scholarly journals Problems of sustainable development and challenges related to production

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-229
Author(s):  
Natalia Mazur ◽  
Dariusz Nowak ◽  
Vasyl Zalizko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Short Product ◽  
The One ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
Technical Solutions

Due to the changes taking place in the environment of enterprises, many problems arise in their strategic and operational activities. The basis of the emerging problems is primarily the overproduction associated with short product life cycles. It contributes to the excessive use of various types of natural resources, often in a predatory manner. On the one hand, such an approach increases waste, and on the other, contributes to the destructive degradation of the environment. The result is a lack of food and water in some countries, climate change and related extreme weather phenomena, as well as various types of disasters, such as pandemics, fires, floods, droughts, etc. Water, air and land pollution as well as global warming are reflected in deteriorating quality of life. Despite many threats, more and more enterprises perceive the danger and undertake various types of adaptive projects. It should also be emphasized that the environmental awareness of both micro-enterprises and large corporations is growing. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the basic problems that companies may encounter in their operations activity. First, changes in the environment are discussed, with particular emphasis on the depletion of natural resources, pollution of a destructive nature, as well as waste and its causes. The next part deals with the topic of globalization, pointing to both positive and negative aspects. Technical progress and related aspects such as new technologies, new processes and materials are discussed in the next part. In this part, particular attention is paid to improving productivity, thanks to the implementation of new technical solutions. Technical progress is directly related to the innovations presented in the next section. This section describes the types of innovation according to various criteria as well as factors that are conducive to increments in the level of innovation in the enterprise. The last part is devoted to the most important factor in operational activity—human esources. Competences, qualifications and the importance of human resources in the production process were discussed.

E-Waste, Chemical Toxicity, and Legislation in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Short Product ◽  
Technical Solutions

In present digital age, we constantly upgrade or replace our numerous electronic devices due to continuous technological advances and short product life cycles. With increasing “market penetration” in developing countries, “replacement market” in developed countries, and “high obsolescence rate,” a large pile of e-waste is generated either internally or it is generated in developed countries and often ends up for recycling in developing countries. The current practices of e-waste management and poor awareness in India is posing a huge challenge to the environment regulators, governments, and policy makers as much work needs to be done at ground level to achieve sustainable results This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of India's current e-waste scenario, analyzes hazardous metals and considers environmental and health risks posed by them, understands existing legal framework and strategic interventions, and explores immediate technical solutions to manage and minimize its impact on all.

Cyber Physical direction of irrigated agriculture development 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Zeyliger ◽  
Olga Ermolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

<p>Until recently, new technologies introduced into irrigated agriculture were mainly aimed at developing one or several related control actions. However, the needs of society to increase the volume and improve the quality of agricultural products have led to significant qualitative changes in irrigated agriculture. The various robotic systems used for this have proven their effectiveness in the mechanization and automation of the irrigation process, as well as in the application of chemical fertilizers and chemical protection of agricultural crops from diseases and pests. This resulted in higher yields while lowering production costs.Nowadays, biotechnologies currently being developed and being introduced into irrigated agriculture, as well as systems for controlling and monitoring environmental impacts, are aimed at solving problems related to further increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources, while minimizing the risks of negative impact on components and services of the environment.This is largely due to the impact of the rapid development of IC and sensor technologies aimed at creating production management systems based on the cyber-physical systems (CPS) paradigm. For this, there are using a holistic vision of the structure and cybernetic methods of management, artificial intelligence technologies, as well as digital platforms for integrating information flows between sub-subsystems of management, control, monitoring and decision support.In this context, the main difference between developed agricultural CPSs from the existing industrial agricultural systems focused on current economic efficiency lies in the plane of making agricultural production sustainable in the long term based on a balance between economic efficiency and the quality of natural resources used and services of the environment. From this point of view, irrigated agriculture focuses on the efficient use of natural resources, which are water, soil and air, as well as renewable and non-renewable (fossil) energy. At the same time, weather are considered as the impact of the external environment providing an irreplaceable source of water, heat and energy resources but with stochastic characteristics that are difficult to formalize. In connection with this diversity, a CPSs are built taking into account a complex compromise that takes into account many aspects of the negative impact of intensive agricultural production technologies on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these resources, not only in the place of their use, but also on the external environment beyond these limits. In this regard, water resources are one of the most important factors necessary, on the one hand, to impart long-term sustainability to irrigated agriculture, and on the one hand, as a factor that can lead in the near future to a significant decrease in fertility, as well as to a negative impact on the environmental services of the surrounding area. This contribution discusses some points of the development of an agricultural irrigation CPS’ subsystem aimed to monitor the soil moisture content at the root zone of the soil cover at the scale of irrigated agricultural crops and their relationship with industrial sprinkling technologies.Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-29-05261 mk</p>

