scholarly journals Monitoring the activity and biology of pest Bruchus rufimanus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in beans crops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Hamani-Aoudjit ◽  
Ferroudja Medjdoub-Bensaad
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Sexual Partnership ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Protein Levels

The main objective of this study is the Population dynamics evaluation of broad bean bruchid Bruchus rufimanus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in crops beans of Vicia faba within the El Asnam’s region (Algeria). A weekly monitoring of B. rufimanus was made during breeding diapauses in the laboratory and during their colonization in the parcel of variety of Séville, and then a comparative study had been implemented to characterize the total haemolymphatic protein levels during diapause and the periods of reproductive activity. The obtained results demonstrated that after the diapause period, the colonization of the field by adults of B. rufimanus coincides with the period of full bloom of the host plant which represents a trophic source necessary for the reproductive activity. 54 beetles were captured from which 28 were males. Oviposition covering a period of one month and 15 days, with a total of 168 eggs being counted, of which 72 were placed on the low layer pods. The total hemolymphatic protein content of B. rufimanus was found a high concentration during diapause and varying between 46 to 85.8ìg/ìl. High levels of protein were probably due to the stock of proteins during the larval life of this pest. Protein levels had decreased significantly in April, reflecting a recovery in the activity and colonization of bean fields for food, sexual partnership, spawning, and other activities. However, throughout the month of May, the protein concentration increased due to the pollen supply provided by the host plant and weeds present in the agrosystem.

scholarly journals Quality Attributes of Ultra-High Temperature-Treated Model Beverages Prepared with Faba Bean Protein Concentrates

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Malik Adil Nawaz ◽  
Tanoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Regine Stockmann ◽  
Hema Jegasothy ◽  
Roman Buckow
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
7S Globulin ◽  
Bean Protein

The objective of this research was to develop a model faba bean drink with a high concentration of protein (>4% w/w). The protein molecular weights and frequency for both faba and soy were assessed using SDS-PAGE. Results showed similarities in the protein molecular weight of both faba and soy (mainly 11S globulin ~Glycinin and 7S globulin ~β-conglycinin). Thus, faba can be considered as a potential soy replica in plant-based milk beverages. Oil-in-water emulsions (5–8% w/w available protein) were prepared using faba bean protein concentrate (FPC), 1% sunflower oil, and 0.2% sunflower lecithin. These emulsions were used as model beverages and were further investigated for UHT processibility, stability, and physicochemical properties. The physicochemical properties of emulsions at various processing stages viz., coarse emulsification, homogenisation, and UHT, were measured. An increase in the protein concentration and thermal treatment resulted in an increased oil droplet size, coalescence and flocculation, and protein aggregation. Lower protein concentrations viz., 5–6%, showed greater negative ζ-potential, and thereby, high dispersibility through enhanced electrostatic repulsions than those of higher concentrations (7–8%). Furthermore, an increase in protein concentration and UHT treatment resulted in an increased creaming index. In total, 21 different volatile compounds were detected and quantified, representing different chemical classes, namely alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furan, and acids. These volatiles have major consequences for the overall flavour chemistry of the model beverage product. Overall, this study showed the potential for application of faba bean as a protein source in UHT-treated legume-based beverages and identified areas for further development.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation in children with hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Harris ◽  
Diego M. Morales ◽  
Rooshan Arshad ◽  
James P. McAllister ◽  
David D. Limbrick
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Shunt Failure ◽  
Revision Operation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems for hydrocephalus fail within the first year and 98% of all patients will have shunt failure in their lifetime. Obstruction remains the most common reason for shunt failure. Previous evidence suggests elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CSF are associated with worsening clinical outcomes in neuroinflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute towards shunt failure in hydrocephalus. Methods Using multiplex ELISA, this study examined shunt failure through the CSF protein concentration profiles of select pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as select MMPs. Interdependencies such as the past number of previous revisions, length of time implanted, patient age, and obstruction or non-obstruction revision were examined. The pro-inflammatory cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IFN-γ. The anti-inflammatory cytokines were IL-4 and IL-10, and the MMPs were MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9. Protein concentration is reported as pg/mL for each analyte. Results Patient CSF was obtained at the time of shunt revision operation; all pediatric (< 18), totaling n = 38. IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 demonstrated significantly increased concentrations in patient CSF for the non-obstructed subgroup. Etiological examination revealed IL-6 was increased in both obstructed and non-obstructed cases for PHH and congenital hydrocephalic patients, while IL-8 was higher only in PHH patients. In terms of number of past revisions, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9 progressively increased from zero to two past revisions and then remained low for subsequent revisions. This presentation was notably absent in the obstruction subgroup. Shunts implanted for three months or less showed significantly increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-7 in the obstruction subgroup. Lastly, only patients aged six months or less presented with significantly increased concentration of IL-8 and MMP-7. Conclusion Non-obstructive cases are reported here to accompany significantly higher CSF cytokine and MMP protein levels compared to obstructive cases for IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. A closer examination of the definition of obstruction and the role neuroinflammation plays in creating shunt obstruction in hydrocephalic patients is suggested.

