scholarly journals Improved forage production practice and challenges in Libokemkem District, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Workye Melese ◽  
Aschalew Assefa ◽  
Kirkim Dehninet
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Strong Extension

Cross sectional study was conducted with the objective of assessing improved forage production practice and challenges faced by farmers. Both random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents in the district. The collected data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 16. The major feed resource in the dry season was crop residue (Index value = 0.312) and natural pasture in wet season (Idex value=0.392). Majority of the households (55.6%) were not cultivating improved forage and the most frequently cultivated improved forages were elephant grass (Index value 0.211), rhodes grass (Index value 0.163), and dasho grass (index value 0.155). Shortage of land, lack of input, lack of awareness, and poor extension service were the challenges faced by farmers in their descending order of importance. From this result it can be concluded that improved forage production practice is poor and strong extension service delivery is recommended.

scholarly journals The status of integrated care on the chronic abuse of alcohol response - A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Moreira de Sousa ◽  
L Lopes ◽  
P Costa ◽  
G Martins-Coelho ◽  
R Capucho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Index Value

Abstract Background In 2017, the risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption was the health indicator with a more negative impact on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Sustainable Development Goals Health Index Value in Portugal. According to data from 2012-14, the Alto Tâmega and Barroso (ATB) had the highest value of Years of potential life lost (YPLL) in North Portugal - 4570,1/10.000 people. Liver chronic disease was the specific cause of death that contributed to the value of YPLL - 465,4/10.000 people. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Northern Health Administration and the General Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies. We compared the number of patients with chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) in 2018, the leading causes of death between 2012-14, the main morbidity causes according to data from primary healthcare (PHC) physicians in 2018 and the number of patients in specialized treatment team (STT) for alcohol abuse treatment in 2018 in ATB. Results In 2018, 2643 patients of ATB had a diagnosis of CAC; only 178 were followed by an STT. Although CAC had a massive influence on YPLL, this was only the 11º cause of morbidity in ATB according to the data from PHC. The number of women with CAC was stable between 2012 (n = 284) and 2018 (n = 291). In the same period, there was an increase of 52,86% of CAC on men (n = 1523 to n = 2348). Even though 18,4% of YPLL due to chronic liver disease happen in women, only 11,2%of the patients with CAC in the PHC are women. Conclusions There is a need for the improvement of CAC diagnosis in PHC, and the improvement of referral of patients to STT and hospital care. Besides, to reach the SDG3, there is the need to work intensely on SDG 17 (partnership for the goals). The Public Health Unit of ATB is organizing Operation PROMETEU to improve communication, institutional collaboration, and monitoring of the existing health activities that are tackling CAC. Key messages The need to integrate data from different healthcare sources for a better analysis on health problems. The urgent need to tackle the alcohol abuse problem in ATB.

scholarly journals Evaluation and characterization of multimorbidity profiles, resource consumption and healthcare needs in extremely elderly people

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laisa Socorro Briongos-Figuero ◽  
Marta Cobos-Siles ◽  
Miriam Gabella-Martín ◽  
Jesica Abadía-Otero ◽  
Rosa Lobo-Valentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Objectives Spanish population lifespan is one of the longest in the world. Moreover, it is known that elderly people have less chronic illnesses associated with aging. Our aims were to determine how Clinical Risk Group (CRG) predicts future use of healthcare resources in extremely elderly people without diabetes (T2DM) and to explore CRG correlation with health conditions. Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Setting Rio Hortega University Hospital. Participants Hospitalized patients >80 years old without T2DM, during 2017. Main outcome measures Mental status was evaluated using Pfeiffer test (SPMQS), Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) were estimated using the Older Americans Resources and Services questionnaire. Comorbidity was evaluated using Charlson index (CI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with EuroQoL (EQ5D3L). CRG classification system was obtained from electronic clinical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. Results In total, 305 patients were identified (59% women), mean age 88 ± 5 and 38% were aged >90. Estimated HRQoL was 0.43 ± 0.33 for EQ5D3L-index-value. Mean dependence level was 6.2 ± 5 for BADLs and 9.2 ± 5 for IADLs. In total, 31.6% of patients had severe cognitive impairment with a mean score of 5.4 ± 3.6 in SPMQS. In total, 30.2% of patients were categorized as G3, and presented high comorbidity more frequently than the rest. Corrected CI mean score was 6.2 ± 1.7. Significant relationship was founded in survival time, number of admissions and CI score. Conclusions Using predictive risk models like CRG is supposed to assess the complexity of morbidity but in our extremely elderly population partially fail in stratify and predict health resource consumption.