Designing Peculiarities and Classification of Compositional Technologies in Mechanical Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 898-902
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Mikhaylov ◽  
Dmitriy Mikhaylov ◽  
Elena Mikhaylova ◽  
Irina Petryaeva ◽  
Ilia Navka
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
New Generation

Scientific technical progress demands of technologists decision of questions concerning cardinal improvement of quality of engineering products, and also providing of breakthrough aggregation of features and their practicality measure. In particular, it is necessary for hardware which works under severe operation conditions, and to features of which great demands are made. There are a lot of different functions which affect products in operation conditions. And these functions have variable action parameters. That fact in some cases leads to quick product function loss and to reduction of operating properties of machine or technological system. So, engineering products should be provided by unconventional properties [1, 2, . In order to resolve the problems we need nontraditional approaches in development of fundamentally new technologies. They should allow solving complicated problems of new generation of machines development with properties composition, got through application of different in significance technologies [.

A virtual e-bespoke men's shirt based on new body measurements and method of pattern drafting

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 2223-2244
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Yan ◽  
Victor E Kuzmichev
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Customization is prevailing in the apparel industry with increasing requirements from consumers and the popularization of new technologies. This study aimed to establish the novel approach of applying existing and new body measurements to customize the pattern block of a men's shirt, to enrich the anthropometric database, and to develop the fit evaluation procedure. New body measurements were extracted from 156 scanned male mesh bodies in accordance with the morphological features and developing method of pattern block sketching. Owing to these new body measurements, the customized shirt with assured high-level fit can be obtained by generating original patterns as bespoke, on the one hand, and by transforming ready-to-wear patterns, on the other hand. The first way is e-bespoke tailoring that utilizes the developed schedule of body morphological features, improved shirt pattern of desired style (body fit, slim fit, regular fit, and comfort fit), and virtual try-on software CLO 3D. The proposed method of virtual e-bespoke design allows readily completing a well-fitted and balanced men's shirt, which will contribute to the efficiency of customization and quality of end-products for the apparel industry.

scholarly journals Cyclicality as a modern paradigm of comprehending legal reality

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Kopytkov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
The One

The work is dedicated to the newest approach in legal science, the phenomenon of cyclicality. Cyclicality is a long-standing philosophical idea and concept that is practised in various scientific fields. To become a scientific theory and paradigm, it has gone a long evolutionary way from antiquity to modernity. The cyclical approach is in the "armament" of many sciences. It provides scientists with a whole methodological basis for scientific research, a completely different vision of the processes occurring in various spheres of human life. Unfortunately, modern jurisprudence still pays little attention to the phenomenon of cyclicality, its study in law. However, some developments of scientists indicate a growing interest to these issues. For example, Yu. A. Tikhomirov notes that the cyclical approach to the development of law allows us to abandon the mechanistic attitude to it and simplified assessments on the one hand, from a purely "text" perception of law as a set of legal acts that come in place of each other - on the other hand. With its help, there is an opportunity to reveal, understand and consciously influence all stages of life of both public and private law. To see their connections and crossovers, to identify the hidden facets of law. The concept of cyclicality has also become the basis for the "theory of constitutional cycles" by A.N. Medushevsky, who identifies evolutionary and revolutionary models of constitutional cycling, various models of constitutional cycles in post-socialist countries, and assesses exit strategies. He comes to the main conclusion that the cyclicality is traced in the constitutional development of different countries of the world, in particular, it is manifested in the laws of adoption and modification of the constitution. Due to cyclicality, we are able to analyze the past, model the future, trace the dynamics of any legal phenomena and processes. On the example of the "legislative cycle", we see that cyclicality can be both a form of legislative process and a methodological tool for legislative activity. Through the category of "life cycles" of law, the social, "living" nature of law is manifested, its dynamic essence is revealed. The cycle extends the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theoretical jurisprudence. This approach is also important in the study of deterministic and bifurcation processes in law. The interdisciplinary, integrative nature of the doctrine of cyclicality allows extrapolating into the sphere of modern jurisprudence some knowledge and developments in other sciences, in particular, economics and politics. All this suggests that the phenomenon of cyclicality is important in the process of studying the legal reality, in the process of learning it. Both the paradigm and the methodological basis of cyclicality can play a significant role in changing the quality of law. We also emphasize that today there are already substantial developments in the law, which uses the cyclical approach, however, these are only "first swallows". The theoretical and methodological potential of this approach for general theoretical and applied jurisprudence is only beginning to be discovered by researchers. It is possible to express confidence that addressing these issues by interested specialists will be useful to both science and society.

