scholarly journals Norepinephrine Transporter is Involved in Down-Regulation of β1-Adrenergic Receptors Caused by Adjuvant Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Clements ◽  
Fakhreddin Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adjuvant Arthritis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Heart Homogenate ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coa Reductase

Purpose. Inflammation in forms of rheumatoid and experimental arthritis cause not only joint pain but also excessive cardiovascular mortality. The condition also reduces response to calcium channel and β-adrenergic (β1-AR) antagonists. For calcium channel inhibitors, the reduced response is shown to be due to the reduced expression of target proteins. Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) restore response to propranolol and verapamil. We tested the effect of adjuvant arthritis on the norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) density since altered sympathetic nervous system innervation has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: Healthy/Placebo, Healthy/Statin, