scholarly journals Raise of short-stemmed vaviloid branched spike lines and their cytogenetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
A. J. Aliyeva ◽  
S. P. Mehdiyeva ◽  
R. K. Kerimova
Keyword(s):  
Branched Spike

scholarly journals Heterosis in crosses between wheat genotypes with different spike architecture

2002 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Wheat Development ◽  
The Cross

In order to estimate hybrid vigor, wheat genotypes differing in spike architecture (normal, tetrastichon and branched) were crossed and the F1 and F2 generations analyzed for the number of fertile spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and grain weight/spike. The parents used for crossing were Sava (normal spike), Forlani (normal spike), ZG T 171/1 (tetrastichon spike) and ZG 172 (branched spike). The F1 and F2 progenies, except those from the cross Sava x Forlani, had a lower number of fertile spikelets/spike compared with the better parent. In the crosses between genotypes with normal and branched spikes, the F1 and F2 progenies formed significantly fewer grains/spike. On the other hand, the F1 of the crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spike showed a significant level of heterosis with respect to the number of grains/spike, particularly the cross Forlani x ZG T 171/1. In regard to grain weight/spike, significant heterosis was detected in all crosses except Sava x ZG 172. The crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spikes that exhibited significant heterosis for two main yield components were most promising in the context of hybrid wheat development. Such crosses deserve further attention and investigation.

scholarly journals Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Wang Yue ◽  
Sun Fulai ◽  
Gao Qingrong ◽  
Zhang Yanxia ◽  
Wang Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Putative Homologue

Branched spike wheat is a hexaploid germplasm with branched rachis on its main rachises, and the crucial period for branched rachises occurrence and development is just after the two ridges stage of shoot apex. Natural [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA)] and synthetic [(1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] auxins were applied at this period to investigate the spike traits, seedling growth and photosynthesis related characters and expression of a putative homologue of the LEAFY in branched spike wheat. The four types of experienced auxins induced similar effects on these foresaid characters, although the impact extents were different among the auxins treatments. More branched rachis, spikelets, fertile florets and longer branched rachis were obtained in plants with IAA and IBA at 0.1 mM or NAA and 2,4-D at 1.0mM than those plants with no auxin treated. Auxin treatments also increased fresh and dry mass, photosynthetic pigment and parameters. TFL, a LEAFY-like gene was cloned in branched spike wheat and TFL mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Application of the auxins accelerated the rise in TFL expression during the periods of branched rachises occurrence and extension. The data supports the hypothesis that auxins play a central role in the regulation branched spike development and TFL might correlate with the development of branched rachises in branched spike wheat.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of wALOG Family Genes Involved in Branch Meristem Development of Branching Head Wheat

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Nan ◽  
Shandang Shi ◽  
Diddugodage Chamila Jeewani ◽  
Li Quan ◽  
Xue Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Family Gene

The branched spike phenotype is an important supernumerary spikelet trait of Triticum turgidum L. associated with the production of significantly more grains per spike, thereby offering a higher potential yield. However, the genetic basis of branch meristem (BM) development remains to be fully elucidated in wheat. TAW1, an ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) family gene, has been shown to function as a unique regulator in promoting BM development in rice. In this study, we found that the development pattern of the BMs of the branched spike in wheat was similar to the indeterminate BMs of rice. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis classified the ALOG genes into 12 groups. This family of genes was found to have evolved independently in eudicots and monocots and was evolutionarily conserved between wheat and rice as well as during wheat polyploidization. Furthermore, experiments revealed that TtALOG2-1A, a TAW1-homologous gene, plays a significant role in regulating the transition of indeterminate BM fate. Finally, large-scale RNA-sequencing studies and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments revealed that members of the TtALOGs may act upstream of the TtMADS22, TtMADS47, and TtMADS55 genes to promote indeterminate BM activities. Our findings further knowledge on BM development in wheat.

