scholarly journals Learning Analytics in Small-scale Teacher-led Innovations: Ethical and Data Privacy Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Rodríguez-Triana ◽  
Alejandra Martínez-Monés ◽  
Sara Villagrá-Sobrino
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Learning Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of

As a further step towards maturity, the field of learning analytics (LA) is working on the definition of frameworks that structure the legal and ethical issues that scholars and practitioners must take into account when planning and applying LA solutions to their learning contexts. However, current efforts in this direction tend to be focused on institutional higher education approaches. This paper reflects on the need to extend these ethical frameworks to cover other approaches to LA; more concretely, small-scale classroom-oriented approaches that aim to support teachers in their practice. This reflection is based on three studies where we applied our teacher-led learning analytics approach in higher education and primary school contexts. We describe the ethical issues that emerged in these learning scenarios, and discuss them according to three dimensions: the overall learning analytics approach, the particular solution to learning analytics adopted, and the educational contexts where the analytics are applied. We see this effort as a first step towards the wider objective of providing a more comprehensive and adapted ethical framework to learning analytics that is able to address the needs of different learning analytics approaches and educational contexts.

Ethics and equity in rare disease research and healthcare

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Koromina ◽  
Vasileios Fanaras ◽  
Gareth Baynam ◽  
Christina Mitropoulou ◽  
George P Patrinos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Rare Genetic Diseases ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Key Aspects

Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technology, particularly whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing, have greatly affected our understanding of genetic variation underlying rare genetic diseases. Herein, we describe ethical principles of guiding consent and sharing of genomics research data. We also discuss ethical dilemmas in rare diseases research and patient recruitment policies and address bioethical and societal aspects influencing the ethical framework for genetic testing. Moreover, we focus on addressing ethical issues surrounding research in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, this perspective aims to address key aspects and issues for building proper ethical frameworks, when conducting research involving genomics data with a particular emphasis on rare diseases and genetics testing.

Use of Learning Analytics in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Skampagiannis ◽  
Athanasios Pletsas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Successful Students ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter per the authors examines the feasibility of a learning analytics tool in the Chinese Higher Institutions educational environment. At first, the general definition of learning analytics is examined. Additionally, the authors shed light on case studies of universities that have already implemented learning analytics. Moreover, the Chinese educational environment is examined through a thorough analysis of the learning analytics necessity. Based on the literature review, a learning analytics tool is proposed. In a technical basis, the tool is a combination of ELLI or Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory, a dispositional learning analytics tool and a recommender system. The ultimate function of the tool is that it links students with a specific educational profile with successful students with similar profiles. Finally, the author identified the key limitations of the prototype and performed a general analysis on the tools goals and expectations in the Chinese Higher Education Institutions.

scholarly journals Predictive learning analytics and the creation of emotionally adaptive learning environments in higher education institutions: a study of students' affect responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Paul Joseph-Richard ◽  
James Uhomoibhi ◽  
Andrew Jaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Predictive Learning

PurposeThe aims of this study are to examine affective responses of university students when viewing their own predictive learning analytics (PLA) dashboards, and to analyse how those responses are perceived to affect their self-regulated learning behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA total of 42 Northern Irish students were shown their own predicted status of academic achievement on a dashboard. A list of emotions along with definitions was provided and the respondents were instructed to verbalise them during the experience. Post-hoc walk-through conversations with participants further clarified their responses. Content analysis methods were used to categorise response patterns.FindingsThere is a significant variation in ways students respond to the predictions: they were curious and motivated, comforted and sceptical, confused and fearful and not interested and doubting the accuracy of predictions. The authors show that not all PLA-triggered affective states motivate students to act in desirable and productive ways.Research limitations/implicationsThis small-scale exploratory study was conducted in one higher education institution with a relatively small sample of students in one discipline. In addition to the many different categories of students included in the study, specific efforts were made to include “at-risk” students. However, none responded. A larger sample from a multi-disciplinary background that includes those who are categorised as “at-risk” could further enhance the understanding.Practical implicationsThe authors provide mixed evidence for students' openness to learn from predictive learning analytics scores. The implications of our study are not straightforward, except to proceed with caution, valuing benefits while ensuring that students' emotional well-being is protected through a mindful implementation of PLA systems.Social implicationsUnderstanding students' affect responses contributes to the quality of student support in higher education institutions. In the current era on online learning and increasing adaptation to living and learning online, the findings allow for the development of appropriate strategies for implementing affect-aware predictive learning analytics (PLA) systems.Originality/valueThe current study is unique in its research context, and in its examination of immediate affective states experienced by students who viewed their predicted scores, based on their own dynamic learning data, in their home institution. It brings out the complexities involved in implementing student-facing PLA dashboards in higher education institutions.