scholarly journals METHOD OF EFFICIENT REPRESENTATION AND PROTECTION OF DYNAMIC OBJECTS IN VIDEO POTOTICS BASED ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR ROCKUM COMPENSATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Volodymyr V. Barannik ◽  
Mykola V. Dvorsky ◽  
Valeriy V. Barannik ◽  
Anton D. Sorokun
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The One

Recently, special attention at implementation of the necessary level of information security is given to wireless technologies. Their use contributes to the growing demand for video information services. This is accompanied by an increase in the intensity of video streams and an increase in the processing time of video information, resulting in them far beyond the bandwidth of networks. Consequently, there is a contradiction that is caused: on the one hand, the growth of requirements for the quality of video information; on the other hand, difficulties in providing services of the given quality using wireless technologies.The article deals with issues related to the speed of the video stream of video information, depending on the quality of video data required, from spatial resolution and frame rate. The article concludes that with the trend of increasing the amount of video information in the complexes of the Hellenic Republic - it is necessary to improve the coding methods. In order to increase the efficiency of management and operational activities, it is proposed to improve the existing methods of encoding dynamic video streaming object with algorithms for motion compensation for video conferencing in the system of troop control. As a result, the article proposes a six-point algorithm for search, which can increase the efficiency and reduce the processing time of video information between subscribers. This approach, in the future, by improving the existing methods for encoding dynamic video streaming objects with algorithms of motion compensation, will improve the efficiency of using videoconferencing, for example, in the control system of troops.

scholarly journals Simulation centre as a strategic instrument of medical education quality improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (127)) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Khachatryan Robert ◽  
Ashot Avagimyan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Simulation Centre ◽  
Medical University

In the 21st century, medicine alongside with medical education, is a dynamically developing industry, and is experiencing a real renaissance of its development. New technologies are gradually replacing the old methods, which undoubtedly increases the quality of provided services, reducing the probability of medical errors, and favourably affects the mortality rate (for example, echocardiography, both transthoracic and intra-oesophageal, has replaced percussion and heart palpation). However, relatively old methods, for example, such as auscultation of the heart, still do not lose their significance or effectiveness, in particular, it is worth noting the high information content of this instrumental examination when dealing with valvular pathologies of the heart (for example, critical aortic stenosis). It is known that any educational institution, in particular, a medical one, must keep abreast of the times and correspond to modern needs. The management of medical universities, making long-term strategies for their development, in order to increase competitiveness, both their own and the one of their students, should maximally provide their clinics with the latest equipment, which will undoubtedly allow preserving its niche, perhaps at the regional or world level. For example, the Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi is of inter-regional importance, being the leading medical educational institution among the countries of the Caucasus and the Anterior Asia. In the process of introducing new technologies among students of medical universities, a competence-based approach is the opening of highly equipped imulation centres, where the future doctor and/or a certain doctor will be given a unique in the medical world chance, a chance for error, since it is well-known that a doctor’s mistake can cost life of the whole people. This article is devoted to the pivotal role of the simulation centre within the modern educational system of medical universities as well as the strategy for its construction. Keywords: medical education, doctor, simulation centre.

scholarly journals Automatic Visual Inspection of Grains Quality In Agroindustry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2017-216
Author(s):  
Robson Aparecido Gomes de Macedo ◽  
Wilson Dias Marques ◽  
Peterson Adriano Belan ◽  
Sidnei Alves Arujo
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Automatic Visual Inspection ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The One

