scholarly journals Sex, rurality and socioeconomical status in Spanish centennial population (2017)

Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Fuentes ◽  
Sandra Amador ◽  
Ana Maria Lucas-Ochoa ◽  
Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo ◽  
Emiliano Fernández-Villalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomical Status

EEG and Behavioral Changes following Neurofeedback Treatment in Learning Disabled Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fernández ◽  
W. Herrera ◽  
T. Harmony ◽  
L Díaz-Comas ◽  
E. Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socioeconomical Status ◽  
Experimental Group

Neurofeedback (NFB) is an operant conditioning procedure, by which the subject learns to control his/her EEG activity. On one hand, Learning Disabled (LD) children have higher values of theta EEG absolute and relative power than normal children, and on the other hand, it has been shown that minimum alpha absolute power is necessary for adequate performance. Ten LD children were selected with higher than normal ratios of theta to alpha absolute power (theta/alpha). The Test Of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was applied. Children were divided into two groups in order to maintain similar IQ values, TOVA values, socioeconomical status, and gender for each group. In the experimental group, NFB was applied in the region with highest ratio, triggering a sound each time the ratio fell below a threshold value. Noncontingent reinforcement was given to the other group. Twenty half-hour sessions were applied, at a rate of 2 per week. At the end of the 20 sessions, TOVA, WISC and EEG were obtained. There was significant improvement in WISC performance in the experimental group that was not observed in the control group. EEG absolute power decreased in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands in the experimental group. Control children only showed a decrease in relative power in the delta band. All changes observed in the experimental group and not observed in the control group indicate better cognitive performance and the presence of greater EEG maturation in the experimental group, which suggests that changes were due not only to development but also to NFB treatment.

Silver diamine fluoride for managing carious lesions: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Dishika Iswar ◽  
Arun Kumar Sajjanar ◽  
Milind Wasnik ◽  
Niharika Gawod ◽  
Partima Kolekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
The Us ◽  
Socioeconomical Status ◽  
Silver Compounds

Though the prevalence and the severity of dental caries is decreased in past few years, still children from low socioeconomical status in many industrialized or developing countries are still suffering from ill-effects of dental caries. The antimicrobial effect of silver compounds has been proven by the 100-year-old application of silver compounds. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used to arrest dental caries during 1970s in Japan, but it was not exposed much to other parts of the world. Today in many countries a 38% (44,800 ppm fluoride) SDF solution is commonly used to arrest caries and also to reduce hypersensitivity in primary and permanent teeth. Application of SDF to arrest dental caries is non-invasive procedure and is quick and simple to use. Reports of available studies showed that there is no severe pulpal damage after SDF application. However, it has some drawbacks like black discoloration of the carious teeth and an unpleasant metallic taste. But, low cost of SDF and its simplicity in application suggest that it is an appropriate agent for use in community dental health programme. Thus, SDF appears to meet the criteria of both the WHO Millennium Goals and the US Institute of Medicine’s criteria for 21st century medical care, that is, it is a safe, effective, efficient, and equitable caries preventive agent.

Orthodontic treatment attitude versus orthodontic treatment need: differences by gender, age, socioeconomical status and geographical context

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Deli ◽  
Ludovica A. Macrì ◽  
Paola Radico ◽  
Francesca Pantanali ◽  
Domenico L. Grieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Socioeconomical Status ◽  
Geographical Context

