scholarly journals The Dynamical Relation Between Individual Needs and Group Performance: A Simulation of the Self-Organising Task Allocation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Wang ◽  
Kees Zoethout ◽  
Wander Jager ◽  
Yanzhong Dang
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Dynamical Relation

scholarly journals The best task allocation process is to decide on one’s own: effects of the allocation agent in human–robot interaction on perceived work characteristics and satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Tausch ◽  
Annette Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Allocation Decision ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Task Identity

AbstractNew technologies are ever evolving and have the power to change human work for the better or the worse depending on the implementation. For human–robot interaction (HRI), it is decisive how humans and robots will share tasks and who will be in charge for decisions on task allocation. The aim of this online experiment was to examine the influence of different decision agents on the perception of a task allocation process in HRI. We assume that inclusion of the worker in the allocation will create more perceived work resources and will lead to more satisfaction with the allocation and the work results than a decision made by another agent. To test these hypotheses, we used a fictional production scenario where tasks were allocated to the participant and a robot. The allocation decision was either made by the robot, by an organizational unit, or by the participants themselves. We then looked for differences between those conditions. Our sample consisted of 151 people. In multiple ANOVAs, we could show that satisfaction with the allocation process, the solution, and with the result of the work process was higher in the condition where participants themselves were given agency in the allocation process compared to the other two. Those participants also experienced more task identity and autonomy. This has implications for the design of allocation processes: The inclusion of workers in task allocation can play a crucial role in leveraging the acceptance of HRI and in designing humane work systems in Industry 4.0.

Distributed task allocation for multiple heterogeneous UAVs based on consensus algorithm and online cooperative strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1464-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Wu ◽  
Naigang Cui ◽  
Wenzhao Shan ◽  
Xiaogang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Cooperative Strategy ◽  
Bayesian Theorem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Framework ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Distributed Task Allocation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a distributed task allocation method for cooperative mission planning of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on the consensus algorithm and the online cooperative strategy. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the allocation process is conducted in a distributed framework. The cooperative task allocation problem is proposed with constraints and uncertainties in a real mission. The algorithm based on the consensus algorithm and the online cooperative strategy is proposed for this problem. The local chain communication mode is adopted to restrict the bandwidth of the communication link among the UAVs, and two simulation tests are given to test the optimality and rapidity of the proposed algorithm. Findings This method can handle both continuous and discrete uncertainties in the mission space, and the proposed algorithm can obtain a feasible solution in allowable time. Research limitations/implications This study is only applied to the case that the total number of the UAVs is less than 15. Practical implications This study is expected to be practical for a real mission with uncertain targets. Originality/value The proposed algorithm can go beyond previous works that only deal with continuous uncertainties, and the Bayesian theorem is adopted for estimation of the target.

scholarly journals A computational model of task allocation in social insects – ecology and interactions alone can drive specialisation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Bernd Meyer ◽  
Julian García
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Performance Counter ◽  
Ecological Success

AbstractSocial insect colonies are capable of allocating their workforce in a decentralised fashion; addressing a variety of tasks and responding effectively to changes in the environment. This process is fundamental to their ecological success, but the mechanisms behind it remain poorly understood. While most models focus on internal and individual factors, empirical evidence highlights the importance of ecology and social interactions. To address this gap we propose a game theoretical model of task allocation. Individuals are characterised by a trait that determines how they split their energy between two prototypical tasks: foraging and regulation. To be viable, a colony needs to learn to adequately allocate its workforce between these two tasks. We study two different processes: individuals can learn relying exclusively on their own experience, or by using the experiences of others via social learning. We find that social organisation can be determined by the ecology alone, irrespective of interaction details. Weakly specialised colonies in which all individuals tend to both tasks emerge when foraging is cheap; harsher environments, on the other hand, lead to strongly specialised colonies in which each individual fully engages in a single task. We compare the outcomes of self-organised task allocation with optimal group performance. Counter to intuition, strongly specialised colonies perform suboptimally, whereas the group performance of weakly specialised colonies is closer to optimal. Social interactions lead to important differences when the colony deals with dynamic environments. Colonies whose individuals rely on their own experience are more exible when dealing with change. Our computational model is aligned with mathematical predictions in tractable limits. This different kind of model is useful in framing relevant and important empirical questions, where ecology and interactions are key elements of hypotheses and predictions.

scholarly journals USAR simulation system: presenting spatial strategies in agents' task allocation under uncertainties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Hooshangi ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Mahdi Panahi ◽  
Saro Lee
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Interval Uncertainty ◽  
Urban Search And Rescue ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Rescue Time ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Abstract. Task allocation in uncertainty conditions is a key problem for agents attempting to achieve harmony in disaster environments. This paper presents an agent- based simulation to investigate tasks allocation through the consideration of appropriate spatial strategies to deal with uncertainty in urban search and rescue (USAR) operation. The proposed method is presented in five phases: ordering existing tasks, finding coordinating agent, holding an auction, applying allocation strategies, and implementation and observation of environmental uncertainties. The methodology was evaluated in Tehran's District 1 for 6.6, 6.9, and 7.2 magnitude earthquakes. The simulation started by calculating the number of injured individuals, which was 28856, 73195 and 111463 people for each earthquake, respectively. The Simulations were performed for each scenario for a variety of rescuers (1000, 1500, 2000 rescuer). In comparison with contract net protocol (CNP), the standard time of rescue operations in the proposed approach includes at least 13% of improvement and the best percentage of recovery was 21 %. Interval uncertainty analysis and the comparison of the proposed strategies showed that an increase in uncertainty leads to an increased rescue time for CNP of 67.7 hours, and for strategies one to four an increased rescue time of 63.4, 63.2, 63.7, and 56.5 hours, respectively. Considering strategies in the task allocation process, especially spatial strategies, resulted in the optimization and increased flexibility of the allocation as well as conditions for fault tolerance and agent-based cooperation stability in USAR simulation system.

