scholarly journals Beginnings of Indian Astronomy with Reference to a Parallel Development in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Asko Parpola

Hypotheses of a Mesopotamian origin for the Vedic and Chinese star calendars are unfounded. The Yangshao culture burials discovered at Puyang in 1987 suggest that the beginnings of Chinese astronomy go back to the late fourth millennium BCE. The instructive similarities between the Chinese and Indian luni-solar calendrical astronomy and cosmology therefore with great likelihood result from convergent parallel development and not from diffusion.

The ICRC Library is home to unique collections retracing the parallel development of humanitarian action and law during the past 150+ years. With the core of these collections now digitized, this reference library on international humanitarian law (IHL) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a resource available to all, anytime, anywhere.


Author(s):  
Doug Rosenberg ◽  
Barry Boehm ◽  
Matt Stephens ◽  
Charles Suscheck ◽  
Shobha Rani Dhalipathi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Andrei Yu. Asriev ◽  
Irina A. Mavrina

The purpose of the article is to identify, analyze and describe the phenomenon of the long-term parallel development of Russian and German socio-pedagogical theories, which have common roots, but at the same time each has a certain uniqueness. The general concepts of social education are revealed, which form the basis of social pedagogy in Russia and Germany, create the possibility of mutual enrichment with experience, and differences in their development in practice make it possible to fairly accurately determine mutual interests and needs. The possibility of mutual enrichment of social and pedagogical practices is shown, the use of which requires an understanding of the similarities and differences in the concepts of social pedagogy in both countries.


1969 ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
H. W. Arthurs

The lawmaking process has diffused substantially in the past years, resulting in an increasing maze of departmental subordinate legislation. This phenomenon has not been accompanied by parallel development of controls resulting in complaints about "bureaucracy", red-tape, inaccessability, and poor draftsmanship, and in demands for review and control. Professor Arthurs recognizes the practical inevitability of the system, but discusses the present situation critically, suggesting reforms which might help to make the regulatory process more compatible with "participatory democracy".


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Anjali Pandey

Indian folk arts establish the ethos of life and the foundation of folk culture. The culture and civilization of Nimar can be seen in folklore, folklore, folk paintings. The inclusion of symbols in the making of various Teej-festivals folk paintings shows the presence in their sociality. Parallel development of a beautiful beautiful painting tradition of land ornamentation with paintings made on the occasion of rituals. The design of geometrical form is reflected in land ornamentation. Jyoti, Nag, Kuldevi, Dussehra, Bhayuduj, Sureti, Ahoi Ashtami, Sanjhafuli, Diwali Hatay, Manna, Satiya, Check Kalash etc. are prominent in the mural paintings. The basic feeling of folk paintings is graphical. For illustration, the primary colors are red, yellow, blue, green, black and white, etc. The artist prepares the traditional method. There is no definite rule of color legislation in folk paintings and styles of making paintings are like stereotypes. Every activity in life tries to express in pictures the folk artist. Due to the influence of modern modernity, activities related to the picture tradition are now getting reduced. There is a need to save these colors so that this art flourishes. भारतीय लोक कलाऐं जीवन के आचार-विचार तथा लोक संस्कृति की नींव स्थापित करती है। निमाड़ की संस्कृति व सभ्यता, को लोकगीत, लोककथा, लोकचित्रों में देखा जा सकता है। विभिन्न तीज-त्यौहारों लोक चित्रों के बनाने में प्रतीकों का समावेष उनकी सामाजिकता में उपस्थिती को दर्षाते है। अनुष्ठानों के अवसर पर बनाये जाने वाले चित्रों के साथ भूमि अलंकरण की एक मांगलिक सुन्दर चित्र परम्परा का समानान्तर विकास हुआ है। भूमि अलंकरण में ज्यामितीय रूप के आकल्पन की प्रमुखता दर्षित होती है। भित्ती चित्रों में जीरोती, नाग, कुलदेवी, दषहरा, भाईदूज, सुरेती, अहोई अष्टमी, सांझाफूली,दीवाली हाते, मांड़ना, सातिया, चैक कलष आदि प्रमुख है। लोक चित्रों की मूल भावना रेखांकन की होती है। चित्रण के लिये लाल, पीला, नीला, हरा, काला और सफेद आंिद प्राथमिक रंगों को कलाकार पारम्परिक विधि से तैयार करते है। लोक चित्रों में रंग विधान का कोई निष्चित नियम नहीं होता है व चित्रों को बनाने की शैलियाॅं रूढ़ि की तरह होती है। जीवन की प्रत्येक गतिविधि को चित्रों में व्यक्त करने की कोषिष लोकचित्र कलाकार करता है। वर्तमान आधुनिकता के प्रभाव के कारण चित्र परम्परा से जुडे़ क्रिया कलाप अब कम होते जा रहे है। आवष्यकता है कि इन कलारूप को सहेजा जाए जिससे यह कला पल्लवित पुष्पित होती रहे।


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
G Rajarajeswari

Time is an important tool for mankind. We follow it with clocks and calendars. It is very important to measure time, as it keeps track of the age of people, animals and anything around us. Measuring time is always relative and not absolute.The need for fixing proper time for performing rituals urged the astronomical quest in India..Astronomy is a science which plays a vital role in our day to day life.The Hindu Calendar is called Pañcāṅga. Pañcāṅga is a tool for knowing the movement and position of various celestial objects. It is used to calculate the auspicious timings of any day for performing the rituals.It is based on the positions of Sun and Moon.Calculation and measurement of time had been a need and an enigma for man from time immemorial. As time passed man used various methods and devices for its measurement. Man keeps improving upon his methods and devices.


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