Location, seasonal and functional characteristics of water-holding containers with juvenile Aedes albopictus in urban southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsien Lin ◽  
Karin L Schiøler ◽  
Flemming Konradsen
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Southern Taiwan

Abstract Background Urban Kaohsiung City (KC), in southern Taiwan, has experienced annual dengue epidemics for decades despite considerable vector control efforts. Substantial research has been undertaken to characterize Aedes aegypti breeding habitats, but no systematic assessment has been completed for Aedes albopictus present in KC. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a predefined area of KC. Each identified container was characterised by season, location, ownership, function and number of juvenile A. aegypti. Negative binomial hurdle analyses were applied to evaluate the association between the number of juvenile A. albopictus and the characteristics of each identified container. Results For all containers, high numbers of A. albopictus were significantly predicted by containers identified during the wet season (vs dry), located on government (vs private) property and classified as a discarded item (vs water storage). For outdoor containers, more A. albopictus were significantly predicted by wet season (vs dry) and discarded item (vs container in use). Conclusions In order to improve dengue prevention in KC, we propose that vector control efforts be expanded to include A. albopictus through an increased focus during the wet season on discarded containers that are located outdoors and on government property.

scholarly journals Assessment of Veterinary Extension Service and Public Perception on Major Infectious and Zoonotic Disease at Robe Veterinary Clinic of Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Abda Neja ◽  
Amir Adam
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Bale Zone

Abstract Background A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2021 to assess veterinary extension service and public perception on major infectious and zoonotic diseases at Robe veterinary clinic. 384 animal owners who brought their animals for treatment were interviewed. Results The result indicated that 70.8% of respondents had no veterinary extension service. The majority (88%) had no access to the veterinary consultant. Although 51.6% of them used AI, only 7.8% of them know how to detect estrous. The most frequently known zoonotic diseases were Rabies (96.6%) followed by Anthrax (33.07%), and Tuberculosis (4.2%). Out of the 96.6% of respondents that replied to know about Rabies, 51.8% of them mentioned the disease can be transmitted only through dog biting while 14.8% of them say through biting and contact with saliva. Likewise, only 43.3% of respondents perceive that Anthrax is transmitted through ingestion, whereas 85% of them mentioned Tuberculosis can be transmitted from animal to humans only through inhalation. Although most animal owners prefer early treatment of animals in the veterinary clinic, there are also practices of traditional animal treatment. Remarkable only 16.4% and 24.7% of respondents know the importance of vaccination and slaughterhouse respectively. 93.8% and 94.8% of them still consume raw milk and meat respectively. Conclussion : The finding indicates that veterinary extension services are a neglected venture; the knowledge, attitude, and practice on prevention and control of major infectious and zoonotic diseases are still insufficient. Therefore there should be multidisciplinary one-health approach in educating the community about infectious and zoonotic diseases.

Trematode Infections in Freshwater Snails and Seasonal Variations in Iringa and Arumeru Districts, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
J. Nzalawahe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Selection Of