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Mission Planning Method for Simultaneous Arrival of Multi-UAV Coalition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yan ◽  
Xiaoping Zhu ◽  
Zhou Zhou ◽  
Jing Chu
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Allocation Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Process ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Ph Curve

A hierarchical mission planning method was proposed to solve a simultaneous attack mission planning problem for multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The method consisted of three phases aiming to decouple and solve the mission planning problem. In the first phase, the Pythagorean hodograph (PH) curve was used in the path estimation process for each UAV, which also served as the input for the task allocation process. In the second phase, a task allocation algorithm based on a negotiation mechanism was proposed to assign the targets. Considering the resource requirement, time-dependent value of targets and resource consumption of UAVs, the proposed task allocation algorithm can generate a feasible allocation strategy and get the maximum system utility. In the last phase, a path planning method was proposed to generate a simultaneous arrival PH path for each UAV considering UAV’s kinematic constraint and collision avoidance with obstacles. The comparison simulations showed that the path estimation process using the PH curve and the proposed task allocation algorithm improved the system utility, and the hierarchical mission planning method has potential in a real mission.

Accuracy in Parallel Dynamic Task Allocation for Multi-Robot Systems Under Fuzzy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Teggar Hamza ◽  
Senouci Mohamed ◽  
Debbat Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Dynamic Task Allocation ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multi Robot

Making the right decision is an essential requirement for the task allocation process in multi-robot systems functioning in dynamic environments. Robots are often forced to make these decisions individually without any communication between them. It may be due to reasons related to uncertainty in environments or related to tasks security, such as military applications. However, robot decisions must be precise in order to increase their efficiency to perform complex tasks. This paper presents a model in which a criterion of accuracy in tasks allocation process in an uncertain environment is defined. In order to increase this precision in such environments, the robots will formulate their observations in terms of the fuzzy linguistic variables. These variables are used by a fuzzy inference system to determine a utility value of a task that most effectively increases accuracy in task allocation. Simulation results on a complex task of goods transportation by mobile robots are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model.

Task Allocation of Multiple Robotic Fishes Based on Self-Organizing Map Neural Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lian Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Robotic Fish ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Ball Game ◽  
Target Task ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Som Neural Network ◽  
Self Organizing

For a water polo ball game there are multiple water polos and multiple robotic fishes in each team, seeking a reasonable task allocation plan is the key point to win the game. To resolve the problem, this paper proposed a multi-target task allocation method based on the Self-organizing map (SOM) neural network. This method takes the position of the water polos as the input vector, competes and compares the position of the water polos and robotic fishes, outputs the corresponding robotic fish of each water polo. The robotic fish will move toward the target water polo when the weight was adjusted, and will finally reach the target water polo. Simulations show that the score of the team using this method is higher than another team. The results prove the correctness and reliability of this method.

The effect of peer group performance on the self-concept of reading in a foreign language

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Janssen ◽  
Sofie Wouters ◽  
Tine Huygh ◽  
Katrijn Denies ◽  
Karine Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept

Representations of American Indians and the Irish in educational reports, 1850s–1920s

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (129) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Noble Savage ◽  
Individual Needs

Modern colonialism, writes Gyan Prakash, ‘instituted enduring hierarchies of subjects and knowledges — the colonizer and the colonized, the Occidental and the Oriental, the civilized and the primitive, the scientific and the superstitious, the developed and the underdeveloped’. Such dichotomies ‘reduced complex differences and interactions to the binary (self/other) logic of colonial power’, and colonial rulers ‘constituted the “native” as their inverse image’. Such perceptions of difference as ‘other’ expressed what ‘civilized’ Westerners believed themselves not to be — but also what they feared they might become, should they lose rational self-control. The ‘other’, writes Eva Kornfelt, ‘threatens the integrity of the self by offering alternative, unrealized, and suppressed possibilities’. As shown by Western fascination with the ‘noble savage’, this process could sometimes produce positive representations. Yet even these expressed the needs of the perceiver rather than the reality of the perceived. ‘Othering’, then, is a complex process, one implying deep cultural and individual needs, which may occasionally result in accurate representations, but more often produces self-justifying positive/negative dichotomies.

Research of Multiple UAVs Task Allocation Based on Improved Contract Net

2013 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Wei Li ◽  
Bao An Li
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Allocation Algorithm ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Contract Net ◽  
Multiple Uavs ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Control Target ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Improved Algorithm

This paper makes a research on multiple UAVs task allocation in cooperative combat. The control target is presented and the model is built of the problem. By introducing load factor, the traditional task allocation algorithm based on contract net is improved. With considering the mission capability of UAVs, a task allocation algorithm based on improved contract net is given. The improved algorithm can significantly reduce the communication between UAVs, and can optimize the task allocation process. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional task allocation algorithm based on contract net, the improved algorithm can improve the efficiency of UAVs task allocation and balance the task load between the UAVs, it can solve the problem of multiple types of tasks allocation effectively.

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