scholarly journals Impaired glucose metabolism reduces the neuroprotective action of adipocytokines in cognitively normal older adults with insulin resistance

Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel M. Lopez-Vilaret ◽  
Jose L. Cantero ◽  
Marina Fernandez-Alvarez ◽  
Miguel Calero ◽  
Olga Calero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Neuroprotective Action

scholarly journals Impact of disease activity on impaired glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorica G. Ristić ◽  
Vesna Subota ◽  
Dejana Stanisavljević ◽  
Danilo Vojvodić ◽  
Arsen D. Ristić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To explore glucose metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its association with insulin resistance (IR) risk factors and disease activity indicators, including matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). Methods This single-center study included 127 non-diabetic subjects: 90 RA patients and 37 matched controls. IR-related risk factors, disease activity (DAS28-ESR/CRP), concentrations of inflammation markers, MMP3, glucose, specific insulin, and C-peptide (a marker of β-cell secretion) were determined. Homeostasis Model Assessment was used to establish insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and sensitivity (HOMA2-%S). Associations of HOMA2 indices with IR-related risk factors, inflammation markers, and RA activity were tested using multiple regression analyses. Results RA patients had significantly increased HOMA2-IR index than controls. In the RA group, multivariate analysis revealed DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, tender joint counts, patient’s global assessment, and MMP3 level as significant positive predictors for HOMA2-IR (β = 0.206, P = 0.014; β = 0.192, P = 0.009; β = 0.121, P = 0.005; β = 0.148, P = 0.007; β = 0.075, P = 0.025, respectively), and reciprocal negative for HOMA2-%S index. According to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2), DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 has the largest proportion of variation in both HOMA2-IR indices. DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 and ESR were independent predictors for increased C-peptide concentration (β = 0.090, P = 0.022; β = 0.133, P = 0.022). Despite comparability regarding all IR-related risk factors, patients with DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 had higher HOMA2-IR than controls [1.7 (1.2–2.5) vs. 1.2 (0.8–1.4), P = 0.000]. There was no difference between patients with DAS28-ESR < 5.1 and controls [1.3 (0.9–1.9) vs. 1.2 (0.8–1.4), P = 0.375]. Conclusions RA activity is an independent risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism. DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 was the main contributor to this metabolic disturbance, followed by MMP3 concentration, outweighing the impact of classic IR-related risk factors.

scholarly journals Peripheral Insulin Resistance in Cognitively Normal Older Adults Relates to Poorer Performance on a Test for Speed of Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Aaron Smith ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Jim Backes ◽  
Juleah Littrell ◽  
Caitlin Boeckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose metabolism increases the risk for cognitive decline. However, data looking at peripheral IR's relationship with cognition in cognitively normal adults is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between peripheral IR and tests of speed of processing (SOP) in cognitively normal older adults using a novel IR measure. Methods Baseline data from 56 cognitively normal older adults participating in a nutrition intervention study (Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement study; NICE study) were analyzed. Fasting blood draws were attained, and peripheral IR was measured using Quest Diagnostics’ Cardio IQ Insulin Resistance Panel (Test Code: 36,509). A cognitive battery was conducted by a trained psychometrician. Z-Scores of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop Color, Stroop Word, Stroop Interference, and Stroop Letter Number Sequencing and Crossing-Off tests were combined to give a global SOP score. We constructed ordinary least squares regression models to assess IR's relationships with individual SOP tests and global SOP, including age and education as covariates. Statistical analyses were performed using R (v. 3.6.2; R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results Participants were 77% female and had a mean age of 72.1 ± 4.9 years. Higher IR scores were related to poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β = −0.26, P = 0.04). IR scores were not related to other individual cognitive tests: Stroop Color (β = −0.17, P = 0.20), Stroop Word (β = −0.19, P = 0.11), Stroop Interference (β = −0.14, P = 0.28), Stroop Letter Number Sequencing (β = 0.03, P = 0.83), Crossing-Off (β = −0.18, P = 0.15), or Global SOP (β = −0.20, P = 0.11). Conclusions There was a relationship between higher IR scores and poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Although other SOP tests were not significantly correlated with IR scores, directionality of the relationships indicated trend for higher IR being related to lower SOP. Consequently, maintaining insulin sensitivity with healthy lifestyle choices may be important for healthy aging. Future analyses with a larger sample size will be more informative for understanding the relationship between IR and SOP. Funding Sources National Institute on Aging.

scholarly journals Impact of Endurance and Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Consitt ◽  
Courtney Dudley ◽  
Gunjan Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. While this process is multifaceted, age-related changes to skeletal muscle are expected to contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. Some of these changes include sarcopenia, impaired insulin signaling, and imbalances in glucose utilization. Endurance and resistance exercise training have been endorsed as interventions to improve glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in the elderly. While both types of exercise generally increase insulin sensitivity in older adults, the metabolic pathways through which this occurs can differ and can be dependent on preexisting conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will first highlight age-related changes to skeletal muscle which can contribute to insulin resistance, followed by a comparison of endurance and resistance training adaptations to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in older adults.

scholarly journals Retinol-binding protein 4 levels are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome women with obesity and impaired glucose metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hahn ◽  
Manuel Backhaus ◽  
Martina Broecker-Preuss ◽  
Susanne Tan ◽  
Tiina Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4

Objective: Insulin resistance and obesity are common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a new fat-derived adipokine, has been described to be elevated in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum RBP4 levels are correlated with metabolic parameters, indices of insulin resistance, and endocrine variables in German PCOS women. Design: We assessed the correlation between metabolic and endocrine parameters with RBP4 levels in 200 PCOS patients and 64 healthy controls. Methods: Serum RBP4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany). In addition, anthropometric variables, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, and body fat were evaluated, and a glucose tolerance test was performed to assess parameters of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Results: Taking the entire PCOS cohort, RBP4 levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and area under the curve for glucose (all P<0.05), but not with indices of insulin resistance. On the other hand, PCOS women with impaired glucose metabolism had higher RBP4 levels than PCOS women with normal glucose metabolism (median 30.6, range 23.3–73.9 versus median 26.3, range 6.4–61.4, P<0.05). Furthermore, no differences were found in RBP4 levels between lean PCOS women and BMI-matched healthy controls. Conclusion: In German PCOS women, serum RBP4 levels are associated with obesity and parameters of glucose metabolism but not with PCOS per se.

Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and T cell population markers in adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs H. Goossens ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak ◽  
Ruud Theunissen ◽  
Adriaan M. Duijvestijn ◽  
Karine Clément ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism
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