Doping tradizionale e doping genetico: questioni etiche / Traditional doping and genetic doping: ethical issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Elisa Buzzi
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Genetic Technology ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
Sport Ethics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technological Civilization

Il complesso fenomeno del doping presenta notevoli problemi di definizione. Queste difficoltà, che hanno influenzato l’evoluzione delle politiche anti-doping, sono ulteriormente acuite dall’assenza di una cornice etica chiaramente definita, in grado di giustificare inequivocabilmente le azioni di contrasto intraprese dalle agenzie sportive a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo. Ai problemi di interpretazione del doping nelle sue forme tradizionali si sono aggiunte, da qualche decennio, le questioni relative al doping genetico. Il contributo analizza le diverse tipologie di tecnologia genetica, potenzialmente utilizzabili per un miglioramento della prestazione atletica, nella prospettiva di una valutazione etica. Oltre ai problemi medici, legali e morali del doping tradizionale, il doping genetico pone dilemmi etici inediti che rischiano di rendere le risposte dell’etica sportiva e delle politiche anti-doping, se non inefficaci, per lo meno inadeguate e anacronistiche. Nonostante la difficoltà di prevedere l’impatto che le tecnologie genetiche potranno avere sul mondo dello sport, la prospettiva del doping genetico, non diversamente da altre forme di doping, ma più radicalmente, pone due tipi di questioni. In primo luogo, costringe a ripensare alla natura e alle finalità dello sport e delle competizioni atletiche come espressioni dell’eccellenza umana. In secondo luogo, solleva questioni fondamentali circa la definizione dell’identità e della dignità umane nella civiltà tecnologica. ---------- Interpreting doping is fraught with difficulties at the very level of a comprehensive and consistent definition of the phenomenon. Such difficulties have influenced the evolution of anti-doping policies, that are further hindered by the lack of a clearly articulated ethical framework. Moreover, in the last few decades, a host of moral dilemmas has been arising in connection with gene doping. This article analyses different kinds of genetic technology that could enhance athletic performances in the light of their moral implications. In addition to the medical, legal, and ethical problems inherent in traditional doping, gene doping raises a whole range of new ethical issues that might render the current formulations of sport ethics and anti-doping policies, if not ineffectual, at least inadequate and anachronistic. Notwithstanding the difficulties in foreseeing how developments in genetic technology might impact the world of sport in the future, the perspective of gene doping radicalises two kinds of issues, that are not stranger to other forms of doping. Firstly, it leads to reconsider the nature and goals of sport as an expression of human excellency, and secondly, it raises fundamental questions about the definition of human identity and dignity in a technological civilization.

scholarly journals An Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Competitive Sport: Theory and Function

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine L. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Social License ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sports Ethics ◽  
Equestrian Sport ◽  
And Function

Growing ethical concern about equestrian sport is reflected in publications by regulatory authorities, animal charities, and the lay press; and in government debate and social media. However, attempts by regulators and stakeholders to address ethical issues in equine sport have been discipline specific and ad hoc. Ethical frameworks can help stakeholders to make contextual decisions about what should or should not be done in a particular situation. However, when existing animal welfare frameworks and existing sports ethics frameworks are reviewed in this paper, it becomes clear that none provide us with a suitable or sufficient tool for considering ethical issues which can arise in situations where the athlete is a non-human, non-consenting participant. This paper presents the theoretical development of a novel ethical framework, with the aim of providing stakeholders with a tool which they might apply to the consideration of the ethical questions which inevitably arise in relation to (equestrian) sport. The derivation and limitations of the ethical framework are explained. The use of the framework will serve both to underwrite the continuation of the social license to use horses in sport and also to enable those within equestrian sport to critically assess existing and proposed practices and to make welfare-improving adjustments to practice if/where necessary. The theoretical framework as presented here is currently being practically tested and refined in consultation with industry stakeholders, and that research will be submitted for publication in due course.

scholarly journals Learning analytics experience among academics in Australia and Malaysia: A comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah West ◽  
Zaidatun Tasir ◽  
Ann Luzeckyj ◽  
Kew Si Na ◽  
Danny Toohey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
National Context ◽  
Educational Culture ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Improving Teaching And Learning

Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the experience and involvement of academics in learning analytics (LA) due to its potential for improving teaching and learning. However, findings often reflect an educational culture which is indicative of the institutional or national context where the study has occurred, resulting in bias regarding LA perspectives. Therefore, this study seeks to compare and contrast the experiences of LA among academics in Australia and Malaysia, with intentions to learn from each other’s experience. Areas of comparison were: (1) academics’ involvement in LA activities; (2) academics’ responses to the institutional capacity in supporting LA; and 3) academics’ concerns about the ethical issues surrounding LA. A survey of 353 Australian and 224 Malaysian academics revealed similarities and differences. It is evident from these results that the context and infrastructure for LA are at different stages of development in both countries. Nevertheless, the results provide an interesting reflection on academics’ needs, institutional understanding, policies, and educational cultural biases in applying LA in teaching and learning in higher education institutions.

