scholarly journals Analysis of GH1, GHR and PRL gene polymorphisms for estimation of the genetic diversity of Buryat and Altai cattle breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Lazebnaya ◽  
A. V. Perchun ◽  
B. B. Lhasaranov ◽  
O. E. Lazebny ◽  
Yu. A. Stolpovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Ghr Gene ◽  
Rsai Polymorphism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gene Variability

Small and unique Buryat and Altai cattle breeds of TuranoMongolian origin are well adapted to harsh conditions of the continental climate to be their habitat. However, the population-genetic structure of the breeds has been poorly studied. This paper presents the results of analysis of polymorphisms GH1 (AC_000176.1: BTA 19, exon 5, rs41923484, g.2141C>G, L127V), GHR (AC_000177.1: BTA 20, exon 10, rs109300983, g.257A>G, S555G) and PRL (AC_000180.1: BTA 23, exon 3, g.35108342A>G) in the samples of Buryat cattle breed of Russia, China and Mongolia, and indigenous Altai cattle breed (Russia) that belong to TuranoMongolian cattle. The Russian sample of Buryat breed was differentiated from the Mongolian sample based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the PRL-RsaI polymorphism and from the Chinese sample – based on pairwise G-test values for the GH1-AluI polymorphism. All the three samples of Buryat breed clearly differed from the sample of Altai breed based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the GHR-AluI polymorphism as well as on the base of FST values for the joint polymorphism of the three genes. Nei’s genetic distances calculated from the three gene polymorphisms also confirmed the difference between the two breeds. The results of AMOVA demonstrated that GHR gene variability (16 %) gave the largest contribution to the differentiation that was confirmed by FST values (0.12–0.27). The STRUCTURE software enabled us to reveal four clusters, with a specific ratio for each sample, in the Chinese and Mongolian samples of Buryat breed, and in the sample of Altai breed, while the Russian sample of Buryat breed had only three clusters. The differences within the breed level were determined based on the GH1-AluI and PRL-RsaI polymorphisms, while at the inter-breed level – based on the GHR-AluI polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated significant linkage of the following pairs of genes in the Buryat breed: GH1-GHR, GH1-PRL, GHR-PRL.

REALIZATION OF PARENTAL INDICES OF COW PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MILKING BREEDS AT BREEDING FARM "AGROFIRMA "PAKHMA"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Percentage Protein

Combination of genotypes of main types’ genetic markers causes milk productivity in cattle. The article studies correlation between kappa casein genotypes (C3N3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), their complexes and milk production indices in cows bred under equal conditions at a breeding farm. The calculation of parental milk yield and fat indices between the three breeds showed a significant difference (P>0,999) of PCI of Ayrshire and Holstein cattle breed milk yield - 3395 kg, PCI of fat - 0,22%; between Holstein and Yaroslavl cattle breeds - 3200 kg, PCI offat - 0,16%. A significant difference of realization indices of protein between all three breeds was not stated. The highest realization ofparental milk yield index was stated - between Ayrshire and Yaroslavl cattle breeds- 113%, Holstein cattle breed - 88%. As for the fat and protein indices, all three cattle breeds showed a high realization of PCI from 98% to 109%. However, Holstein cattle breed showed the highest percentage: protein - 101%, fat - 109%. A significant difference of PCI realization of milk productivity in CSN3 and LGB genotypes was not stated. It was also stated that there is a tendency of high level parental indices realization when there is a higher number of B-allele variants in genotypes of cows.

scholarly journals An evaluation of genetic distances for use with microsatellite loci.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Goldstein ◽  
A Ruiz Linares ◽  
L L Cavalli-Sforza ◽  
M W Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Stepwise Mutation Model ◽  
Mutation Model ◽  
Stepwise Mutation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nei's Distance ◽  
Infinite Alleles Model ◽  
Overall Reliability

Abstract Mutations of alleles at microsatellite loci tend to result in alleles with repeat scores similar to those of the alleles from which they were derived. Therefore the difference in repeat score between alleles carries information about the amount of time that has passed since they shared a common ancestral allele. This information is ignored by genetic distances based on the infinite alleles model. Here we develop a genetic distance based on the stepwise mutation model that includes allelic repeat score. We adapt earlier treatments of the stepwise mutation model to show analytically that the expectation of this distance is a linear function of time. We then use computer simulations to evaluate the overall reliability of this distance and to compare it with allele sharing and Nei's distance. We find that no distance is uniformly superior for all purposes, but that for phylogenetic reconstruction of taxa that are sufficiently diverged, our new distance is preferable.

scholarly journals The Water Footprint of Primary and Secondary Processing of Beef from Different Cattle Breeds: A Value Fraction Allocation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6914
Author(s):  
Frikkie Alberts Maré ◽  
Henry Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Water ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Production ◽  
High Water Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

