scholarly journals Turbidity Removal Efficiency of Clay and a Synthetic af-PFCl Polymer of Magnesium Hydroxide in AMD Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (06) ◽  
pp. 38-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntwampe, I.O.
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Turbidity Removal

scholarly journals Effect of Cone-Plate Clarifier Structure Parameters on Flocculation Efficiency

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Peikun Liu ◽  
Linjing Xiao ◽  
Long Chang ◽  
Fangping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Coal Mine Water ◽  
Flocculation Effect

In this study, a coal mine water flocculation system was established. A series of flocculation tests were carried out at different structural parameters (cylinder height, cone-plate insertion depth and cone-plate spacing) to better investigate the effect of the cone-plate clarifier on coal mine water treatment performance. Sixteen sampling points were set up in the system for data monitoring to generate the required data. The cone-plate clarifier was divided into five zones for flocculation analysis. The increased cylinder height facilitated the flocculation of particles in the micro flocculation zone and the settling of particles in the settlement zone. The chemicals used are polyaluminum chloride (PACl), Fe3O4 and polyacrylamide (PAM), corresponding to doses of 60 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Insufficient insertion depth of the cone-plate will cause the small flocs that have not been fully flocculated to enter the exit pipe zone directly through the cone-plate, while too much insertion depth will cause the large floc in the settlement zone to re-enter the exit pipe zone. The flocculation effect of small flocs increased as the cone-plate spacing decreased, which is consistent with the shallow pool theory. When the cone plate spacing was too narrow, the amount of fluid was reduced and the increase in fluid velocity reduced the flocculation effect. Curve fitting was conducted for Suspended solids(SS) and turbidity removal efficiency under each structural parameter to derive the variation of SS and turbidity removal efficiency under different structural parameters. The regression models of SS and turbidity removal efficiency on the cylinder height, cone-plate insertion depth and cone-plate spacing were established based on the curve fitting results, and the regression models were verified to be well fitted based on the comparison of experimental results. Finally, the optimal values of SS and turbidity removal efficiency were found based on the regression model. The flow rate of the cone-plate clarifier is 0.6 m3/h. The SS removal efficiency reached 96.82% when the cylinder height was 708 mm, the cone-plate insertion depth was 367 mm and the cone-plate spacing was 26 mm. The turbidity removal efficiency reached 86.75% when the cylinder height was 709 mm, the cone-plate insertion depth was 369 mm and the cone-plate spacing was 26 mm.

scholarly journals The performance of sludge blanket clarifier against conventional settler under high water turbidity conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moharram Fouad ◽  
Shaban Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Field Data ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Sludge Accumulation

Abstract The performance of a sludge blanket clarifier was evaluated and compared to conventional settlers under high levels of turbidity and algae in the field and experimentally. Field data of sludge blanket and conventional clarifier operation were observed simultaneously for the treatment of highly turbid water. In addition, a comparison was carried out on turbidity removal efficiency, algae removal, and sludge accumulation pattern. Finally, these systems were simulated in the laboratory and operated to treat turbid water with high levels of turbidity and algae up to 80 NTU and 109cells/l respectively. Field data confirmed that the sludge blanket clarifier equipped with upper sludge cones has a high removal efficiency of turbidity and algae, ease of use and has insignificant sludge accumulation compared to the conventional settler. Further, laboratory experiments have confirmed that sludge blanket clarifier is also very effective for the treatment of high algae concentrations up to 109cells/l, with a short retention time, compared to a conventional settler, which was not effective under these conditions.

