scholarly journals Applications of Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles in Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulations: Present and Future Considerations

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Almeida ◽  
Maria Helena Amaral ◽  
Paulo Lobão ◽  
Ana C Silva ◽  
José Manuel Sousa Loboa
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Gelling Properties ◽  
Ophthalmic Administration ◽  
Ocular Drugs ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Colloidal Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems

The unique properties and characteristics of ocular tissues and the whole set of defence mechanisms of the ocular globe make the instillation of ocular drugs into a difficult task with a low rate of therapeutic response. One of the challenges for the new generation of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations is to increase the bioavailability of drugs administered by the ocular route and, therefore, their therapeutic efficacy. This can be achieved with the use of some strategies that provide an increase in the formulation pre-corneal residence time, mucoadhesion and penetration across the eye tissues. Colloidal carrier systems have been very successfully used for the selective and targeted delivery of drugs for several routes of administration. In this context, nanoparticles prepared with specific polymers or lipids and coated, dispersed or suspended in polymer solutions with mucoadhesion properties or in situ gelling properties will be an excellent strategy that deserves attention and further research. In this review, the characteristics and main properties of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles are discussed and examples and advantages of the application of these colloidal carrier systems for the ophthalmic administration of drugs are presented. The future directions of the research required in this specific field are also presented.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Lipid Nanostructured Particles as Emerging Carriers for Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules: Applications in Food and Biomedical Sciences (An Overview)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Patricia MUNTEAN ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Mihai Adrian SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Carrier Systems

Lipid nanoparticles are getting a growing scientific and technological interest, worldwide. Either Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), Lipid Drug Conjugates (LDCs) or Polymer-Lipid Nanoparticles (PLNs) have been produced and investigated last years, being reccomended as emerging carrier systems for many food and biomedical applications. An overview of the last publications, mainly since 2017 is presented, underlying the most important methods and techniques used for their preparation (e.g. high shear homogenization in hot and cold conditions, ultrasound assisted melt emulsification) as well techniques applied for measuring the size, calorimetric properties, zeta-potential, etc. Most relevant data related to the use of food-grade ingredients and designed lipid nanoparticles as delivery systems for organic and inorganic bioactive molecules in food or packaging’s are presented. The major reason for this trend in food science is the aim to overcome problems associated with the low bioavailability of many lipophilic bioactive compounds which are claimed to bring benefits to human health (carotenoid or anthocyanin pigments, sterols, vitamins). Finally, the recent applications of different formulas of lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers for in vitro experiments or for in vivo therapy (oral, parenteral or transdermal formulas) are presented.

scholarly journals Case studies of enhanced pharmacodynamic activity of poorly oral bioavailable drugs via solid lipid nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
D Raju
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Colloidal Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) considered as an alternative vehicle for the enhanced oral absorption of drugs, and also to enhance therapeutic effectiveness after oral administration. Pharmacodynamic activity of drug is mainly describes the pharmacological and therapeutic activity of drug to the biological system. Lipid nanoparticles especially SLNs made of physiological inert lipid molecules and helps the lymphatic transport. Numerous literatures is available on the effect of SLNs and other colloidal carrier systems on the pharmacokinetic activity of poorly bioavailable drugs, to improve their oral absorption and also respective mechanisms for the improved oral bioavailability. However, very few literatures is reported on the pharmacodynamic activity and the effect of dose on the pharmacodynamic activity. Therefore, the current review is mainly dealing with the effect of SLNs on the pharmacodynamic activity discussed.   Keywords: Oral absorption, solid lipid nanoparticles, lymphatic transport, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics.

Lipid Nanoparticles and Active Natural Compounds: A Perfect Combination for Pharmaceutical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4681-4696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Puglia ◽  
Rosario Pignatello ◽  
Virginia Fuochi ◽  
Pio Maria Furneri ◽  
Maria Rosaria Lauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Colloidal Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Active Natural ◽  
Significant Health

Phytochemicals represent an important class of bioactive compounds characterized by significant health benefits. Notwithstanding these important features, their potential therapeutic properties suffer from poor water solubility and membrane permeability limiting their approach to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Lipid nanoparticles are well known carrier systems endowed with high biodegradation and an extraordinary biocompatible chemical nature, successfully used as platform for advanced delivery of many active compounds, including the oral, topical and systemic routes. This article is aimed at reviewing the last ten years of studies about the application of lipid nanoparticles in active natural compounds reporting examples and advantages of these colloidal carrier systems.

ChemInform Abstract: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Colloidal Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery

ChemInform ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Swathi ◽  
N. L. Prasanthi ◽  
S. S. Manikiran ◽  
N. Ramarao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Colloidal Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems

Biosurfactants as a Novel Additive in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Current Trends and Future Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 885-901
Author(s):  
Shubham Thakur ◽  
Amrinder Singh ◽  
Ritika Sharma ◽  
Rohan Aurora ◽  
Subheet Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
New Generation

Background: Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with conventional surfactants, a new generation of surface-active agents is obtained from the metabolites of fungi, yeast, and bacteria, which are termed as biosurfactants. Objectives: In this article, we critically analyze the different types of biosurfactants, their origin along with their chemical and physical properties, advantages, drawbacks, regulatory status, and detailed pharmaceutical applications. Methods: 243 papers were reviewed and included in this review. Results: Briefly, Biosurfactants are classified as glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, surfactin, lipopeptides & lipoproteins, lichenysin, fatty acids, phospholipids, and polymeric biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic biomolecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic ends and are used as drug delivery vehicles (foaming, solubilizer, detergent, and emulsifier) in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite additives, they have some biological activity as well (anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, P-gp inhibition, etc.). These biomolecules possess better safety profiles and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and specific at different temperatures. Conclusion: Biosurfactants exhibit good biomedicine and additive properties that can be used in developing novel drug delivery systems. However, more research should be driven due to the lack of comprehensive toxicity testing and high production cost which limits their use.

