scholarly journals SSR loci potentially associated with high amylopectine content in maize kernel endosperm

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Author(s):  
S. I. Vakula ◽  
O. A. Orlovskaya ◽  
L. V. Khotyleva ◽  
A. V. Kilchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Waxy Gene ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Waxy Maize ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Waxy Locus ◽  
Selection Of

As a component of functional nutrition, maize cultivars with “non-traditional” kernel composition (waxy, oilbearing, sugar, opaque, etc. phenotypic variants) are promising. Mutations in the waxy gene, which break down the structure and function of the enzyme for amylose biosynthesis, lead to a waxy (with a high content of amylopectin) endosperm formation. High variability of the waxy gene limits the use of microsatellite loci in marker associated selection of waxy maize genotypes. The increased frequency of gene rearrangements within the waxy locus facilitated the origination of many high-amylopectin corn lines carrying different SSR allelic variants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using waxy locus microsatellite sequences for identification and labeling of waxy maize genotypes. To this end, a complex of biochemical (calorimetry, bichromate method), molecular-genetic (SSR-PCR, capillary gel electrophoresis with fluorescent detection of fragments) and statistical (descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, χ2) analysis methods was used. Plant material used were 33 samples of corn kernels including mutant forms with a high content of amylose, amylopectin, short-chain starches, were kindly provided by VIR genetic collection (Russian Federation) and Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center (USA). The contents of starch, short-chain soluble carbohydrates, amylose, amylopectin in the grain of 33 maize samples were evaluated. Compositionally similar (to endosperm carbohydrates content) groups of samples were identified. They include 13 high-amylopectin samples carriers of waxy (wx) gene mutations and 20 samples with wild-type character (Wx). Molecular genetic screening of the collection included an analysis of the polymorphism of the microsatellite loci phi022, phi027, phi061 associated with the waxy gene sequence. Allelic composition of individual loci and their combinations were analyzed in relation to the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates in the kernel endosperm. Only the analysis of the phi022/phi027 combination or all three markers in the complex allows differentiating the wild Wx and mutant wx phenotypes of maize. It was shown that not the individual allelic polymorphisms of the phi022, phi027, phi061 loci are efficient for the markerassociated selection of high-amylopectin maize, but their unique combinations.

scholarly journals Identification of Gene Related to Hard Bunch Phenotype in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Roberdi , ◽  
Sobir , ◽  
Sudirman Yahya ◽  
Nurita Toruan-Mathius ◽  
Tony Liwang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Copia Retrotransposon ◽  
Selection Of

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Molecular genetic analysis of hard bunch phenomenon in oil palm was done in order to elucidate the role of genetic factor underlying hard bunch in oil palm plantation. The aim of this study was to identify the AFLP primer combination that co-segregates with hard bunch phenotype related gene in oil palm. Molecular analysis was done by bulk segregant analysis approach. DNA was isolated from leaves of the normal and hard bunch palm. DNA from ten individual palms from each category were pooled and used as a template. A total of 56 AFLP primer combinations were selected for selection of polymorphic primer, and as a result it was found that 22 AFLP primer combinations (39.28%) were polymorphic. A total of 48 individual of palm DNA containing 24 individual for each group were further genotyped by those 22 polymorphic markers. Of these, one AFLP primer combination (E-ACC/M-CTG) was obtained as a co-segregated marker that distinguished the hard bunch DNA from the normal one. Based on the analysis of the target sequence aligned to the oil palm DNA sequences available in database, we found that our sequence has similarity with Ty-1 copia retrotransposon. This sequence distribute in all 16 linkage group of oil palm genome.</p><p>Keywords: abnormal fruits, AFLP, oil palm, Ty-1 copia retrotransposon</p>

scholarly journals Генотипирование сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе анализа аллельного полиморфизма SSR локусов

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorislavets ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Gennadii Spotar ◽  
Valentina Risovannaya ◽  
Yakov Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Information Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Simple Sequence