scholarly journals Mapping the Ethics of Learning Analytics in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Teresa Cerratto Pargman ◽  
Cormac McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps

Ethics is a prominent topic in learning analytics that has been commented on from conceptual viewpoints. For a broad range of emerging technologies, systematic literature reviews have proven fruitful by pinpointing research directions, knowledge gaps, and future research work guidance. With these outcomes in mind, we conducted a systematic literature review of the research on ethical issues that have been empirically approached in the learning analytics literature. In our final analysis, 21 articles published in the period 2014–2019 met our inclusion criteria. By analyzing this data, we seek to contribute to the field of learning analytics by 1) characterizing the type of empirical research that has been conducted on ethics in learning analytics in the context of higher education, 2) identifying the main ethical areas addressed in the selected literature, and 3) pinpointing knowledge gaps.

Social fairness and social marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-539
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Kennedy ◽  
Nicholas Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
The Social

Purpose Social marketers set out to undertake interventions that benefit society. However, at times, there can be inadvertent, unintended consequences of these interventions that can be seen as unethical. Such ethical issues can arise from the context, process, method and outcomes of interventions and often bring to the fore the “social fairness” of social marketing. Given that social marketing is aimed at societal benefit, the authors believe that the issue of social fairness is an important one in the context of ethical social marketing. With that in mind, the purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion of the application of a normative ethical framework, labelled the integrative justice model (IJM) (Santos and Laczniak, 2009), to social marketing. This amounts to a macro-social marketing ethical framework. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual broadening of a normative ethical framework. Findings The authors hold that the IJM provides several helpful normative guidelines for improving the “social fairness” of social marketing. As such, the presented normative framework of macro-social marketing ethics provides useful guidelines for future development of social marketing codes of ethics. Practical implications The macro-social marketing ethics framework provides practical guidelines for social marketers to assess ethical issues in social marketing. Originality/value The macro-social marketing ethics framework answers the call of Carter, Mayes, Eagle and Dahl (2017) for development of ethical frameworks for social marketers. It provides a reconciliation of multiple normative frameworks to give a set of guidelines for social marketers that are clear and non-contradictory.

Applying Ethical Theories to Genetic Counseling Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Barbara B. Biesecker ◽  
Kathryn F. Peters ◽  
Robert Resta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Brca Mutation ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
The Common

Genetic counseling engenders thorny ethical issues that expand as genetic testing technology continues to evolve. Genetic counselors are frequently faced with bioethical dilemmas that, by their very nature, are not easily resolved. This chapter reviews some of the common ethical frameworks for considering ethically complex situations—deontology, casuistry, principilism, and feminist ethics. These ethical approaches are illustrated by applying them to a case of a mother who is a BRCA mutation carrier and is trying to make a decision about genetic testing for her fourteen-year-old daughter. No one ethical framework will be applicable to all genetic counseling dilemmas, but familiarity with these different approaches can help counselors better understand the value of each approach in assessing a variety of clinical situations. A model is presented showing how to manage, think about, and think through ethical dilemmas.

Revisiting the ethical framework governing water fluoridation and food fortification

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shakeri ◽  
Christopher Adanty ◽  
Howsikan Kugathsan
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Nuremberg Code ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Food fortification and water fluoridation are two public health initiatives that involve the passive consumption of nutrients through food and water supplies. While ethical analyses of food fortification and water fluoridation have been done separately, none have been done together. In this paper, we will consider whether the similarities between food fortification and water fluoridation override their differences and thus what ethical conclusions can be cross-pollinated between the two interventions. This study does three things: first, we review the origin, reasoning and mechanisms behind food fortification and water fluoridation. From there, we deduce the primary ethical dilemma that overshadows food fortification and water fluoridation – they both require a form of deception and are consumed passively without the need for informed consent. Finally, we look at various approaches ethicists have taken to understand the ethical issues surrounding the programs. Two key ethical models appear in this discussion: the justificatory approach and the stewardship model. Beyond these two frameworks, one ethical analysis deduces from the Nuremberg Code that water fluoridation is unethical based on the definition of consent. As recent scientific papers and the general public have started discussing and debating the passive consumption of various drugs via public water supplies, it is prudent that we revisit the ethics behind food fortification and water fluoridation programs; this will ultimately allow us to better navigate complex problems in nutritional ethics and passive delivery.

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