scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of long-lived growth hormone releasing hormone knock-out mice: evidence for altered mitochondrial function and amino acid metabolism

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3473-3485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Hoffman ◽  
Aliza Poonawalla ◽  
Mert Icyuz ◽  
William R. Swindell ◽  
Landon Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Knock Out Mice

scholarly journals Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janah ◽  
Kjeldsen ◽  
Galsgaard ◽  
Winther-Sørensen ◽  
Stojanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypothesis. However, studying tissue-specific knockout of the glucagon receptor has revealed that the physiological role of glucagon may extend beyond blood-glucose regulation. Decades ago, animal and human studies reported an important role of glucagon in amino acid metabolism through ureagenesis. Using modern technologies such as metabolomic profiling, knowledge about the effects of glucagon on amino acid metabolism has been expanded and the mechanisms involved further delineated. Glucagon receptor antagonists have indirectly put focus on glucagon’s potential role in lipid metabolism, as individuals treated with these antagonists showed dyslipidemia and increased hepatic fat. One emerging field in glucagon biology now seems to include the concept of hepatic glucagon resistance. Here, we discuss the roles of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism and present speculations on the molecular pathways causing and associating with postulated hepatic glucagon resistance.

Notizen: Synthese eines Peptids mit vermutlicher Wirkung des Wachstumshormon-freisetzenden Hormons (GH-RH) / Synthesis of a Peptide with Suggested Activity of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GH-RH)

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 818-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Zech ◽  
Wolfgang Voelter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Amino Acid Derivative ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Protected Amino Acid ◽  
New Synthesis

A new synthesis for the tripeptide Pyr-Ser-Gly-NH,, with mutual GH-RH activity is described. Z-L-Pyr-OH is reacted with HO-NSu to the protected amino acid derivative Z-L-Pyr-ONSu. Further intermediates in the synthesis are Z-L-Pyr-L-Ser(Bzl)-OH and Z-L-Pyr-L-Ser(Bzl)-Gly-NH,.

scholarly journals Tryptic digestion of peptides corresponding to modified fragments of human growth hormone-releasing hormone.

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Witkowska ◽  
Alicja Orłowska ◽  
Jan Izdebski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hydrolysis Process

The objective of this study was to examine the degradation of short peptides corresponding to modified fragments of human growth hormone-releasing hormone by trypsin. Six analogues of pentapeptide 9-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone containing homoarginine, ornithine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine or phenylalanine residue in position 11, two analogues of hexapeptide 8-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone and two analogues of heptapeptide 7-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone containing homoarginine or glycine residue in position 11 were obtained. The peptides were subjected to digestion by trypsin and the course of reaction was monitored using HPLC. It was found that the rate of hydrolysis of the Lys(12)-Val(13) peptide bond depends on the amino-acid residue preceding Lys(12). The extension of the peptide chain towards the N-terminus by introduction of consecutive amino-acid residues corresponding to the human growth hormone-releasing hormone sequence accelerates the hydrolysis process. These results may be of assistance in designing new analogues of human growth hormone-releasing hormone, more resistant to the activity of proteolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling of Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence for enhanced mitochondrial oxidation

Diabetes Care ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Mihalik ◽  
S. F. Michaliszyn ◽  
J. de las Heras ◽  
F. Bacha ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation

Short-Term Effects of Growth Hormone on Lipolysis, Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Assessed in Serum and Microdialysate of Healthy Young Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 819-826
Author(s):  
Andreas Krebs ◽  
Andreas Baum ◽  
Jürgen Doerfer ◽  
Klaus Gempel ◽  
Michael Wurm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Hormone Injection ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Glycerol

Abstract Objective We investigated direct effects of a therapeutic growth hormone dose on lipolysis, glucose and amino acid metabolism. Methods This crossover microdialysis trial involved six healthy male volunteers receiving single subcutaneous injections of both growth hormone (0.035 mg/kg) and placebo (0.9% sodium chloride). The investigation comprised three test days with standard diet. The first day served for adaptation, the second and third one for determining study data during 9 night hours with or without growth hormone. Abdominal subcutaneous microdialysate and blood were continuously collected and forwarded to a separate room next door where hourly taken samples were centrifuged and frozen until analysed. Results Growth hormone achieved the peak serum level after 3 h followed by a plateau-like course for the next 6 h. Glycerol in microdialysate started to rise 2 h following growth hormone injection achieving significance compared to placebo after 9 h (P<0.05). Serum glycerol increased 4 h after growth hormone administration achieving significance after 6 h (P<0.05). Glucose and amino acid concentrations showed neither in microdialysate nor in serum significant differences between growth hormone and placebo. Serum values of insulin and C-peptide revealed no significant difference between growth hormone and placebo. Summary and Conclusion As the result of a high single subcutaneous dose of GH, persistent lipolysis can be shown in continuously collected microdialysate and blood, but no indication for gluconeogenesis or protein anabolism.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling Reveals a Role for Androgen in Activating Amino Acid Metabolism and Methylation in Prostate Cancer Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e21417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagireddy Putluri ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Vihas T. Vasu ◽  
Srilatha Nalluri ◽  
Shaiju K. Vareed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling

Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Eva Horvath ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
B. W. Scheithauer ◽  
R. V. Lloyd ◽  
H. S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document