Обязательными условиями успешного сохранения и использования различных сортов сельскохозяйственных культур является идентификация и контроль генетической изменчивости сортов, для изучения которой используются различные методы, в том числе методы молекулярно-генетического анализа. В связи с быстрым развитием селекции, ежегодно появляются десятки новых сортов винограда, требующих паспортизации. Молекулярные маркеры могут способствовать подбору родительских пар для скрещивания, повышению точности и ускорению селекционного процесса, так как идентификация исходного материала с использованием молекулярных маркеров и анализ результатов скрещивания могут быть выполнены в достаточно короткий период. К наиболее информативным молекулярным маркерам относятся микросателлитные маркеры, основанные на анализе простых повторяющихся повторов (simple sequence repeats, SSR). Анализ полиморфизма SSR локусов позволяет изучить генетическую изменчивость сельскохозяйственных культур на уровне генома. Цель нашего исследования - генотипирование, оценка аллельного разнообразия и ДНК-паспортизация ряда сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе SSR анализа. Основной метод, использованный в работе, - полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) и фрагментный анализ продуктов ПЦР на генетическом анализаторе ABI 3130. В результате фрагментного анализа были генотипированы 8 селекционных сортов Института «Магарач» по 9 ядерным микросателлитным локусам (nSSR). Размеры аллелей оценены с помощью программы Gene Mapper v. 4.0. Полиморфизм микросателлитных локусов и генетическое разнообразие рассчитано с использованием программы Popgene (v. 1.32). Сравнительный анализ nSSR профилей ДНК изученных сортов позволил установить, что все сорта имеют уникальные профили. Всего идентифицировано 69 аллелей, среднее число аллелей - 7,67 аллелей/локус. На основании размеров аллелей составлены индивидуальные молекулярно-генетические паспорта в соответствии с международными стандартами.Identification and control of genetic variation of different varieties of agricultural crops enter as prerequisites for their efficient conservation and use. Genetic variation is investigated by means of a wide set of methods, including those relying on molecular-genetic analysis. Every year, dozens of new breedings of grapevine come into being, and their passportization is necessary. Molecular markets can promote selection of parent pairs for crossing, improve efficiency of breeding and accelerate the process as enable both identification of the initial material and analysis of crossing results to be done in a sufficiently short period of time. The highest information value is associated with microsatellite markers consisting of simple sequence repeats (SSR). Analysis of polymorphism of SSR loci allows to investigate genetic variation of agricultural crops at the level of genome. The goals of the study were to conduct genotyping of a number of grape breedings developed by the Institute Magarach, to assess their allelic diversity and to achieve DNA passportization based on SSR analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment analysis of PCR products with the use of a genetic analizer ABI 3130 were the main methods the study relied upon. As a result of the aforesaid analysis, eight new breedings of the Institute were genotyped for nine nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSR). The sizes of alleles were assessed using Gene Mapper v. 4.0 software. Popgene (v. 1.32) software was used to calculate polymorphism of microsatellite loci and genetic diversity. A comparative nSSR-analysis of DNA-profiles of the study varieties indicated that all of them had unique profiles. A total of 69 alleles were identified, with 7.67 alleles per locus on an average. Based on the sizes of the alleles, individual molecular-genetic passports of the varieties were made, in accordance with international standards.

scholarly journals 477 Newborn cystic fibrosis (CF) screening in Canada: considerations regarding the selection of a molecular genetic assay

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S104
Author(s):  
P.J. Bridgel ◽  
D.N. Forrest ◽  
J.S. Parboosingh ◽  
S. Menon ◽  
L. Semple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Assay ◽  
Selection Of

Evolution of Drosophila insecticide resistance

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The impact of insecticide resistance is well documented. It includes the toxic effects of pesticides on the environment and the cost of the increased amounts of insecticides required to effectively control resistant insects. Resistance evolves by the selection of genes that confer tolerance to insecticides. Several resistance genes have been identified and cloned in Drosophila, including genes for mutant target molecules and genes that increase insecticide degradation. Drosophila is a useful system to understand the evolution of quantitative traits in general as well as the population genetics of insecticide resistance. Through it, we may hope to understand the relationship between discrete genetic change and continuously varying characters. In addition, molecular genetic techniques developed using Drosophila can eventually be transferred to other insects in order to help control pest populations.Key words: insecticide resistance, evolution of tolerance, selection of resistant genes, molecular genetics, Drosophila.

