Spanish Co-Operatives and Economic Cycles, a Retrospective Analysis, 1942-2002

Cándido Roman-Cervantes

doi:10.18483/pcbr.23

DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC CYCLES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGES

Polonia University Scientific Journal ◽

10.23856/2809 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Olena Tkaczenko ◽

Mariia Drobiazko

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Financial Liberalization ◽

Global Changes ◽

Global Crisis ◽

Economic Cycles ◽

World Development

In this article, a retrospective analysis of the theory of cyclicity is carried out and approaches to the study of cycles and crises are systematized. The scientists’ observations regarding the identification of the global crisis of 2008-2009 as global are revealed and summarized. It is noted that the latest crisis of 2008-2009 was a consequence of the accumulation of both traditional problems of economic cyclicality and new emerging paradigmatic changes in world development in the conditions of globalization. The focus is on such contradictions of globalization as: technoglobalism, global stratification, global financial liberalization and market fundamentalism.

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Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00110 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Julie L. Wambaugh ◽

Lydia Kallhoff ◽

Christina Nessler

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Sound Production ◽

Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Practice Schedule ◽

Practice Schedules ◽

Baseline Performance ◽

The Mean ◽

Number Of Treatment ◽

The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

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