With the advent of Industry 4.0, the use of new technologies, robotization and advanced manufacturing has been extended to the agricultural sector, with the aim of increasing productivity, reducing environmental impacts, increasing profits and improving the quality of products, giving rise to the terms Precision Agriculture, Agribusiness 4.0, Agriculture 4.0 and Agroindustry 4.0. If on the one hand much is being said about the adoption of new technologies in the stages of land preparation, planting and harvesting, on the other hand very little is said about the processing of agricultural products using, for example, automated systems for visual inspection of quality. This work aims to investigate the different approaches for automatic visual inspection of grains quality proposed in the last decade and present a discussion about how these approaches are inserted in the context of these new productive processes of modern agriculture, as well as the positive aspects and the limitations found for their uses.

scholarly journals Adapting and improving resilience to climate change in communities (moravian community as a pilot), by creating new capabilities based on the implementation of a new water culture; protection and management of natural resources

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 1453-1460
Author(s):  
A. Campos Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Training Project ◽  
Development Models ◽  
New Development ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

Water, in all its dimensions and scope, concerns humans as civilization, individuals and communities immersed in an environment that faces serious environmental threats and changes. The efficient way to deal with this crisis is education of present and future generations, breaking paradigms, creating awareness and new development models, seeking community groups and forces to empower their water resource and care, manage and renew it in an efficient and sustainable manner. The multiple uses of water in personal uses, irrigation, agro-industry and clean energy production, transforms this resource in a strategic element to any nation. With support from the Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología (CeNAT), it was possible to formulate the “Agenda Ambiental de Moravia”, agreeing to be the “Consejo Técnico de Fuerzas Vivas” (CTFV) from Moravia - articulated network of stakeholders – the one that coordinate all actions refered to water Resources, pollution and cleaner technologies and protected Areas. CeNAT and CTFV have developed distinguished efforts to improve the Moravians quality of life, and this has led the initiative of constitution of a whole education and training project in rescuing the Upper Basin of the Río Tárcoles, through the implementation of an ecological – recreative garden ("Parque Comunitario Pulmón Verde de Moravia"), fostersing good use of natural resources, and also works as a platform for training and awareness program in Sustainable Development, based on “Hacia una Nueva Cultura del Agua” (powered through the United Nations by Dr. Pedro Arrojo Agudo and his " Feria de Aguas, Ríos y Pueblos”, presented in many countries). This initiative is projected to the national and international communities, through the “Water International Conference”, which propel initiatives, laws and decisions which enable the development of Costa Rica and other countries under a sustainable model, focused on this essential component for life on the planet.

scholarly journals BIOECONOMY – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN MALOPOLSKA VOIVODSHIP (POLAND)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna KOKOSZKA ◽  
Małgorzata PINK
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
The One

The main objective of the article is to indicate the main challenges and development opportunities related to the bioeconomy, shown in the regional layout on the example of the Małopolska voivodeship. The theoretical part of a paper is basing on a review of the literature regarding a concept of bioeconomy. It finds is conclusions in a model of 'bio-economy triad of challenges', that the conventional economy is facing. The issues of bioeconomy in this paper are presented in a context of:  processes taking place between enterprises, consumers and the state,  challenges for qualitative and quantitative economic development. Referring to the above-mentioned model, it was stated that the bioeconomy should be the main direction of development as part of the smart specialization strategy for Małopolska. This will allow, among others development of functional value chains, increasing the added value of production and the possibility of sustainable management of natural resources. Attention was also paid to conditions of development that may constitute significant barriers in shaping the bio-profile of the economy on a regional basis:  environmental, in the sense of sustainable access to natural resources;  social, understood as the quality of social capital and access to a qualified workforce;  institutional, being the state's responsibility and related to the law, providing adequate infrastructure or adequate expenditures for R&D. It was noticed that Małopolska is characterized by a dual development model - on the one hand, we are dealing with sectors of modern technologies concentrated in the provincial city and some poviat cities. On the other hand, when we talk about the raw material sphere, one can talk about development destimulants, i.e. agrarian structure, the problem of fallowing land or the lack of a qualified workforce in rural areas.

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