scholarly journals Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
D. I. Peregud ◽  
S. V. Freiman ◽  
A. O. Tishkina ◽  
L. S. Sokhranyaeva ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Brain

Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Peregud ◽  
S. V. Freiman ◽  
A. O. Tishkina ◽  
L. S. Sokhranyaeva ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Effects of thiopental anesthesia on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. E852-E859
Author(s):  
C. Beebe Smith ◽  
C. Eintrei ◽  
J. Kang ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Cerebral Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

We have examined the effects of a surgical level of thiopental anesthesia in adult male rats on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis with the quantitative autoradiographicl-[1-14C]leucine method. The relative contribution of leucine derived from protein breakdown to the intracellular precursor amino acid pool for protein synthesis was found to be statistically significantly decreased in the anesthetized rats compared with controls. In the brain as a whole and in 30 of the 35 brain regions examined, rates of protein synthesis were decreased (1–11%) in the anesthetized rats. Decreases were statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.05) in the brain as a whole and in six of the regions, and they approached statistical significance in an additional 13 regions, indicating a tendency for a generalized but small effect.

scholarly journals Initial Cerebral HM-PAO Distribution Compared to LCBF: Use of a Model Which Considers Cerebral HM-PAO Trapping Kinetics

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S31-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Input Function ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
The Brain

The cerebral uptake of [99mTc]– d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime complex (HM-PAO) was compared to LCBF determined simultaneously with [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP) using double radionuclide quantitative digital autoradiography. Awake male rats were given intravenous injections of a mixture of 50 μCi IAP and 15 mCi of HM-PAO and killed 20 s after tracer activity had first reached the brain. Two separate autoradiograms were produced from each 20 μm brain section. The autoradiograms were digitized, corrected for cross-contamination, and then converted into images of individual tracer concentration. The diffusible tracer model was used to convert the IAP concentration images into LCBF images. Regional HM-PAO concentration was found not to be linearly related to LCBF as determined with the IAP, and therefore a simple microsphere type model was inadequate in relating HM-PAO uptake to LCBF. A better HM-PAO uptake–LCBF correlation was obtained when the HM-PAO arterial input function was corrected for very rapidly produced, non-cerebrally extracted, metabolites and a kinetic model was used that considered the rate of intracerebral metabolism of HM-PAO to a retained metabolite. Even using this model, however, some differences between HM-PAO uptake and LCBF occurred in certain brain regions. Because these differences were small and the HM-PAO uptake pattern has been shown to be constant for many minutes, HM-PAO can probably be used to estimate LCBF in patients with single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

scholarly journals Androgen Affects the Inhibitory Avoidance Memory by Primarily Acting on Androgen Receptor in the Brain in Adolescent Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Md Nabiul Islam ◽  
Yuya Sakimoto ◽  
Mir Rubayet Jahan ◽  
Emi Miyasato ◽  
Abu Md Mamun Tarif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Avoidance Memory

Adolescence is the critical postnatal stage for the action of androgen in multiple brain regions. Androgens can regulate the learning/memory functions in the brain. It is known that the inhibitory avoidance test can evaluate emotional memory and is believed to be dependent largely on the amygdala and hippocampus. However, the effects of androgen on inhibitory avoidance memory have never been reported in adolescent male rats. In the present study, the effects of androgen on inhibitory avoidance memory and on androgen receptor (AR)-immunoreactivity in the amygdala and hippocampus were studied using behavioral analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in sham-operated, orchiectomized, orchiectomized + testosterone or orchiectomized + dihydrotestosterone-administered male adolescent rats. Orchiectomized rats showed significantly reduced time spent in the illuminated box after 30 min (test 1) or 24 h (test 2) of electrical foot-shock (training) and reduced AR-immunoreactivity in amygdala/hippocampal cornu Ammonis (CA1) in comparison to those in sham-operated rats. Treatment of orchiectomized rats with either non-aromatizable dihydrotestosterone or aromatizable testosterone were successfully reinstated these effects. Application of flutamide (AR-antagonist) in intact adolescent rats exhibited identical changes to those in orchiectomized rats. These suggest that androgens enhance the inhibitory avoidance memory plausibly by binding with AR in the amygdala and hippocampus.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SINGLE COMPLEX INTOXICATION WITH MORPHINE AND ALCOHOL ON THE CONTENT OF NEUROACTIVE AMINO ACIDS IN THE BRAIN OF RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
I. M. Velichko ◽  
◽  
S. V. Lelevich ◽  
V. V. Lelevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neuroactive Amino Acids ◽  
Excitation Processes ◽  
The Brain

Background. Cases of combined consumption of surfactants (alcohol and opiates) in both the adult population and adolescents are quite common at present. An important role in the functional activity of the central nervous system is played by neuroactive amino acids, the level of which changes under the influence of psychotropic substances.Purpose. To study the content of neuroactive amino acids in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebellum in acute alcohol and morphine intoxication, as well as the complex administration of these substances.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats. Using the HPLC method in different parts of the brain, the levels of neurogenic amino acids were determined in acute alcohol and morphine intoxication, as well as their complex administration in different sections.Results. Acute complex morphine-alcohol intoxication is accompanied by manifestation of excitation processes in the striatum and hypothalamus, as well as inhibition in the midbrain. Alcohol-morphine intoxication leads to an increase in the content of GABA in all brain regions studied except the hypothalamus.Conclusion. Morphine-alcohol intoxication is accompanied by a decrease in the glycine content in the striatum, as well as an increase in its concentration in the midbrain and the level of glutamate in the hypothalamus. Alcohol-morphine intoxication leads to an increase in GABA levels in the cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain and cerebellum.

scholarly journals Total DNA methylation in the brain in response to decitabine treatment in female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
L. Balagova ◽  
K. Buzgoova ◽  
P. Karailiev ◽  
D. Jezova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scarce Data

Abstract Hypomethylating agent decitabine is being used in the treatment of certain types of leukaemia in combination with other anticancer drugs. Aberrant DNA methylation has been suggested to occur in pathological states including depression. Scarce data in male rats suggest antidepressant effects of decitabine. The main aim of our studies is to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of DNA methylation results in antidepressant effects in female rats. Before doing so, we decided to verify the effects of decitabine on DNA methylation in females. The findings demonstrate that the treatment with decitabine at the dose shown previously to inhibit DNA methylation in males, had no effect on total DNA methylation in two brain regions, namely the hippocampus and frontal cortex of female rats. In conclusion, the present study allows us to suggest that the effect of decitabine on DNA methylation in the brain is sex dependent.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

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