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KECENDERUNGAN DEPRESI KELUARGA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI DAN PSIKOSOSIAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Yudha Khusnia Rohmatin ◽  
Sherly Limantara ◽  
Syamsul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
General Data ◽  
Stress Inventory ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Abstract: Depression is a serious mental health problem. Prevalence is estimated 5-10% per year. The presence of a schizophrenic family member is a known stressor which can cause chronic stress. Chronic stress are oftenly associated with depression. The goal of this study is to establish the depression likelihood of schizophrenia patient’s family based on demographic and psychosocial characteristics at Sambang Lihum Hospital, South Kalimantan. This study is a descriptive study, and the samples are obtained through non probability samplingand purposive sampling. Questionnaires are used to collect general data of schizophrenia patient’s family, Beck Deperession Inventory-II (BDI-II) dan Holmes and Rahe Life Stress Inventory (HRLSI).The results of this study shows the rate of depression based on severity, which are 54% normal, 22% mild, 19% moderate and 5% severe. Normal or depression-negative dominates the distribution in the 46-55 age range (early geriatrics) at 64%, lives in the city at 55,55%, male at 55,31%, high school education at 81,81%, socioeconomical status based on full-time occupation at 100%, and income > minimum wage at 63,33%, unmarried at 69,23%, first-degree relative at 59,25%, and mild stressful life events at 80,76%. Keywords: depression likelihood, schizophrenia patient’s family, demography, psychosocial stress Abstrak: Depresi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius. Prevalensi depresi di dunia diperkirakan 5-10% per tahun. Memiliki anggota keluarga yang menderita skizofrenia merupakan suatu stressor yang mengakibatkan stres yang bersifat kronik. Peristiwa kehidupan yang berlangsung lama atau stres kronik lebih banyak dihubungkan dengan depresi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kecenderungan depresi keluarga pasien skizofrenia berdasarkan karakteristik demografi dan psikososial di RSJ Sambang Lihum Kalimantan Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif. Pengambilansampeldilakukandengan metode non probability sampling melalui purposive sampling.Jumlah sampel adalah 100 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner yang memuat biodata umum keluarga pasien skizofrenia, Beck Deperession Inventory-II (BDI-II) dan Holmes and Rahe Life Stress Inventory (HRLSI). Hasil penelitian didapatkan kategori normal (tidak depresi) 54%, derajat depresi ringan 22%, derajat depresi sedang 19%dan derajat depresi berat 5%. Tidak depresi (normal) mendominasi distribusi pada usia 46-55 tahun (masa lansia awal) sebesar 64%, tempat tinggal di daerah kota sebesar 55,55%, jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 55,31%, tingkat pendidikan SMA sebesar 81,81%, status sosioekonomi berdasarkan aktivitas ekonomi bekerja penuh waktu sebesar 100% dan berdasarkan pendapatan >UMP sebesar 63,33%, status pernikahan tidak menikah sebesar 69,23%, status dalam keluarga saudara kandung sebesar 59,25%, peristiwa hidup stressful stres ringan sebesar 80,76%. Kata-kata kunci: kecenderungan depresi, keluarga pasien skizofrenia, demografi, stress psikososial

Bias from Non-Participation: A Study of Low-Level Lead Exposure in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels Lyngbye ◽  
Ole Noerby Hansen ◽  
Philippe Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Epidemiological studies on neurobehavioural effects in childhood are highly sensitive to selection bias. A study on the significance of low-level lead exposure was performed among school children in the first grade in Aarhus in 1982–83. Deciduous teeth were collected and analysed for the circumpulpal dentin lead concentration. On the basis of the lead levels, a case and a control group were identified. Information on socioeconomical status and past medical history was obtained for all children. A “common sense” stratification of the reason for non-participation, showed bias in particular due to non-responders, while “refusers” caused little, if any bias. A non-participation of 7% significantly distorted the main result of the study in the direction of the null-hypothesis. Current studies of low-level lead exposure vary greatly with regard to non-participation and the extent of selection bias may contribute to understand the apparent diversity of findings of studies in this field.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism at the children’s hospital and the institute of the child health Multan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2335-2338
Author(s):  
Erum Afzal ◽  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Objectives: To determine the neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Developmental Pediatrics Outpatient at The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of the Child Health (CHICH) Multan. Period: January to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 119 children, 1-5years of age having congenital hypothyroidism were included. Their socioeconomical status, age at which the diagnosis was made, duration of thyroxine intake was noted. Development in domains of personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills was assessed by using The Denver developmental screening test (DDST). Developmental quotient of each domain was measured and less than 70% was considered significant delayed. SPSS-20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 119 patients, 47.8% were male, 61.3% were among the age group of 1-3 years and the mean age was 1.40 ± 0.489 years. Forty-five percent (45.4%) belonged to low and 47.1% to middle socioeconomical status. Only 46.2% children started taking thyroxine within 2 months of life. Significant delay in personal-social domain was detected in 73.9% (n=88) children while 80.7% (n=96), 80.7% (n=96) and 86.6% (n=103) patients had significant developmental delay in fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills respectively. Developmental delay was significantly low in children started on thyroxine therapy within 2-months of age (p-value ≤ 0.05 for all domains of development. Conclusion: Children with congenital hypothyroidism suffer from delayed development, so these patients must be referred for developmental therapy along with medical therapy.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCES AND VIEWS OF PREGNANT WOMEN ON SMOKING