Selection of microsatellite loci for genetic monitoring of sloth bears

Ursus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Trishna Dutta ◽  
Jesús E. Maldonado ◽  
Thomas C. Wood ◽  
Hemendra Singh Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Impact of Organic Acids Supplementation to Hardwood Spent Sulfite Liquor as Substrate for the Selection of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Producing Organisms

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Queirós ◽  
Catarina Rangel ◽  
Paulo Costa Lemos ◽  
Simona Rossetti ◽  
Luísa Seuanes Serafim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Mixed Microbial Culture ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spent Sulfite Liquor

The effectiveness of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production process from a waste stream is determined by the selection of a suitable mixed microbial culture (MMC). In this work, a feedstock from the paper industry, hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HSSL), supplemented with short-chain organic acids (SCOAs) to simulate a fermented effluent, was used as substrate to enrich a MMC in PHA-storing microorganisms. A stable culture was quickly established, and during the accumulation step the selected MMC reached a maximum PHA content of 34.6% (3HB:3HV-76:24). The bacterial community was analyzed through FISH analysis. Bacteria belonging to the four main classes were identified: Betaproteobacteria (44.7 ± 2.7%), Alphaproteobacteria (13.6 ± 1.3%) and Gammaproteobacteria (2.40 ± 1.1%) and Bacteroidetes (9.20 ± 3.8%). Inside the Betaproteobacteria class, Acidovorax (71%) was the dominant genus.

Within-family selection at an otherwise unselected locus in dairy cattle

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gomez-Raya ◽  
J. P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Embryo Selection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Favourable Allele ◽  
Selection Of

Identification of allelic variants with economic importance is feasible via molecular genetic techniques. This information can be used to increase the frequency of favourable alleles in dairy cattle. The effect of selection on the genotype within families in the early stages of life is examined. Three different strategies are considered: (1) random mating of bull sires with bull dams and with cows, with embryo selection of young bulls and all cows; (2) random mating of bull sires with bull dams, with embryo selection of young bulls only; (3) minimizing or avoiding matings between homozygotes for the unfavourable allele, with embryo selection of young bulls. Selection strategies assume the use of reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer to produce large family sizes for within-family selection to be practiced. All the three strategies increase the frequency of the favourable allele rapidly. Strategy 1 gives the fastest increase in the frequency of the favourable allele. The increase in the frequency of the favourable allele is slower under random mating (strategy 2) than under a negative assortative mating (strategy 3). This is a novel example of increased selection response with negative assortative mating.Key words: selection, breeding strategies, dairy cattle.

scholarly journals New approaches to the selection of genetic markers associated with multifactorial phenotypic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
G. G. Kutelev ◽  
A. B. Krivoruchko ◽  
A. E. Trandina ◽  
A. M. Ivanov ◽  
D. V. Cherkashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
Selection Of

Modern approaches to searching for associations between the studied phenotype and structural variations of the human genome are analyzed. Most complex phenotypic traits, including diseases, do not follow the laws of Mendelian inheritance, but have a multi-factor nature, that is, a significant contribution to their development is made by the genetic component in combination with the influence of environmental factors. In General, there are several approaches to the design of a limited set of polymorphic markers for point genotyping. Selection of individual molecular genetic markers is carried out based on either their statistically significant Association with the studied multivariate feature, or their functional significance for the implementation of this feature. The candidate gene approach allows you to focus on one or more polymorphic variants in the region of a gene (allelic variant), the product of which is likely involved in the development of a disease or trait. The cheaper procedure for full-genome screening using ultra-high-density microchips has made available another approach for searching for genetic predispositions - full - genome Association search. We believe that the unification of both approaches into a single algorithm for the choice of molecular genetic markers to conduct point genotyping will allow for both markers selected based on a priori assumptions about the functional significance of candidate genes, and Association with the studied trait on the basis of genome-wide associations search. This approach will optimize the diagnostic efficiency of the created test suite.

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