scholarly journals Exact Conditional Inference for Two-way Randomized Bernoulli Experiments

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (Code Snippet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Myers ◽  
Shih-Feng Huang ◽  
Jhishen Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Exact Conditional Inference

scholarly journals The limits of distribution-free conditional predictive inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Foygel Barber ◽  
Emmanuel J Candès ◽  
Aaditya Ramdas ◽  
Ryan J Tibshirani
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Predictive Inference ◽  
Distribution Free ◽  
Conformal Prediction ◽  
Underlying Distribution ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Test Points ◽  
Exact Conditional Inference

Abstract We consider the problem of distribution-free predictive inference, with the goal of producing predictive coverage guarantees that hold conditionally rather than marginally. Existing methods such as conformal prediction offer marginal coverage guarantees, where predictive coverage holds on average over all possible test points, but this is not sufficient for many practical applications where we would like to know that our predictions are valid for a given individual, not merely on average over a population. On the other hand, exact conditional inference guarantees are known to be impossible without imposing assumptions on the underlying distribution. In this work, we aim to explore the space in between these two and examine what types of relaxations of the conditional coverage property would alleviate some of the practical concerns with marginal coverage guarantees while still being possible to achieve in a distribution-free setting.

The Precision of Gain Scores Under an Item Response Theory Perspective: A Comparison of Asymptotic and Exact Conditional Inference About Change

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Latent Trait ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Person Parameter ◽  
Correct Score ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Asymptotic Normal Distribution ◽  
Asymptotic Normal ◽  
Simple Difference ◽  
Exact Conditional Inference

The precision of simple difference or “gain” scores is described in terms of their confidence intervals on the latent trait scale and of significance probabilities under the H₀ of no change. For this, two approaches are compared: one employs the asymptotic normal distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the person parameter, the other is based on the exact conditional distribution of the gain score, given the total number-correct score over the two time points. In either case, a detailed assessment of the precision of change measurements results. For illustration, results are presented of three test scales. The present methods yield more relevant and much more detailed psychometric information than the traditional estimation of reliability as a sole indicator of measurement precision. Other areas of application, namely, the comparison of the abilities of two examinees or the aggregation of individual signi.cance levels within groups of examinees, are also mentioned.

Rising Stars and Underdogs: The Role Race and Parental Education Play in Predicting Mentorship

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110046
Author(s):  
Veronica Fruiht ◽  
Jordan Boeder ◽  
Thomas Chan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Conditional Inference Tree ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Inference Tree

Research suggests that youth with more financial and social resources are more likely to have access to mentorship. Conversely, the rising star hypothesis posits that youth who show promise through their individual successes are more likely to be mentored. Utilizing a nationally representative sample ( N = 4,882), we tested whether demographic characteristics (e.g., race, SES) or personal resources (e.g., academic/social success) are better predictors of receiving mentorship. Regression analyses suggested that demographic, contextual, and individual characteristics all significantly predicted access to mentorship, specifically by non-familial mentors. However, conditional inference tree models that explored the interaction of mentorship predictors by race showed that individual characteristics mattered less for Black and Latino/a youth. Therefore, the rising star hypothesis may hold true for White youth, but the story of mentoring is more complicated for youth of color. Findings highlight the implications of Critical Race Theory for mentoring research and practice.

scholarly journals Risk factors for suicidal tendency in people with epilepsy in China: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintao Lin ◽  
Jiani Chen ◽  
Sisi Li ◽  
Yingjie Qin ◽  
Xuruan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Suicidal Tendency ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) have an increased suicide prevalence. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicidal tendency among PWE in West China. A nested case–control study was designed in a cohort of patients with epilepsy (n = 2087). In total, 28 variates were calculated. In the univariate analysis, unemployment, low income, seizure frequency, seizure-free time, infectious or structural etiology, levetiracetam or phenobarbital use, anxiety, depression, and stigma were associated with suicidal tendency. A multivariate analysis indicated that unemployment (odds ratio [OR] 5.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13–15.48), levetiracetam use (OR 2.80, 95%CI 1.11–7.05), depression (C-NDDI-E score ≥ 13; OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.26–8.21), and stigma (SSCI score ≥ 16; OR 6.67, 95%CI 1.80–24.69) were independently associated with suicidal tendency. Conditional inference tree analysis indicated that SSCI and C-NDDI-E scores could effectively identify patients with suicidal tendency. Thus, this study suggests that unemployment, levetiracetam use, depression, and stigma are independent risk factors for suicidal tendency in PWE in China.

The influence of cognitive ability and instructional set on causal conditional inference

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan St. B. T. Evans ◽  
Simon J. Handley ◽  
Helen Neilens ◽  
David Over
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Instructional Set

Sampling for Conditional Inference on Network Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 (504) ◽  
pp. 1295-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfei Zhang ◽  
Yuguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Network Data
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