scholarly journals Perforated Acute Abdomen in a Immunossuppressed Patient due to Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Gomes de Souza ◽  
Livia Gabriélle Silva Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

scholarly journals Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Natrajan ◽  
Mahenderkumar Medisetty ◽  
Raviraj Gawali ◽  
Ajit Tambolkar ◽  
Divya Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Parasitic infections such as Strongyloides stercoralis and HIV have been reported to coexist, particularly in resource-limited settings such as India. In an immunocompromised host, S. stercoralis can progress to strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). However, SHS is not common in patients with advanced HIV disease. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can target multiple pathogens including S. stercoralis. The authors present here a 46-year-old HIV-infected female who was recently diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, started ART, and developed SHS. Her upper GI endoscopy revealed severe gastroduodenitis, and X-ray chest showed extensive bilateral pneumonitis. We could identify S. stercoralis in induced sputum and duodenal biopsy. We could also identify gut inflammation to restrict invading parasites. After receiving antihelminthic therapy, she showed improvement, a course of events that fit the diagnosis of unmasking S. stercoralis IRIS.

Pulmonary Hyperinfection Syndrome with Strongyloides stercoralis

CHEST Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Chu ◽  
Warren L. Whitlock ◽  
Robert A. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

scholarly journals Human infection withStrongyloides stercoralisand other related Strongyloides species

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS B. NUTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYThe majority of the 30–100 million people infected withStrongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted intestinal nematode, have subclinical (or asymptomatic) infections. These infections are commonly chronic and longstanding because of the autoinfective process associated with its unique life cycle. A change in immune status can increase parasite numbers, leading to hyperinfection syndrome, dissemination, and death if unrecognized. Corticosteroid use and HTLV-1 infection are most commonly associated with the hyperinfection syndrome.Strongyloidesadult parasites reside in the small intestine and induce immune responses both local and systemic that remain poorly characterized. Definitive diagnosis ofS. stercoralisinfection is based on stool examinations for larvae, but newer diagnostics – including new immunoassays and molecular tests – will assume primacy in the next few years. Although good treatment options exist for infection and control of this infection might be possible,S. stercoralisremains largely neglected.

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome in mantle cell lymphoma in post-transplant setting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kant Sahu ◽  
Kedar Mahagaokar ◽  
Bhavin Patel ◽  
Daniel Winokur ◽  
Sakiko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Strongyloidiasis and Cryptococcosis in an HIV-Infected Patient Starting Antiretroviral Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Rodríguez ◽  
Paúl Flores ◽  
Víctor Ahumada ◽  
Lorena Vázquez-Vázquez ◽  
Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

We report a case ofStrongyloides stercoralishyperinfection syndrome with central nervous system involvement, in a patient with late human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection starting antiretroviral therapy, in whomStrongyloides stercoralislarvae andCryptococcus neoformanswere isolated antemortem from cerebrospinal fluid. Our patient was not from an endemic region for the parasite, so strongyloidiasis was not originally suspected. For this reason, we conclude thatStrongyloides stercoralisinfection should be suspected in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in order to avoid potential fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Trazzi Rios ◽  
Matheus Cavalcante Franco ◽  
Bruno da Costa Martins ◽  
Elisa Ryoka Baba ◽  
Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
And Migration

SummaryStrongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease that may progress to a disseminated form, called hyperinfection syndrome, in patients with immunosuppression. The hyperinfection syndrome is caused by the wide multiplication and migration of infective larvae, with characteristic gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary involvement. This disease may pose a diagnostic challenge, as it presents with nonspecific findings on endoscopy.

scholarly journals Hyperinfection Syndrome with Strongyloides Stercoralis in Malignant Lymphoma

BMJ ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (5848) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adam ◽  
O. Morgan ◽  
C. Persaud ◽  
W. N. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

scholarly journals Ivermectin treatment for Strongyloides infection in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies ◽  
To Receive

Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent, is not recommended for prophylaxis or treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Inappropriate use of ivermectin for treatment of COVID-19 may make it less available for patients with serious parasitic infections who could benefit from its use and worsen the current shortage of ivermectin in Canada. However, patients with COVID-19 who are candidates to receive immunomodulatory therapies (e.g. corticosteroids and interleukin-6 inhibitors) may be at risk of hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease from Strongyloides stercoralis. These complications can be severe and even fatal. It is important to recognize and screen patients who may be at risk of strongyloidiasis, as these patients may require treatment with ivermectin to avoid the potential for a hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease, which is frequently deadly. Clinicians should follow evidence-based recommendations to screen and treat for Strongyloides infection in patients with COVID-19 who are under consideration to receive specific COVID-19 therapies that alter immune response and may lead to hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated disease.

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