Stormwater runoff treatment filtration system and backwashing system

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junho Lee ◽  
Myungjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract This study has been carried out to evaluate the applicability of the pilot scale hybrid type of stormwater runoff treatment system for treatment of combined sewer overflow. Also, to determine the optimum operation parameter such as coagulation dosage concentration, effectiveness of coagulant usage, surface loading rate and backwashing conditions. The pilot scale stormwater filtration system (SFS) was installed at the municipal wastewater plant serving the city of Cheongju (CWTP), Korea. CWTP has a capacity of 280,000 m3/day. The SFS consists of a hydrocyclone coagulation/flocculation with polyaluminium chloride silicate (PACS) and an upflow filter to treat combined sewer overflows. There are two modes (without PACS use and with PACS use) of operation for the SFS. In case of no coagulant use, the range of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity removal efficiency were 72.0–86.6% (mean 80.0%) and 30.9–71.1% (mean 49.3%), respectively. And, the recovery rate of filter was 79.2–83.6% (mean 81.2%); the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 16.4–20.8% (mean 18.8%) after backwashing. The influent turbidity, SS concentrations were 59.0–90.7 NTU (mean 72.0 NTU), 194.0–320.0mg/L (mean 246.7mg/L), respectively. The range of PACS dosage concentration was 6.0–7.1mg/L (mean 6.7mg/L). The range of SS and turbidity removal efficiency was 84.9–98.2 (mean 91.4%) and 70.7–96.3 (mean 84.0%), respectively. It was found that removal efficiency was enhanced with PACS dosage. The recovery rate of filter was 92.0–92.5% (mean 92.3%) the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 6.1–8.2% (mean 7.2%) after backwashing. In the case of coagulant use, the particle size of the effluent is bigger than influent particle size. The results showed that SFS with PACS use more effective than without PACS use in SS and turbidity removal efficiency and recovery rate of filter.

scholarly journals A comparison of different pilot constructed clarifiers with the purpose of achieving the optimum condition in turbidity removal at water treatment plants in Tehran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri ◽  
Sima Malekmohamadi ◽  
Sheida Sohrabi Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Clarifying is one of the most crucial stages in water treatment at water treatment plants. Determining the type of the clarifier in water treatment plants and using it efficiently is necessary. In this study, a pilot is designed and constructed in which the pulsator, the superpulsator and the accelerator are simulated. For each system, turbidity removal efficiency for different influent turbidities and flow rates were studied and the optimum condition was obtained. The results showed that the superpulsator has a superior performance compared to the pulsator, and the pulsator has a superior performance compared to the accelerator and these differences are more sensible at higher flow rates. Also, the best condition for achieving the highest efficiency for the pulsator and the superpulsator is determined to be at flow rate 3 lit/min for an initial turbidity of 2,500 NTU with alum as the coagulant and the highest efficiency for the accelerator is determined to be at flow rate 3 lit/min for an initial turbidity of 2,500 NTU with ferric chloride as the coagulant. Comparing the turbidity removal efficiency shows that for 67% of the cases, ferric chloride has a better performance as the coagulant compared to alum and increasing the influent turbidity leads to an increase in the removal efficiency. Furthermore, three water treatment plants located in Tehran were studied and their characteristics were compared and suggestions were made to enhance their qualities.

scholarly journals Natural agents as auxiliaries in water clarification: literature review and experimental evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44800
Author(s):  
João Paulo Nascimento Armeloni ◽  
Danieli Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Clainer Bravin Donadel
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Processes

The increasing demand for water resources (primarily for human consumption and industrial and agricultural activity) is driven by socio-economic development, and population growth. Recent research has been focusing on alternative coagulants based on natural elements, as opposed to the commonly used iron and aluminum salts, for use in water and wastewater treatment processes. In this context, a thorough literature review on alternative coagulants and their application to water treatment processes has been conducted in this work. In addition, three experiments have been conducted with a widely used natural organic coagulant (Moringa oleifera). The alternative clarification system used is the helically coiled tube flocculator (HCTF), with high turbidity removal efficiency and low processing times. A comparative analysis of the turbidity reduction over time was performed with samples collected after 600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400, and 2700 s from the hydraulic circuit. The process efficiency using the proposed alternative coagulant reached 95.3% (after 1800 s). The turbidity removal efficiency remained almost constant after 1800 s, with variations below 1%. These results prove that natural alternative agents can be powerful tools in the water treatment process, with efficiency values exceeding those obtained using chemicals (e.g., aluminum sulphate) as coagulant/ flocculant agents.

scholarly journals Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper E. Ovuoraye ◽  
Victor I. Ugonabo ◽  
Gina F. Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal

AbstractThis research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends of fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine the efficacy of BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing the standard nephelometric procedure at 1000 rpm stirring rate. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the interactions of pH, dosage, and settling time to maximize the turbidity removal efficiency of the ABC- and BFB-driven coag–flocculation. The optimal pH, dosage, and settling time for ABC were obtained as 10, 0.1 g/L, and 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 g/L, and settling time of 4 min were recorded for BFB following the established quadratic model of the RSM. The removal efficiency of ABC and BFB plots 80% and 88%, respectively; this corresponds to 262 NTU and 288 NTU of removal from the wastewater at optimal conditions. The kinetics result indicated that the rate constant (Kf) 3 × 10−3 (L/g min) of BFB surpassed 5 × 10−5 (L/g min) recorded for ABC following second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.999 and 0.9985, respectively. The research also applied cost–benefit analysis for the determination of the efficacy of BFB. The figure obtained shows that the benefit of using BFB will save $5.50 compared to ABC based on this work. At optimal conditions, BFB satisfied the environmental protection agency pH standard for industrial wastewater discharge, promising coagulant–flocculants aid for industrial wastewater purification purpose and the preservation of the environment.

Coagulation-adsorption of reactive orange from aqueous solution by freshly formed magnesium hydroxide: mixing time and mechanistic study

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1776-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhai Zhao ◽  
Huanhuan Shi ◽  
Meile Liu ◽  
Jingfang Lu ◽  
Wenpu Li
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Reactive Orange

The utilization of magnesium hydroxide was successfully carried out to remove reactive orange by coagulation-adsorption from aqueous solution. The coagulation-adsorption mechanisms and magnesium hydroxide-reactive orange floc property were analyzed through zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Flocculation Index was then discussed with controlled experiments using intelligent Particle Dispersion Analyzer (iPDA) and optimum rapid mixing time of 90 s was obtained for pH 12. The results of this study indicate that charge neutralization and adsorption are proposed to be the main coagulation mechanisms. The FT-IR spectra and SEM showed that reactive orange was adsorbed on the magnesium hydroxide surface during coagulation and adsorption. Freshly generated magnesium hydroxide can effectively remove reactive orange and the removal efficiency can reach 96.7% and 46.3% for coagulation and adsorption, respectively. Adsorption process accounts for 48% of the whole coagulation experiment. The removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing magnesium hydroxide formation time.

scholarly journals Co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater in sequencing batch reactor (SBR): effect of landfill leachate concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Ranjan ◽  
Shubhrasekhar Chakraborty ◽  
Mohini Verma ◽  
Jawed Iqbal ◽  
R. Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Mixed Liquor

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was assessed for direct co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater for chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients and turbidity removal. Nitrogen removal was achieved by sequential nitrification and denitrification under post-anoxic conditions. Initially, SBR operating conditions were optimized by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 20% (v/v) landfill leachate concentration, and results showed that 6 d HRT was suitable for co-treatment. SBR performance was assessed in terms of COD, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and turbidity removal efficiency. pH, mixed liquor suspended solids, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and sludge volume index were monitored to evaluate stability of SBR. MLVSS indicated that biomass was able to grow even at higher concentrations of old landfill leachate. Ammonia and nitrate removal efficiency was more than 93% and 83%, respectively, whereas COD reduction was in the range of 60–70%. Phosphate and turbidity removal efficiency was 80% and 83%, respectively. Microbial growth kinetic parameters indicated that there was no inhibition of biomass growth up to 20% landfill leachate. The results highlighted that SBR can be used as an initial step for direct co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater.

scholarly journals Treatment of Al Doura Oil Refinery Wastewater Turbidity using Magnetic Flocculation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muzher Al doury ◽  
Hadeel Al samerrai
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Oil Refinery Wastewater

The use of conventional flocculants such as Aluminum sulphate (Alum) alone to treat the wastewater may be insufficient to get the required turbidity, suspended solids removal as well as it requires relatively a long residence time. Magnetic flocculation is one of the used techniques for increase the efficiency of the turbidity removal. In the present study, three sets of experiments are carried out in order to investigate the possibility of increasing the suspended solid removal efficiency from Al Doura oil refinery wastewater using iron oxide (Fe3O4), Nickel (Ni), and Cobalt (Co) ferromagnetic powders with alum. The following operating conditions namely, pH, alum dose, ferromagnetic powder dose, and initial turbidity are studied. The results revealed that an improvement in turbidity removal efficiency is satisfied, as well as, a reasonable reduction in the sedimentation period is achieved. The highest turbidity removal is 99.88% that obtained for 122NTU sample for alum dose 120 mg/L+ Nickel dose of 80mg/L and pH of 6.5.

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