Understanding of the larval trematode infections in snail intermediate hosts is essential in designing appropriate control measures. The current study was designed to determine larval trematode infection and seasonal variations in freshwater intermediate host snails Iringa and Arumeru Districts where trematode infections in cattle are endemic. A repeated cross-sectional study was adopted whereby Snails were collected three times a year (dry, early wet and mid wet). The selection of water bodies for sampling was based on random sampling and snails were collected by scooping method. The collected snails were identified based on the published morphological keys. A total of 2,016 snails were collected and 134 (6.6%) were found to be infected with trematode larvae. Six species of snails were identified that were Radix natalensis, Bulinus africanus group snails, Bulinus tropicus group snails, Bulinus forskalli group snails, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Ceratophallous natalensis. Five morphologically different types of cercariae were identified that included gymnocephalous, amphistomes, mammalian Schistosoma, avian Schistosoma and Xiphidiocercariae. The findings on overall seasonal snail infection rates indicated low rate during the wet season while peak of infections were in the dry and early wet seasons. It is concluded that domesticated ruminants in the study areas are at high risk of getting infected with the trematodes (Fasciola and amphistomes) during dry and early wet seasons. Therefore, deworming of domesticated ruminants with an effective flukicide is recommended at the end of the wet season and followed by a treatment in mid dry season and the last treatment in early wet season.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
KETUT SURYANA ◽  
HAMONG SUHARSONO ◽  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Eq Vas

Objective: To assess Quality of life (QoL) and its associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2019 to January 2020 at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. QoL was assessed using the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), EQ-5D index value, and the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software package version 26.0. Bivariate analysis was tested using the cross-tabulation Gamma, Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test. P value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 584 PLWHA took HAART for at least 3 mo. The median index value and EQ-VAS were 1.0 (range-0.514–1.0) and 100.00 (range 30-100), respectively. Most patients had problems in ‘anxiety/depression’ and ‘pain/discomfort’ domains. Predictors of better QoL included men, married, good adherence, and treatment duration>24 mo (p<0.05). Predictor of poorer QoL included an advanced HIV clinical stage(p=0.001). Conclusion: The QoL scores of PLWHA receiving HAART in our study were high; hence the QoL of PLWHA was good. The good QoL can be taken as the goal for HIV treatment in order to have a successful HAART therapy.

scholarly journals Oral health status of disabled children

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Gul Nahar ◽  
Md Amzad Hossain ◽  
Mohammod Borhan Uddin Howlader ◽  
Anam Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decayed Tooth ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Index Value

110 disabled and 110 normal healthy children with the age range from 3 to 14 were examined in this cross sectional study. The average number of decayed tooth found 5.6 in deciduous and 6.5 in mixed dentition in disabled children, and the numbers were 3.5 and 4.0 respectively in normal children. Average number of missing tooth was 1.3 in disabled and was 1.0 normal child. The oral hygiene index value was 3 in disabled and 2.47 were in healthy children. In the disabled children, 36% respondents had normal gingiva, 50% had mild gingivitis and 14% had marked gingivitis; but in the normal children, about 73% showed normal gingiva, 23% developed mild gingivitis and only 4.5% had marked gingivitis. DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v36i2.6989Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010; 36: 61-63

A cross-sectional study of helminths in rural scavenging poultry in Tanzania in relation to season and climate

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Permin ◽  
H. Magwisha ◽  
A.A. Kassuku ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
M. Bisgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raillietina Echinobothrida ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

AbstractA cross-sectional study on the prevalence of helminths in rural scavenging poultry on six hundred adult chickens selected randomly from six villages in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania during the wet and the dry seasons, was conducted. The trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird were examined for the presence of parasites. All chickens were infected with one or several species of helminths, the average being 4.8 ±1.7 helminths per chicken during the wet season and 5.1 ± 1.8 during the dry season. A total of 29 different helminth species were shown in the trachea or the gastrointestinal tract. The following species were identified: Syngamus trachea (0.7% (wet season), 2% (dry season)); Gongylonema ingluvicola (6.3%, 17.7%); Tetrameres americana (54.3%, 60.3%); Dispharynx nasuta (0%, 2.7%); Acuaria hamulosa (8.3%, 19.3%); Ascaridia galli (28.3%, 32.3%); Heterakis gallinarum (74.0%, 78.7%); H. isolonche (18.7%, 5.0%); H. dispar (25.7%, 6.3%); Allodapa suctoria (40.0%, 52.0%); Subulura strongylina (3.3%, 1.0%); Strongyloides avium (0.3%, 3.0%); Capillaria annulata (2.0%, 0.0%); C. contorta (9.0%, 1.0%); C. caudinflata (2.0%, 4.3%); C. obsignata (8.7%, 25.0%); C. anatis (4.0%, 9.0%); C. bursata (1.0%, 2.7%); Raillietina echinobothrida (41.3%, 46.3%); R. tetragona (25.3%, 21.3%); R. cesticillus (8.7%, 2.7%); Choanotaenia infundibulum (0.0%, 3.7%); Hymenolepis carioca (9.0%, 18.0%); H. cantaniana (48.0%, 43.0%); Amoebotaenia cuneata (39.3%, 36.0%); Metroliasthes lucida (1.0%, 0.3%); Davainea proglottina (5.7%, 0.3%) and Polymorphus boschadis (0.3%, 0.0%). No trematodes were found. No correlation was found between season and prevalence, or season and mean worm burdens. Twelve helminths of the species recovered represent new local records.