The high water intake and wastewater discharge of slaughterhouses have been a concern for many years. One neglected factor in previous research is allocating the water footprint (WF) to beef production’s different products and by-products. The objective of this article was to estimate the WF of different cattle breeds at a slaughterhouse and cutting plant and allocate it according to the different cuts (products) and by-products of beef based on the value fraction of each. The results indicated a negative relationship between the carcass weight and the processing WF when the different breeds were compared. Regarding a specific cut of beef, a kilogram of rib eye from the heaviest breed had a processing WF of 614.57 L/kg, compared to the 919.91 L/kg for the rib eye of the lightest breed. A comparison of the different cuts indicated that high-value cuts had higher WFs than low-value cuts. The difference between a kilogram of rib eye and flank was 426.26 L/kg for the heaviest breed and 637.86 L/kg for the lightest breed. An option to reduce the processing WF of beef is to lessen the WF by slaughtering heavier animals. This will require no extra investment from the slaughterhouse. At the same time, the returns should increase as the average production inputs per kilogram of output (carcass) should reduce, as the slaughterhouse will process more kilograms.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells with Varying GaN Cap Layer Thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Zongshun Liu ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cap Layer ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Three InGaN/GaN MQWs samples with varying GaN cap layer thickness were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to investigate the optical properties. We found that a thicker cap layer is more effective in preventing the evaporation of the In composition in the InGaN quantum well layer. Furthermore, the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is enhanced with increasing the thickness of GaN cap layer. In addition, compared with the electroluminescence measurement results, we focus on the difference of localization states and defects in three samples induced by various cap thickness to explain the anomalies in room temperature photoluminescence measurements. We found that too thin GaN cap layer will exacerbates the inhomogeneity of localization states in InGaN QW layer, and too thick GaN cap layer will generate more defects in GaN cap layer.

PSIV-6 Differential gene expression of fibro/adipogenic progenitors between Wagyu and Brahman cattle: A possible contribution to their different meat quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 301-301
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Qianglin Liu ◽  
Matt Welborn ◽  
Leshan Wang ◽  
Yuxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The amount of intramuscular fat directly influences the meat quality. However, significant differences in the ability to accumulate intramuscular fat are present among different beef cattle breeds. While Wagyu, a cattle breed that originated from Japan, is renowned for abundant intramuscular fat, Brahman cattle generally have very little intramuscular fat accumulation and produce tougher meat. We identified that bovine intramuscular fat is derived from a group of bipotent progenitor cells named fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) which also give rise to fibroblasts. Thus, the variation in intramuscular fat development between Wagyu and Brahman is likely attributed to the difference in FAPs between these two breeds. In order to understand the gene expression difference between FAPs of the two breeds, single-cell RNA-seq was performed using total single-nucleated cells isolated from the longissimus muscle of young purebred Wagyu, purebred Brahman, and Wagyu-Brahman cross cattle. FAPs constitute the largest single-nucleated cell population in both Wagyu and Brahman skeletal muscle. Multiple subpopulations of FAPs with different gene expression profiles were identified, suggesting that FAP is a heterogeneous population. A unique FAP cluster expressing lower levels of fibrillar collagen and extracellular remodeling enzyme genes but higher levels of select proadipogenic genes was identified exclusively in Wagyu skeletal muscle, which likely contributes to the robust intramuscular adipogenic efficiency of Wagyu FAPs. In conclusion, the difference in the cellular composition and gene expression of FAPs between Wagyu and Brahman cattle likely contribute to their distinct meat quality.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships Among Representatives of Dasypyrum, Secale and Triticum Species Revealed with RAPD and ISSR Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Agnieszka GRADZIELEWSKA ◽  
Mirosław TYRKA ◽  
Justyna LESNIOWSKA-NOWAK ◽  
Justyna NAZARUK
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bridge Species ◽  
Differentiation Gene ◽  
Rapd And Issr

In this study the genetic similarity among Dasypyrum, Secale andTriticum species with RAPDs and ISSRs was analyzed. To show a level of similarity between the species, 12 populations of Dasypyrum (11 D. villosum and 1 D. breviaristatum), together with 12 accessions belonging to 3 Secale species and 12 accessions from 4 Triticum species were used. Genetic distances (GD) and bootstrap values were calculated and PCA analysis was conducted to present the relationships among the species. To estimate the genetic structure among and inside genera, as well as population differentiation, gene diversity (He), total genetic variation (Ht) and Wright’s fixation index (Fst) were computed. The highest values were found in Triticum, within which Ht was equal to 0.332±0.023 and Fst was 0.42. It confirmed that the material studied was highly differentiated. Both systems found Dasypyrum more related with Triticum, as compared to Secale. With RAPDs, genetic distance (GD) between Triticum and Dasypyrum was 0.435, respectively 0.460 for Secale vs Dasypyrum. In the case of ISSRs these values were 0.374 and 0.407, respectively. Despite the fact that the difference between the two GD indices was insignificant, one should not exclude the possibility of successful hybridization of Dasypyrum and Secale, especially when using bridge species.

