scholarly journals Cortical atrophy mediates the accumulating effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 15058-15076
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Cancan He ◽  
Yao Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Disease Spectrum

The influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Maturitas ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Blom ◽  
Ilonca Vaartjes ◽  
Sanne A.E. Peters ◽  
Huiberdina L. Koek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

P4-122: Prevalence of Vascular Risk Factors in Different Stages of Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Influence on Cognitive Decline

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P1059-P1061
Author(s):  
Isabelle Bos ◽  
Stephanie J.B. Vos ◽  
Lutz Frölich ◽  
Johannes Kornhuber ◽  
Jens Wiltfang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Prodromal Alzheimer’S Disease

scholarly journals Vascular risk burden is a key player in the early progression of Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Ferrari-Souza ◽  
Wagner S. Brum ◽  
Lucas A. Hauschild ◽  
Lucas U. Da Ros ◽  
Pâmela C. L. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Risk Factor Burden

Understanding whether vascular risk factors synergistically potentiate Alzheimer's disease progression is important in the context of emerging treatments for preclinical Alzheimer's disease. The existence of a synergistic relationship could suggest that the combination of therapies targeting Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and vascular risk factors might potentiate treatment outcomes. In the present retrospective cohort study, we tested whether vascular risk factor burden interacts with Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology to accelerate neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired subjects. We evaluated 503 cognitively unimpaired participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. Baseline vascular risk factor burden was calculated considering the history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke or transient ischemic attack, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology was evaluated using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) reflecting brain amyloidosis (A) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) reflecting brain tau pathology (T). Individuals were dichotomized as having an elevated vascular risk factor burden (V+ if having two or more vascular risk factors) and as presenting preclinical Alzheimer's disease [(AT)+ if having abnormal CSF p-tau181 and Aβ1-42 levels]. Neurodegeneration was assessed with plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and global cognition with the modified version of the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that an elevated vascular risk factor burden synergistically interacted with Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology to drive longitudinal increases in plasma NfL levels (β = 5.08, P = 0.016) and cognitive decline (β = -0.43, P = 0.020). Additionally, we observed that vascular risk factor burden was not associated with CSF Aβ1-42 or p-tau181 changes over time. Survival analysis demonstrated that individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease and elevated vascular risk factor burden [(AT)+V+] had a significantly greater risk of clinical progression to cognitive impairment (adjusted Hazard Ratio = 3.5, P < 0.001). Our results support the notion that vascular risk factor burden and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology are independent processes; however, they synergistically lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. These findings can help in providing the blueprints for the combination of vascular risk factor management and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology treatment in preclinical stages. Moreover, we observed plasma NfL as a robust marker of disease progression that may be used to track therapeutic response in future trials.

scholarly journals Predictors of the Progression of Dementia Severity in Brazilian Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia L. Chaves ◽  
Ana L. Camozzato ◽  
Cristiano Köhler ◽  
Jeffrey Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

Introduction. This study evaluates the progression of dementia and identifies prognostic risk factors for dementia.Methods. A group of 80 Brazilian community residents with dementia (34 with Alzheimer's disease and 46 with vascular dementia) was assessed over the course of 2 years. Data were analyzed with Cox regression survival analysis.Results. The data showed that education predicted cognitive decline (HR=1.2;P<.05) when analyzed without controlling for vascular risk factors. After the inclusion of vascular risk factors, education (HR=1.32;P<.05) and hypertension were predictive for cognitive decline (HR=38;P<.05), and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis was borderline predictive (P=.055).Conclusion.Vascular risk factors interacted with the diagnosis of vascular dementia. Education was a strong predictor of decline.

scholarly journals Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

US Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Forstmeier ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

This article summarises empirical findings on major potentially modifiable risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), drawing on data from longitudinal epidemiological studies on the incidence of AD or any-cause dementia. Risk factors investigated to date include cognitive ability, motivational ability, emotional health, physical activity, social activity and social network, vascular risk factors and nutrition. The authors find most empirical support for two main clusters of risk factors that also represent potential targets for prevention. First, an active and stimulating lifestyle including cognitive, social, and physical activities reduces the risk of AD. Second, the absence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterol and obesity reduces the risk of AD. More prevention trials are warranted to investigate the preventative effects of an active and stimulating lifestyle on the one hand, and vascular health on the other, in delaying the onset of AD or slowing its progression.

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