scholarly journals Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of tobacco-associated diseases and how it is influenced by tobacco products advertisement, promotion and sponsorship while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban in Panama: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e024373
Author(s):  
Hedley Knewjen Quintana ◽  
Víctor Herrera ◽  
Cecilio Niño ◽  
Beatriz Gómez ◽  
Reina Roa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Index Value

ObjectivesAssessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) of tobacco-associated diseases, and how it is influenced by tobacco products' advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban.DesignThe Panamanian implementation of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey: an international standardised cross-sectional survey study.SettingNational Panamanian population aged between 15 years and 29 years old.ParticipantsThere were 4796 responding participants (n=905 830 in the expanded sample).Primary and secondary outcomesAn index was developed using factorial analysis using TAPS and KAP variables. The primary outcomes were: (1) The national median index value. (2) The index value stratified by sex, age, occupation, income quintile and geographical areas. (3) The first and second factor loadings (FFL and SFL, respectively) for variables included in the KAP index.ResultsFifteen out of the 16 variables comprising the index were variables related to KAP and one variable was related to TAPS. The top three variables according to their FFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1) ‘… bladder cancer’. (2) ‘… breast cancer’. (3) ‘… stomach cancer’. The top three variables according to the SFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1)‘… chronic bronchitis’. (2) ‘… myocardial infarction’. (3) ‘… lung cancer’. Illegal tobacco advertisement in posters was the only TAPS variable included in the index. The national KAP index value was 0.26. Our results show that current smokers, teens, men, people with the lowest income quintile, and those living in Guna Yala Indigenous Territory (health region with the highest smoking prevalence) had a lower median value than the national median.ConclusionsMen, young adults and deprived youth had the lowest median KAP index. Illegal TAPS had no influence on the KAP of tobacco-associated diseases when a strong and comprehensive ban is enforced.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte index of residents exposed to lead in Tambaklorok, Semarang, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Budi Santosa ◽  
Herlisa Anggraini ◽  
Ika Dyah Mawarni ◽  
Niza Muliatun ◽  
Ardiansyah Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erythrocyte Morphology ◽  
Normal Category ◽  
Smear Preparation ◽  
Index Value

Erythrocyte index can form erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. Lead exposure in Tambaklorok exceeds the threshold that affects anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the erythrocyte index confirmation with erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2month in Tambaklorok Semarang residents and 104 samples were taken using the purposive technique. Erythrocyte index was measured using the hematological analyzer and erythrocyte morphology in the peripheral blood smear preparation using Giemsa painting. Erythrocyte index confirmation with the peripheral blood smear preparation was analyzed using the Gamma statistical relationship test. The results showed that the erythrocyte index value was mostly in the normal category, i.e., MCH 68 (64.4%), MCHC 61 (58.6%) and MCH 58 (56%) and below normal category were MCH 45 (42.95%), MCHC 41 (39.4%), and MCV 36 (34.3%). Erythrocyte morphology was mostly hypochromic, namely 46 (44.23%), normochrome 40 (38.46%), and hyperchrome 18 (17.3%). Relationship of MCH with erythrocyte color p-value 0.037 with size p-value 0.038. Conclusion of erythrocyte index confirmation, especially MCH with the peripheral blood smear preparation, there was a match on the color and size of erythrocytes, while the MCV and MCHC values had no significant relationship.

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