scholarly journals Study of Indicator Properties of Chemical Elements, Corresponding to Geochemical Environment of Natural Mineral Water Formation

Georesursy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
V.G. Amelin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water ◽  
Water Formation

scholarly journals Good Practices of Quality Control in the Area Surrounding of Natural Mineral Water Abstraction of São Pedro Do Sul Medical Spa (Portugal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Luís M. Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Ana Jorge ◽  
Liliana Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Record System ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
External Monitoring

Abstract São Pedro do Sul medical spa is a space with a millenary tradition in providing health services from the natural hot groundwater. The main source of supply of this thermal unit, was along the time, the Traditional Spring, which in the last decades has been controlled, and shows to have constancy in the flow rate, with about 10 L/s, with a temperature of 68.6°C in the origin. From 1999 onwards, with the construction of new abstraction, Well AC1, with 500m deep, with a maximum flow rate of 12.2 L/s, at 67°C, the exploitation potential of this resource increased. Due to the fabulous characteristics of the resource’s potential (hot natural mineral water), there has been over time a great development in the spa medical activity, having already frequented these spa 25450 users per year, reflecting a maximum annual turnover of 5.4 million euros, coming from thermalism alone. Currently, there are two Bathhouses in operation and the resource is used, not only for therapeutic and wellness thermalism but also for geothermal uses and yet in the cosmetic area. This situation becomes the perfect scenario for attracting investment, increasing the circulation of people and goods, but also in the interest of building new bathhouses, hotels and restaurants and subsequently new roads, gardens, public drinking water and sanitation networks. All this pressure causes a lot of potential damage to the environment, including the underground water environment, and could eventually lead to the closure of the medical spa, if the natural mineral water from the abstractions become contaminated. In Portugal, there are several legally imposed defensive mechanisms of the mineral aquifer system, namely the implementation of the Protection Perimeter, but also the analytical control of the natural mineral water, at the abstraction head, both in chemical and microbiological terms, in addition to the orientation to have an automatic, on-line, record system associated to the abstractions, monitoring parameters such as: water level, flow rate, temperature, pH and conductivity of the water captured. However, the Sao Pedro do Sul medical spa go further, implementing an external monitoring system, consisting of: i) double piezometers (to sample groundwater at different depths), ii) street rainwater samplers, and iii) records precipitation and respective quality. Thus, in this paper, after a brief presentation of the importance of the resource and the physical aspects of the place (geology, hydrogeology and quality of the resource), the fundamental elements of the implemented external monitoring system and its main results are presented, showing that precipitation itself is already contaminated, that street rainwater sample presents chemical elements that are highly harmful to public health, and that groundwater sometimes presents very worrying results. Finally, some actions are mentioned that have been implemented to minimize the potential for contamination of natural mineral water from abstractions and the mineral aquifer system.

Aava Natural Mineral Water (A)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Jaiswal ◽  
Harit Palan ◽  
Ingita Jain
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water

scholarly journals Can cyanobacteria infect underground water sources? Evidence from a small scale monitoring of natural mineral water drinking source

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Gkelis ◽  
Aristidis Vlamis
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water

The expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms is of worldwide concern as they have increased globally in frequency and intensity in recent decades. A cyanobacterial colony was found in a bottle of natural mineral water of a small water company in July 2012, which led to a further examination for a period of five months (July-November 2012) of both the bottled filtered water and the originating groundwater source (N. Greece) for the occurrence of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria occurrence was monitored by microscopy and cyanospecific 16S rDNA amplification; potentially toxic species occurrence was screened by mcyA gene (known to take part in the MC-biosynthetic gene cluster) amplification. The highest abundance of cyanobacterial cells without the simultaneous presence of the mcyA gene, was measured in July, in contrast to October when the presence of cyanobacteria was only identified by tracing cyanospecific 16S rDNA and the mcyA gene region in the underground water source. The results of this small scale monitoring program indicate the potential existence of an emerging danger for human health in a relatively manageable product such as the bottled natural mineral water. 

scholarly journals Diversity of Bacteria Growing in Natural Mineral Water after Bottling

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3624-3632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Loy ◽  
Wolfgang Beisker ◽  
Harald Meier
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water

ABSTRACT Bacterial growth occurs in noncarbonated natural mineral waters a few days after filling and storage at room temperature, a phenomenon known for more than 40 years. Using the full-cycle rRNA approach, we monitored the development of the planktonic bacterial community in a noncarbonated natural mineral water after bottling. Seven 16S rRNA gene libraries, comprising 108 clones in total, were constructed from water samples taken at various days after bottling and from two different bottle sizes. Sequence analyses identified 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), all but one affiliated with the betaproteobacterial order Burkholderiales (6 OTUs) or the class Alphaproteobacteria (4 OTUs). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in combination with DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, viability staining, and microscopic counting to quantitatively monitor changes in bacterial community composition. A growth curve similar to that of a bacterium grown in a batch culture was recorded. In contrast to the current perception that Gammaproteobacteria are the most important bacterial components of natural mineral water in bottles, Betaproteobacteria dominated the growing bacterial community and accounted for 80 to 98% of all bacteria detected by FISH in the late-exponential and stationary-growth phases. Using previously published and newly designed genus-specific probes, members of the betaproteobacterial genera Hydrogenophaga, Aquabacterium, and Polaromonas were found to constitute a significant proportion of the bacterial flora (21 to 86% of all bacteria detected by FISH). For the first time, key genera responsible for bacterial growth in a natural mineral water were identified by applying molecular cultivation-independent techniques.

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