scholarly journals The Glucosamine Controversy; A Pharmacokinetic Issue

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi ◽  
Fakhreddin Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rule Out

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring aminosugar that is widely used to treat osteoarthritis despite controversial clinical trial results. Animal studies, on the other hand, unequivocally suggest anti-inflammatory and disease modifying effects for GlcN. Many explanations have been offered as to the root of the controversy. They include superiority of a crystalline sulphate salt over HCl, industry bias, insensitive assessment metrics and poor methodology. Herein, we rule out a difference in bioequivalence between GlcN salts and that of chemically equivalent doses and suggest additional factors; i.e., inconsistency in the chemical potency of some products used, under-dosing of patients as well as variable and erratic bioavailability indices for the lack of GlcN efficacy observed in some studies. Clinical trials using higher doses of pharmaceutical grade GlcN or formulations with greater bioavailability should yield positive results. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

A Review of Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Trial Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Friedreich Ataxia ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Research Alliance

There are now 21 agents or classes of therapeutic agents in the Friedreich ataxia research pipeline (http://www.curefa.org/pipeline.html) that have been developed in the 15 years since the discovery of the frataxin gene, with the ongoing characterization of its mutations and the resulting molecular pathology. Twenty-four studies are currently posted on ClinicalTrials.gov. Twenty-seven works discussing the results of clinical trials in Friedreich ataxia have been published. In 2010, 42 public (National Institutes of Health) and private (Friedreich Ataxia Research Alliance, Muscular Dystrophy Association, and National Ataxia Foundation) grants were funded for translational and clinical research in Friedreich ataxia. Millions of dollars from public, private, and industry-based initiatives have been dedicated to research in Friedreich ataxia therapeutics. Despite this vigorous international effort, there is as yet no proven disease-modifying therapy for Friedreich ataxia.

In the land of pharma: A qualitative analysis of the reputational discourse of the pharmaceutical industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Van den Bogaert ◽  
Jana Declercq ◽  
Thierry Christiaens ◽  
Geert Jacobs ◽  
Piet Bracke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Alternative Discourse ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Reputation

The pharmaceutical industry has been battling a negative reputation and has been confronted with accusations such as putting profits before patients and manipulating clinical trial results. In this study, we focus on how pharmaceutical companies address what we define as the Bad Pharma discourse. Drawing on interviews, press releases, corporate documentation and ethnographic fieldwork, we analyse the main themes that are used by the Belgian pharmaceutical industry to construct its reputational discourse, and we focus on how this discourse is shaped by the Bad Pharma discourse. Our results illustrate that on the one hand, the industry contests the Bad Pharma discourse by generating an alternative discourse. On the other hand, they also partly embrace and reframe this Bad Pharma discourse. This way, current societal debates are entextualised in the reputational discourses of the pharmaceutical industry.

Overview of Cellular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Piceatannol

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Wanli Smith ◽  
Liang Yan ◽  
Lingbo Kong
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cardio Protection ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Neuro Protection ◽  
Positive Results

Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species. They share a common backbone structure known as stilbene. However, differences in the nature and position of substituents have made it possible to produce many derivatives. Piceatannol [PT], a hydroxylated derivative from resveratrol, exerts various biological activities ranging from cancer prevention, cardio- protection, neuro-protection, anti-diabetic, depigmentation and so on. Although positive results were obtained in most cell culture and animal studies, the relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms of cytokines and signaling pathway about their biological effects still unclear. Thus, in the current review, we focus on the latest findings of PT on cellular biology in order to better understand the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of PT among various diseases.

Ataluren: Clinical Trial Results in Nonsense Mutation Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (nmDMD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schara ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
K. Bushby ◽  
M. Tulinius ◽  
R. Finkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Clinical Trial Results

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

The effectiveness of waist-shaped and straight-shaped interdental brushes in cleaning implant overdenture attachments: a self-controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuwen Chen ◽  
Yanjun Ge ◽  
Jinyou Chai ◽  
Hailan Feng ◽  
Jianzhang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Line Angle ◽  
Implant Overdenture ◽  
Interdental Brush

Elderly patients often find it challenging to remove plaque accumulated on the attachments of implant overdentures (IOD) using conventional cleaning instruments. Further, excessive plaque accumulation can lead to peri-implant diseases and occasionally to respiratory diseases. Therefore, here, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of waist-shaped interdental brushes (WIB) with that of straight-shaped ones (SIB) in plaque removal from the locator attachments of IOD. Twenty participants with two locator attachments retaining mandibular IOD participated in this study. After the baseline cleaning, the participants refrained from oral hygiene maintenance for 3 days. A dentist cleaned one of the attachments using the WIB and the other attachment using the SIB. The pre- and post-cleaning modified plaque index (mPLI) scores were recorded. Following another 3 days free from oral hygiene maintenance, the trained participants repeated the same cleaning procedure using the WIB and SIB. Pre- and post-cleaning mPLI scores were recorded. Regardless of the type of brush used, the post-cleaning mPLI scores were lower than the pre-cleaning ones. After the cleaning procedure, the overall mean mPLI score was lower in the WIB group than in the SIB group. The post-cleaning mPLI scores at the line-angles and on the axial surfaces of the attachments were also lower in the WIB group than in the SIB group. There was no difference in the cleaning effectiveness between the dentist and participants when they used the same type of interdental brush. The WIB was significantly more efficient in plaque removal than the SIB, especially at the line-angle sites.

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