scholarly journals Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene polymorphisms in Turkish native cattle breeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel ÖZKAN ÜNAL ◽  
Eda Şeyma KEPENEK ◽  
Havva DİNÇ ◽  
Füsun ÖZER ◽  
Gizem SÖNMEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Dgat1 Gene ◽  
Native Cattle

scholarly journals Генетический полиморфизм редких и малораспространенных аборигенных донских генотипов L

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ilnitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Naumova ◽  
Valentina Ganich ◽  
Sergey Tokmakov ◽  
Marina Makarkina
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Basic Minimum

История виноградарства на Дону насчитывает несколько веков, местные сорта винограда многообразны и специфичны. Микросателлитные маркеры широко используются для генотипирования сортов и подвоев винограда, при изучении происхождения сортов и анализе их родословной. Целью исследования было изучение выборки редких и малораспространенных автохтонных донских сортов и сравнение их с другими аборигенными донскими генотипами на основе данных ДНК-анализа. В исследования включены 23 стародавних донских сорта. Генотипирование проводили методом микросателлитного профилирования. В исследовании использовали микросателлитные маркеры (SSR), рекомендованные в качестве основного минимального набора для ДНК-паспортизации сортов вида Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 и VrZAG79. По результатам проведенного анализа все изученные образцы показали сорт-специфическую комбинацию аллелей в идентифицированных ДНК-профилях. Количество выявленных аллелей составило в среднем 8 аллелей/локус. Наибольший полиморфизм в исследовании этой группы донских сортов был обнаружен в локусе VVMD5: идентифицировано 10 аллелей на локус, наименьшее - в локусе VrZAG62: 6 аллелей/локус. Основываясь на данных SSR-анализа, степень генетического сходства сортов оценивали с использованием метода UPGMA. Кластерный анализ матрицы генетических дистанций, созданный на основе выявленных значений аллелей в шести микросателлитных локусах исследуемых сортов, определил несколько групп генотипов. Сорт Красностоп золотовский выделился в отдельную ветвь, что указывает на различия между этим генотипом и другими сортами исследуемой выборки. Наивысший уровень генетического сходства наблюдался между следующими парами сортов: Крестовский и Бургундский, Шилохвостый и Мушкетный, Кумшацкий черный и Ефремовский.The history of viticulture on the Don goes back several centuries. Local grapevine varieties are diverse and peculiar. Microsatellite markers are widely used in genotyping grapevine cultivars and rootstocks, in grapevine origin and breeding background analysis. Our study aimed to examine samples of rare and less common autochthonous Don varieties, and compare them with the other aboriginal Don genotypes using DNA data. The study involved 23 traditional Don varieties. The genotyping was done by microsatellite profiling. The study used microsatellite (SSR) markers recommended as the basic minimum set for DNA-certification of the genotypes of Vitis vinifera L.: VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79. Based on the findings, all the studied samples demonstrated variety-specific combination of alleles in the identified DNA profiles. The number of detected alleles on average was 8 alleles/locus. The greatest polymorphism in the studied group of Don varieties was detected in VVMD5 locus: 10 alleles per locus were identified, the smallest in VrZAG62 locus: 6 alleles/locus. UPGMA method was used to assess the extent of genetic similarity of the varieties based on SSR-genotyping data. Based on determined allele values of the studied varieties, cluster analysis of the genetic distances matrix determined several groups of genotypes. ‘Krasnostop zolotovskiy’ variety stood out as a separate branch, which indicates the difference between this genotype and the other varieties of the studied sampling. The highest level of genetic similarity was observed between the following pairs of varieties: ‘Krestovskiy’ and ‘Burgundskiy’, ‘Shilohvostyi’ and ‘Mushketnyi’, ‘Kumshatskiy chornyi’ and ‘Efremovskiy’.

scholarly journals Identifying Cattle Breed-Specific Partner Choice of Transcription Factors during the African Trypanosomiasis Disease Progression Using Bioinformatics Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Rajavel ◽  
Felix Heinrich ◽  
Armin Otto Schmitt ◽  
Mehmet Gültas
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Animal Trypanosomiasis

African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a disease caused by pathogenic trypanosomes which affects millions of livestock every year causing huge economic losses in agricultural production especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is spread by the tsetse fly which carries the parasite in its saliva. During the disease progression, the cattle are prominently subjected to anaemia, weight loss, intermittent fever, chills, neuronal degeneration, congestive heart failure, and finally death. According to their different genetic programs governing the level of tolerance to AAT, cattle breeds are classified as either resistant or susceptible. In this study, we focus on the cattle breeds N’Dama and Boran which are known to be resistant and susceptible to trypanosomiasis, respectively. Despite the rich literature on both breeds, the gene regulatory mechanisms of the underlying biological processes for their resistance and susceptibility have not been extensively studied. To address the limited knowledge about the tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) cooperations associated with trypanosomiasis, we investigated gene expression data from these cattle breeds computationally. Consequently, we identified significant cooperative TF pairs (especially D B P − P P A R A and D B P − T H A P 1 in N’Dama and D B P − P A X 8 in Boran liver tissue) which could help understand the underlying AAT tolerance/susceptibility mechanism in both cattle breeds.

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