scholarly journals Biomarkers for cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from clinical studies

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 7710-7726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
You Lv ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Changes in cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Szémán ◽  
Géza Nagy ◽  
Tímea Varga ◽  
Anna Veres-Székely ◽  
Mária Sasvári ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Psychomotor Efficiency

Patients with diabetes are approximately 1.5 times more likely to experience cognitive decline than individuals without diabetes mellitus. Most of the data suggest that patients with diabetes have reduced performance in numerous domains of cognitive function. In patients with type 1 diabetes, specific and global deficits involving speed of psychomotor efficiency, information processing, mental flexibility, attention, and visual perception seem to be present, while in patients with type 2 diabetes an increase in memory deficits, a reduction in psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe (executive) functions have been found. The complex pathophysiology of changes in the central nervous system in diabetes has not yet been fully elucidated. It is important to consider the patient’s age at the onset of diabetes, the glycemic control status, and the presence of diabetic complications. Neurological consequences of diabetes appear parallel to those observed in the aging brain. Neuroimaging studies highlight several structural cerebral changes, cortical and subcortical atrophy, beside increased leukoaraiosis that occurs in association with diabetes. There is supporting evidence from many hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of cognitive decline associated with diabetes. The main hypotheses pointing to the potential, implied mechanisms involve hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, microvascular disease, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and amyloid-β deposition. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 323–329.

Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (19) ◽  
pp. e1654-e1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Pagano ◽  
Sotirios Polychronis ◽  
Heather Wilson ◽  
Beniamino Giordano ◽  
Nicola Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Csf Levels

ObjectiveTo investigate whether diabetes mellitus is associated with Parkinson-like pathology in people without Parkinson disease and to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on markers of Parkinson pathology and clinical progression in drug-naive patients with early-stage Parkinson disease.MethodsWe compared 25 patients with Parkinson disease and diabetes mellitus to 25 without diabetes mellitus, and 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and no Parkinson disease to 14 healthy controls (people with no diabetes mellitus or Parkinson disease). The clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by 2 consecutive fasting measurements of serum glucose levels >126 mL/dL. Over a 36-month follow-up period, we then investigated in the population with Parkinson disease whether the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with faster motor progression or cognitive decline.ResultsThe presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with higher motor scores (p < 0.01), lower striatal dopamine transporter binding (p < 0.05), and higher tau CSF levels (p < 0.05) in patients with Parkinson disease. In patients with diabetes but without Parkinson disease, the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with lower striatal dopamine transporter binding (p < 0.05) and higher tau (p < 0.05) and α-synuclein (p < 0.05) CSF levels compared to healthy controls. At the Cox survival analysis in the population of patients with Parkinson disease, the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with faster motor progression (hazard ratio = 4.521, 95% confidence interval = 1.468–13.926; p < 0.01) and cognitive decline (hazard ratio = 9.314, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–74.519; p < 0.05).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus may predispose toward a Parkinson-like pathology, and when present in patients with Parkinson disease, can induce a more aggressive phenotype.

Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oculomotor Palsy ◽  
Third Nerve Palsy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Oculomotor Nerves

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

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