scholarly journals Molecular markers in the genetic analysis of crossability of bread wheat with rye

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-567
Author(s):  
I. V. Porotnikov ◽  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
O. P. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wheat Gene ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Ph1 Gene ◽  
New Varieties

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the varieties of which are widely used for the grain production, is difficultly crossable with related species of Triticeae Dum. This factor limits the chance of introduction of alien genetic material into the wheat gene pool and the possibility of new varieties breeding with good adaptation to adverse environmental factors. The crossability between wheat and related species is controlled by Kr1-Kr4 genes (Crossability with Rye, Hordeum and Aegilops spp.) and the SKr gene (Suppressor of crossability). SKr and Kr1 have the largest influence on the trait. In the case of the recessive alleles, these genes do not function and the quantity of hybrid seeds after pollination with alien species can achieve more than 50 %. SKr is located on 5BS between the GBR0233 and Xgwm234 markers, closely linked with the markers Xcfb341, TGlc2 and gene12. Kr1 was mapped on 5BL, proximally to the Ph1 gene, between the EST-SSR markers Xw5145 and Xw9340. The markers of SKr were used to control the transfer of its recessive allele into other wheat genotypes, which made it possible to obtain highly crossable forms. However, the advantages of using the SKr and Kr1 markers in marker-assisted selection and in the screening of ex situ collections are not sufficiently studied. The published Kr1 sequence for varieties with different crossability offers great prospects, because it will be possible to create allele-specific markers. In this review, the following issues are considered: genetic resources created by wheat and rye hybridization, the geographical distribution of easy-to-cross forms of wheat, genetic control of the wheat and rye compatibility, advances of the use of molecular markers in the mapping of Kr-genes and their transmission control.

Evaluation of heat tolerance indices in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on physiological, biochemical and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Zinkal A. Katakpara ◽  
Harsukh P. Gajera ◽  
Komal N. Vaja ◽  
Kamlesh H. Dabhi ◽  
Balubhai A. Golakiya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Conservation of Fruit Tree Genetic Resources and Their Use in the Breeding Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Botu ◽  
Ion Botu ◽  
Gheorghe Achim ◽  
Silvia Preda ◽  
Anca Scutelnicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The University

Abstract Conservation of fruit tree biodiversity is important for the mankind according to the Convention on Biological Diversity. In Romania, due to favorable environmental conditions, numerous genetic resources of plum, apple, walnut, hazelnut, sweet chestnut and other fruit crops are present. Identification, evaluation and conservation of fruit genetic resources activities were launched in 1970’ in order to limit the loss of the biodiversity due to erosion and genetic vulnerability. Fruit Growing Research & Extension Station (SCDP) of Valcea, which is belonging now to the University of Craiova, was assigned to deal with conservation of genetic resources for the Prunus, Juglans, Corylus and Castanea genera. As result, national hazelnut collection, the sweet chestnut collection and a part of the plum and walnut national collections are located here. Genetic resources of Malus, Pyrus, Sambucus, Carya and Salix are hold in the active collections too. The ex situ collections include 1160 accessions, out of those 48 species, 533 cultivars and 565 other types like hybrids, biotypes, mutants, etc. Autochthonous or ‘original’ accessions include 173 local cultivars and 565 other genotypes. Breeding activity based on valuable germplasm conducted to releasing of a total number of 31 cultivars and 8 rootstocks registered in the Romanian Official Catalogue for Varieties, 15 varieties have been patented in Romania and for one by CPVO. Identification, in situ evaluation, collection, ex situ evaluation, propagation and regeneration activities regarding fruit tree genetic resources have to be continued in order to conserve the local fruit tree biodiversity and to value it through breeding and use of the new varieties in the orchards.

scholarly journals PLUG MARKERS TO DETECT ALIEN GENETIC MATERIAL IN BREAD WHEAT(Triticum aestivum L.) HYBRIDS DURING BREEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Polkhovsky ◽  
P.Yu. Kroupin ◽  
V.S. Rubets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

scholarly journals Allelic variants for Waxy genes in common wheat lines bred at the Lukyanenko National Grain Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-915
Author(s):  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
L. A. Bespalova ◽  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
E. V. Agaeva ◽  
G. I. Bukreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Mutant Forms

This article presents the results of a molecular marker-assisted study of allelic variants of Wx genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. The study was carried out as part of the work on the transfer of null alleles of the genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 to the varieties of soft wheat and creation of breeding material with modified activities of the main enzymes involved in amylose biosynthesis. The lines were obtained at the Department of Breeding and Seed Production of Wheat and Triticale, National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko, by crossing mutant forms carrying inactive (null) alleles of genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 with bread wheat cultivars. The molecular markers selected for the study allowed identification of valuable breeding material carrying both single null alleles of Wx genes and their combinations in its genome. A combination of two null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-D1b) was detected in 30 lines. The presence of three null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-B1b + Wx-D1b), which corresponded to fully Wx wheat, was found in one line. We selected 37 lines that combined the presence of the Wx-B1e allele with the Wx-A1b and Wx-D1b null alleles. The Wx-A1b + Wx-B1e combination was identified in 26 lines, and 24 lines carried the combination of alleles Wx-B1e + Wx-D1b. The mutant forms PI619381, PI619384, and PI619386 were identified as carriers of the functional Wx-B1e allele. The Wx-A1b and Wx-B1e alleles could have been transferred to the studied lines from the donors used or from the Starshina and Korotyshka varieties, respectively. The mutant forms used in the crosses are donors of the Wx-B1b and Wx-D1b alleles. The use of molecular markers chosen by us for identification of the allelic state of the Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 genes can provide grounds for marker-assisted selection for this trait. Selected lines found to possess null alleles of the Wx genes are applicable in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of technological qualities of grain and raise of bread wheat varieties with modified starch properties.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of microsatellite loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and related species

2016 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
Srbislav Dencic ◽  
Novica Mladenov ◽  
Dragana Trkulja ◽  
Sanja Mikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
A Genome ◽  
In The Wild

This study analysed polymorphism of 15 microsatellite loci in the col?lection comprising of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 32 genotypes belonging to other species within Triticum genus and 3 genotypes from Aegilops genus. The results showed significant differences in the variability of the tested loci in bread wheat and related species. In the collection of bread wheat genotypes, 119 alleles were detected with the average number of 7.9 alleles per locus. In wild and cultivated related species 157 alleles were identified, with the average of 10.5 alleles per locus. All analysed parameters of micro?satellite loci variability (PIC value, gene diversity, heterozygosity, etc.) indicated higher level of polymorphism in wild relatives than in the cultivated bread wheat. Analyses of individual genomes indicated that in the bread wheat genetic diversity of the B and D genomes was significantly reduced in relation to the A genome, while the differences in polymorphism between genomes in the wild relatives were significantly lower. The results showed that wild related species can be used as sources for new variability in wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlga Orlovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Dubovets ◽  
Lylia Solovey ◽  
Irina Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

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