The role of medical expulsion therapy in the management of urinary stones

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Stones

scholarly journals Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Różalski ◽  
Agnieszka Torzewska ◽  
Magdalena Moryl ◽  
Iwona Kwil ◽  
Agnieszka Maszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
The Complement System

The genus Proteus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, where it is placed in the tribe Proteeae, together with the genera Morganella and Providencia. Currently, the genus Proteus consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri and P. myxofaciens, as well as three unnamed Proteus genomospecies. The most defining characteristic of Proteus bacteria is a swarming phenomenon, a multicellular differentiation process of short rods to elongated swarmer cells. It allows population of bacteria to migrate on solid surface. Proteus bacteria inhabit the environment and are also present in the intestines of humans and animals. These microorganisms under favorable conditions cause a number of infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, meningitis in neonates or infants and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, Proteus is known as a bacterial opportunistic pathogen. It causes complicated UTIs with a higher frequency, compared to other uropathogens. Proteus infections are accompanied by a formation of urinary stones, containing struvite and carbonate apatite. The virulence of Proteus rods has been related to several factors including fimbriae, flagella, enzymes (urease - hydrolyzing urea to CO2 and NH3, proteases degrading antibodies, tissue matrix proteins and proteins of the complement system), iron acqusition systems and toxins: hemolysins, Proteus toxin agglutinin (Pta), as well as an endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Proteus rods form biofilm, particularly on the surface of urinary catheters, which can lead to serious consequences for patients. In this review we present factors involved in the regulation of swarming phenomenon, discuss the role of particular pathogenic features of Proteus spp., and characterize biofilm formation by these bacteria.

Low-voltage SEM of urinary stones

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Peter Rez ◽  
Michail Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Oxalates ◽  
Recurrent Stone ◽  
Recurrent Stone Formers

Urinary stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate and calcium apatite while a minority of stones are formed from uric acid. The oxalate stones occur with greatest frequency, mainly in the form of the monohydrate (whellewite) with some dihydrate (wedellite) present. Despite many years of extensive research, the mechanisms for kidney stone nucleation and growth are still unknown. In particular the urine from recurrent stone formers, and the urine from those who do not form stones, does not show large differences in concentration of either calcium or oxalate ions. Recent work has emphasised the role of possible “inhibitors” or “promoters” in the growth of urinary stones though the quest for these substances remains elusive. Much effort has been devoted to the study of crystallization of calcium oxalates in an attempt to understand nucleation, aggregation and growth as a function of pH and the presence of possible promoters or inhibitors.Many analytical techniques have been applied to urinary stone analysis with X-ray diffraction, wet chemistry and infrared spectroscopy being the most successful for routine characterisation.

Green Tea and Struvite Crystals in Relation to Infectious Urinary Stones: The Role of (−)-Epicatechin

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 5953-5964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Prywer ◽  
Marcin Olszynski ◽  
Ewa Mielniczek Brzóska
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Urinary Stones

scholarly journals ON THE ROLE OF THE ORGANIC MATRIX IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF URINARY STONES

1988 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 1969-1975
Author(s):  
Hidenobu Iwata ◽  
Shouzo Iio ◽  
Yukichi Abe ◽  
Osamu Kamei ◽  
Shunji Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Urinary Stones

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of urine microbiota in obstructive urinary retention patients revealed by next-generation sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Saisai Lu ◽  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Fengxia Li ◽  
Chengwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Urinary retention (UR) is a common urinary system disease can be caused by urinary tract obstruction with numerous reasons, however, the role of urine microbes in these disorders is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the urine microbial features of two common types of obstructive UR, caused by urinary stones or urinary tract tumors, with comparison to healthy controls. Methods Urine samples were collected from a cohort of 32 individuals with stone UR, 25 subjects with tumor UR and 25 healthy controls. The urine microbiome of all samples was analyzed using high-throughput 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene sequencing. Results We observed dramatically increased urine microbial richness and diversity in both obstructive UR groups compared to healthy controls. Despite different origins of UR, bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Sphingomonas were enriched, while Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Prevotella and Atopobium were decreased in both UR groups in comparison with healthy controls, exhibited an approximate urine microbial community and functional characteristics of two types of obstructive UR. Furthermore, disease classifiers were constructed using specific enriched genera in UR, which can distinguish stone UR or tumor UR patients from healthy controls with an accuracy of 92.29% and 97.96%, respectively. Conclusion We presented comprehensive microbial landscapes of two common types of obstructive urinary retention and demonstrated that urine microbial features of these patients are significantly different from that of healthy people. The urine microbial signatures would shed light on the pathogenesis of these types of urinary retention and might be used as potential classification tools in the future.

In vitrostudies on the role of glycosaminoglycans in crystallization intensity during infectious urinary stones formation

Apmis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Torzewska ◽  
Antoni Różalski
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Stones

scholarly journals New trends in diagnostics and therapy of urinary stones - the role of CT examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Milan Král ◽  
Filip Čtvrtlík ◽  
Jaromír Ptáček ◽  
František Hruška ◽  
Michaela Motolová
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy
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