scholarly journals Combination of lymphocyte number and function in evaluating host immunity

Aging ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12685-12707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Luo ◽  
Yalong Xie ◽  
Weijie Zhang ◽  
Qun Lin ◽  
Guoxing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Number

scholarly journals TLR2 and TLR4 as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Particulate Matter Exposed Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117727190700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Williams ◽  
Chris Cheadle ◽  
Tonya Watkins ◽  
Anitaben Tailor ◽  
Smruti Killedar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Myeloid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biomarkers Of Effect ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In many subjects who are genetically susceptible to asthma, exposure to environmental stimuli may exacerbate their condition. However, it is unknown how the expression and function of a family of pattern-recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLR) are affected by exposure to particulate pollution. TLRs serve a critical function in alerting the immune system of tissue damage or infection—the so-called “danger signals”. We are interested in the role that TLRs play in directing appropriate responses by innate immunity, particularly dendritic cells (DC), after exposing them to particulate pollution. Dendritic cells serve a pivotal role in directing host immunity. Thus, we hypothesized that alterations in TLR expression could be further explored as potential biomarkers of effect related to DC exposure to particulate pollution. We show some preliminary data that indicates that inhaled particulate pollution acts directly on DC by down-regulating TLR expression and altering the activation state of DC. While further studies are warranted, we suggest that alterations in TLR2 and TLR4 expression should be explored as potential biomarkers of DC exposure to environmental particulate pollution.

scholarly journals Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (20) ◽  
pp. 2168-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachuan Zhang ◽  
Paul S. Frenette
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Cellular Mediators ◽  
Functional Modulation ◽  
And Function

Abstract The microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of the host immunity by the induction, functional modulation, or suppression of local and systemic immune responses. In return, the host immune system restricts translocation and fine tunes the composition and distribution of the microbiota to maintain a beneficial symbiosis. This paradigm applies to neutrophils, a critical component of the innate immunity, allowing their production and function to be influenced by microbial components and metabolites derived from the microbiota, and engaging them in the process of microbiota containment and regulation. The cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota adjusts the magnitude of neutrophil-mediated inflammation on challenge while preventing neutrophil responses against commensals under steady state. Here, we review the major molecular and cellular mediators of the interactions between neutrophils and the microbiota and discuss their interplay and contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.

scholarly journals T-lymphocyte number and function and the course of hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients.

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C De Gast ◽  
B Houwen ◽  
G K van der Hem ◽  
T H The
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Number

scholarly journals B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274) suppresses host immunity in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Wilcox ◽  
Andrew L. Feldman ◽  
David A. Wada ◽  
Zhi-Zhang Yang ◽  
Nneka I. Comfere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
B7 Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractStromal elements present within the tumor microenvironment may suppress host immunity and promote the growth of malignant lymphocytes in B cell–derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In contrast, little is known about the microenvironment's role in T cell–derived NHL. B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory/coinhibitory ligands expressed by both malignant cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, has emerged as an important immune modulator capable of suppressing host immunity. Therefore, B7-H1 expression and function were analyzed in cutaneous and peripheral T-cell NHL. B7-H1 was expressed by tumor cells, monocytes, and monocyte-derived cells within the tumor microenvironment in T-cell NHL and was found to inhibit T-cell proliferation and promote the induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Collectively, the data presented provide the first evidence implicating B7-H1 in the suppression of host immunity in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and suggest that the targeting of B7-H1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Demystifying the manipulation of host immunity, metabolism, and extraintestinal tumors by the gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziying Zhang ◽  
Haosheng Tang ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yongguang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Dietary Modulation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Abstract The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects of host pathophysiology. Remarkable progress in large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry has increased our understanding of the influence of the microbiome and/or its metabolites on the onset and progression of extraintestinal cancers and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Given the plasticity in microbial composition and function, microbial-based therapeutic interventions, including dietary modulation, prebiotics, and probiotics, as well as fecal microbial transplantation, potentially permit the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize the latest evidence on the involvement of the gut microbiome in host immunity and metabolism, the effects of the microbiome on extraintestinal cancers and the immune response, and strategies to modulate the gut microbiome, and we discuss ongoing studies and future areas of research that deserve focused research efforts.

scholarly journals Induction and Function of Lipocalin Prostaglandin D Synthase in Host Immunity

2007 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 2565-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungsoo Joo ◽  
Minjae Kwon ◽  
Ruxana T. Sadikot ◽  
Philip J. Kingsley ◽  
Lawrence J. Marnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity ◽  
Prostaglandin D Synthase ◽  
And Function
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