clinical trials so we suggest separating these patients into two different stages: permanent (TASC II but not EC definition) and critical ischaemia (TASC II and EC definition).

Absorbable suture material in carotid surgery

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gasbarro ◽  
Luca Traina ◽  
Francesco Mascoli ◽  
Vincenzo Coscia ◽  
Gianluca Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suture Material ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Carotid Surgery ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Absorbable Suture Material ◽  
Absorbable Sutures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Background: Absorbable sutures are not generally accepted by most vascular surgeons for the fear of breakage of the suture line and the risk of aneurysmal formation, except in cases of paediatric surgery or in case of infections. Aim of this study is to provide evidence of safety and efficacy of the use of absorbable suture materials in carotid surgery. Patients and methods: In an 11 year period, 1126 patients (659 male [58.5 %], 467 female [41.5 %], median age 72) underwent carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis by either conventional with primary closure (cCEA) or eversion (eCEA) techniques. Patients were randomised into two groups according to the type of suture material used. In Group A, absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) was used and in Group B non-absorbable suture material (polypropylene) was used. Primary end-point was to compare severe restenosis and aneurysmal formation rates between the two groups of patients. For statistical analysis only cases with a minimum period of follow-up of 12 months were considered. Results: A total of 868 surgical procedures were considered for data analysis. Median follow-up was 6 years (range 1-10 years). The rate of postoperative complications was better for group A for both cCEA and eCEA procedures: 3.5 % and 2.0 % for group A, respectively, and 11.8 % and 12.9 % for group B, respectively. Conclusions: In carotid surgery, the use of absorbable suture material seems to be safe and effective and with a general lower complications rate compared to the use of non-absorbable materials.

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