Recent Advances of Silver Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Q. Huy ◽  
Pham T.M. Huyen ◽  
Anh-Tuan Le ◽  
Matteo Tonezzer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Material ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Carrier Systems

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known as a promising antimicrobial material; they have been widely used in many commercial products against pathogenic agents. Despite a growing concern regarding the cytotoxicity, AgNPs still have attracted considerable interest worldwide to develop a new generation of diagnostic tool and effective treatment solution for cancer cells. Objective: This paper aims to review the advances of AgNPs applied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The database has been collected, screened and analysed through up-to-date scientific articles published from 2007 to May 2019 in peer-reviewed international journals. Results: The findings of the database have been analysed and divided into three parts of the text that deal with AgNPs in cancer diagnosis, their cytotoxicity, and the role as carrier systems for cancer treatment. Thanks to their optical properties, high conductivity and small size, AgNPs have been demonstrated to play an essential role in enhancing signals and sensitivity in various biosensing platforms. Furthermore, AgNPs also can be used directly or developed as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Conclusion: The review paper will help readers understand more clearly and systematically the role and advances of AgNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Engineered ionizable lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics into different types of cells in the liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabf4398
Author(s):  
M. Kim ◽  
M. Jeong ◽  
S. Hur ◽  
Y. Cho ◽  
J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Selective Delivery

Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely used for in vivo delivery of RNA therapeutics into the liver. However, a main challenge remains to develop LNP formulations for selective delivery of RNA into certain types of liver cells, such as hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Here, we report the engineered LNPs for the targeted delivery of RNA into hepatocytes and LSECs. The effects of particle size and polyethylene glycol–lipid content in the LNPs were evaluated for the hepatocyte-specific delivery of mRNA by ApoE-mediated cellular uptake through low-density lipoprotein receptors. Targeted delivery of RNA to LSECs was further investigated using active ligands. Incorporation of mannose allowed the selective delivery of RNA to LSECs, while minimizing the unwanted cellular uptake by hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that engineered LNPs have great potential for the cell type–specific delivery of RNA into the liver and other tissues.

scholarly journals Drug Repurposing in the COVID-19 Era: Insights from Case Studies Showing Pharmaceutical Peculiarities

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Milo Gatti ◽  
Fabrizio De De Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

COVID-19 may lead to severe respiratory distress syndrome and high risk of death in some patients. So far (January 2021), only the antiviral remdesivir has been approved, although no significant benefits in terms of mortality and clinical improvement were recently reported. In a setting where effective and safe treatments for COVID-19 are urgently needed, drug repurposing may take advantage of the fact that the safety profile of an agent is already well known and allows rapid investigation of the efficacy of potential treatments, at lower costs and with reduced risk of failure. Furthermore, novel pharmaceutical formulations of older agents (e.g., aerosolized administration of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, heparin, pirfenidone) have been tested in order to increase pulmonary delivery and/or antiviral effects of potentially active drugs, thus overcoming pharmacokinetic issues. In our review, we will highlight the importance of the drug repurposing strategy in the context of COVID-19, including regulatory and ethical aspects, with a specific focus on novel pharmaceutical formulations and routes of administration.

scholarly journals The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Lipid Structure in Targeted Gene Delivery to Lymph Nodes by Lipid Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Zukancic ◽  
Estelle J. A. Suys ◽  
Emily H. Pilkington ◽  
Azizah Algarni ◽  
Hareth Al-Wassiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Targeted delivery of nucleic acids to lymph nodes is critical for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. However, it remains challenging to achieve selective lymph node delivery. Current gene delivery systems target mainly to the liver and typically exhibit off-target transfection at various tissues. Here we report novel lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that can deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) to a draining lymph node, thereby significantly enhancing transfection at this target organ, and substantially reducing gene expression at the intramuscular injection site (muscle). In particular, we discovered that LNPs stabilized by 3% Tween 20, a surfactant with a branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain linking to a short lipid tail, achieved highly specific transfection at the lymph node. This was in contrast to conventional LNPs stabilized with a linear PEG chain and two saturated lipid tails (PEG-DSPE) that predominately transfected at the injection site (muscle). Interestingly, replacing Tween 20 with Tween 80, which has a longer unsaturated lipid tail, led to a much lower transfection efficiency. Our work demonstrates the importance of PEGylation in selective organ targeting of nanoparticles, provides new insights into the structure–property relationship of LNPs, and offers a novel, simple, and practical PEGylation technology to prepare the next generation of safe and effective vaccines against viruses or tumours.

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