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urve Kaasik-Aaslav ◽  
Mare Vanatoa ◽  
Ene Kotkas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Backround: Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people, from which 200-250 million  are women, smoke. Based on the Estonian Medical Birth Register data,  in 2010,  7,5% of pregnant women were smokers, and  in 2012, 7% of pregnant women were smoking during their pregnancy. Thus, smoking rates among pregnant women fell only 0,5%. The objective of the research was to find out the views of pregnant women who were smoking during pregnancy of the effect of smoking on the health of them and their babies, and experiences in quitting smoking, changing indicators, e.g. smoking and socioeconomical status (initial exposure to smoking, employment, long-term partnerships etc.) in 2009-2013.Methods: This research is a phenomenological study, which was being carried out from October 2009 until January 2013. Data collection methods were semi-structured interviews with 45 pregnant women smoking during their pregnancy and being  registered for antenatal care  in three health care institutions of Republic of Estonia. An inductive approach for qualitative analysis was used.Results: Most women smoking during pregnancy started smoking in their teens, their parents smoked, they were under 30 years old housewives or unemployed. On an average of 11-20 cigarettes were consumed each day, the pregnancy of the research group did not influence frequency and tobacco intake. The participants in the research group reported that tobacco consumption helped them relax, gave them a chance to spend time in a good company, and it was not regarded as a bad habit but a social addiction, being caused by availability of tobacco products. Although most of them had an opinion about  harmful effects of smoking, e.g. a cough, asthma and rapid fatigue,  on the health of them and less on their expected babies, they continued smoking.Conclusions: The smoking and socioeconomical status of women smoking during pregnancy in 2009-2013 has not changed,  health awareness of them is low and has not improved. Support groups with close relatives are needed to motivate cessation. In the first place, prevention needs  a good example, purposeful cooperation, which starts in daily life context – at homes, in educational institutions and in the community. Limiting the availability of tobacco products, postponing and preventing an initial exposure to smoking are thought to be of great importance. The results of the research will be introduced in health care institutions and they can be used in the health promotion process.

Bullying and subjective well-being: A hierarchical socioeconomical status analysis of Chilean adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 105398
Author(s):  
Jorge J. Varela ◽  
Jorge Fábrega ◽  
Gisela Carrillo ◽  
Mariavictoria Benavente ◽  
Jaime Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Status Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

scholarly journals DEPRESSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1480-1484
Author(s):  
Habiba Sharaf Ali ◽  
Hina Shams ◽  
Leela Vikram Kessani ◽  
Roomana Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Infertility is very stressful event and is proven to associate with depression,anxiety, sexual dysfunction loneliness, sadness and impaired couple’s relationship. Objectives:To determine the frequency of depression in infertile females and to determine the various riskfactors associated with infertility and depression. Study Design: Prospective cross sectionalstudy. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Ziauddin University Karachi. Period:January to June 2014. Methodology: Infertile women were interviewed and the diagnosis andseverity of depression was assessed together with the effects of different predicators such asage, duration of infertility, employment educational and socioeconomical status using PHQ-9 scale scoring. Results: This study showed that 199 (58%) of the infertile women sufferedfrom depression. There was a statistically significant association with socio economical statuswhile no significant association was detected with age of women, duration of infertility andeducational status. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of depression among infertilewomen. Depression was more among women belonging to higher socioeconomic class.

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