Microsatellite mapping of genes for branched spike and soft glumes in Triticum monococcum L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Amagai ◽  
P. Martinek ◽  
N. Watanabe ◽  
T. Kuboyama
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Microsatellite Mapping

Inheritance of supernumerary spikelets in a tetraploid wheat cross

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Klindworth ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Minor Genes ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Supernumerary Spikelets ◽  
Selection Of

The supernumerary spikelet (SS) trait of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), including the four-rowed and ramified spike types, is characterized by an increased number of spikelets per spike. To determine the inheritance of this trait, the tetraploid ramified spike cultivar PI349056 was crossed reciprocally to normal-spike 'Langdon' durum, and the F1 was backcrossed to each parent. The F1, F2, F3, BC1F1, and BC1F2 were classified for SS expression. Additionally, PI349056 was crossed to the 'Langdon' 2D(2A) disomic substitution line to study linkage of SS genes. The SS trait was recessive to normal spike, and both four-rowed spike and ramified spike progeny were observed in the segregating generations. Segregation in F3 and BC1F2 families indicated that SS in PI349056 was quantitatively inherited, controlled by a major recessive gene and numerous minor genes. Normal-spiked plants selected in families homozygous for the major gene indicated that the major gene did not produce SS when the minor genes were absent. Selection of normal-spiked plants in the F3 and F4 of 'Langdon' 2D(2A) disomic substitution/PI349056 indicated that the minor SS genes were not linked to the major gene on chromosome 2A.Key words: Triticum, branched spike, ramified spike, four-rowed spike.

Comparison of a branched spike wheat with the cultivars Neepawa and HY320 for grain yield and yield components

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl ◽  
B. J. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Branched Spike

Branched-spike spring wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) genotypes are periodically promoted in western Canada as having very high grain yield capacity. These "Miracle" wheats tend to have a low tillering capacity and may require higher plant populations in order to achieve maximum grain yield. This study was conducted to critically evaluate the high-yield claims of a branched-spike wheat (BSW) and to determine whether this cultivar has a higher optimum seeding rate requirement than the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Neepawa and HY320. The three cultivars were seeded at rates of 150, 250, 350, 450, and 550 seeds m−2 in each of three experiments: two dryland and one irrigated. Averaged over experiments and seeding rates the BSW yielded 45% less than the conventional cultivars. Significant (P < 0.05) cultivar × experiment cross-overs were detected for spikes m−2, spikelets spike−1, and kernels spike−1. BSW and HY320 switched ranks for spikes m−2, spikelets spike−1 and kernels spike−1 in 1988 and 1989. In 1988, on average, BSW produced 230% as many fertile spikelets as the other cultivars, but 40% fewer spikelets in 1989. Similarly, BSW produced more kernels spike−1 than Neepawa and HY320 in 1988 while the reverse was observed in 1989. The three cultivars responded differently to seeding rate, as indicated by significant (P < 0.01) cultivar × seeding rate interaction for spikelets spike−1 and kernel weight. Neither of these interactions involved significant changes in cultivar rank from one seeding rate to the next. BSW yielded less grain than either Neepawa or HY320, regardless of seeding rate. Attempts to increase the grain yield of a BSW cultivar by manipulating yield components via increased seeding rates were not successful.Key words: Branched-spike, spring wheat, seeding rate, Triticum turgidum L.

Chromosomal location of genes for supernumerary spikelet in tetraploid wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Klindworth ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
A Minor

The supernumerary spikelet (SS) trait of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), including the ramified and four-rowed spike traits, is characterized by an increased number of spikelets per spike. Chromosomal location of the SS gene(s) was determined by crossing the ramified spike line PI349056 to the set of 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines. Double monosomic F1 plants were backcrossed to PI349056 and the testcross F1 plants were classified for chromosome pairing and spike type. Segregation for spike type was observed in the testcross F2. Data indicated that the major SS gene was located on chromosome 2A. Subsequent crosses with the 'Langdon' 2A telosomics indicated that the major SS gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 2A. Segregation of the testcross F2 indicated that a minor SS gene was located on chromosome 2B. Results also indicated that inhibitors of SS may be located on the D-genome chromosomes and an additional experiment was designed to test this hypothesis. Eight D-genome monosomic addition lines were developed by backcrossing PI349056 from one to three times to plants containing D-genome univalents. The test populations contained two cytological types of plants, disomics having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes and D-genome monosomic additions having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes plus a D-genome monosome. Comparison of these two types of plants indicated that chromosome 2D (from 'Chinese Spring' wheat) had a strong inhibitor of SS expression.Key words: Triticum, branched spike, ramified spike, four-rowed spike, cytogenetics.

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