THE EFFECTS OF HOST-PLANT GENOTYPE ON HERBIVORE POPULATION DYNAMICS

Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Underwood ◽  
Mark D. Rausher
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Genotype

scholarly journals Evaluation of airway inflammation in mechanically ventilated patients using cell count and protein concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodopi Stamatiou ◽  
Vasiliki Tsolaki ◽  
Apostolia Hatziefthimiou ◽  
Epaminondas Zakynthinos ◽  
Demosthenes Makris
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Bronchial Secretions ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Standardize Sampling ◽  
Ventilated Patients

AbstractMechanically ventilated (MV) patients may present airway inflammation and elevated secretion production. However, it is unknown whether cell and/or protein counts in bronchial samples may be useful to evaluate their clinical condition. Our aim was to standardize sampling and propose a new mechanical mucus dissolution in Tracheal-Bronchial secretions. In all patients, bronchial lining fluid aspiration (BLF), Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Bronchial Washings (BW40, BW5) were performed, while visible bronchial secretions were obtained via bronchoscopy (VBS) and blinded, via a common catheter for tracheobronchial aspiration (AC). Mucus was mechanically or DTT dissolved and cell number was count. Protein, albumin and TNF-α levels were measured, in mucus dissolved samples from control and MV patients. Cell number and protein levels were elevated in mucus dissolved compared to non-dissolved, or DTT dissolved. Cell number and TNF-α levels were elevated in MV patients compared to controls, while protein levels were lower in MV patients. Differences in cell and protein levels were observed in samples acquired using different sampling technics. Therefore, mechanical mucus dissolution provides a proper sample for evaluation, and the sampling technic used can influence the sample’s characteristics.

The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gonzalez ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six individually-penned ewes (mean live weight 69 kg), each suckling two lambs, were given one of three diets containing either 128 (low), 155 (medium) or 186 (high) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter. All diets contained (g/kg), milled hay, 570; molasses, 95; and a barley/fish meal concentrate, 330. The three protein concentrations were achieved by adjusting the proportions of barley and fish meal in the concentrate. Each diet was given at daily metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 19, 23 and 27 MJ. Mean daily yields of milk in weeks 3 to 8 of lactation for ewes given the diet with the low concentration of crude protein increased from 2·32 kg at 19 MJ ME to 2·53 kg at 27 MJ. Corresponding values for the medium concentration of CP were 2·49 and 2·67 kg and for the high concentration 2·52 and 3·09 kg (P < 0·05 for differences between ME intakes and differences between dietary protein concentrations). For milk composition, interactions between the concentration of dietary protein and level of ME intake were not statistically significant but the main treatment effects were significant, with the protein concentration in milk increasing from 49·6 g/kg for ewes given the low concentration of dietary protein to 54·1 g/kg for those given the high (P < 0·001). Corresponding values for protein concentration in milk for the lowest and highest energy intake were 51·2 and 53·4 g/kg (P < 0·05). Losses of tissue protein were variable but decreased from 26 g/day for ewes given the low-protein diet to 8 g/day for those given the high. In discussing the responses in milk yield to dietary protein and ME intake attention is drawn to the modifying influence of the energy contributed from body tissue.

Influence of gibberellic acid and N6-benzyladenine on the development of seed and shot berries in the seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Perlette

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
K. Usha ◽  
D. Kashyap ◽  
B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seedless Grape

Gibberellins have been used to improve quality of grapes in several cases. However, gibberellic acid (GA) alone is not enough to improve the quality in Perlette. A field experiment was conducted on 3-year-old grape cv. Perlette trained on pergolas, to investigate the effect of bunch dipping with GA3 and N6-benzyladenine (BA) on reducing the problem of shot berries and improving the productivity of grapevines. Our observations proved that the stage of application of GA3 and BA is crucial to avoiding seed formation in seedless varieties such as Perlette for table grapes. The results showed that BA at low (10 µL/L) or high concentration (30 µL/L) at 50% of full bloom caused seed development in the seedless grape cv. Perlette, whereas no seed was formed when BA was used later at the fruit set stage. Based on our studies, we found that bunch dipping with 30 µL/L GA3 (at 50% of full bloom) and 10µL/L BA (at pea size) significantly reduced the problem of shot berries, and improved the yield and quality in grape cv. Perlette.

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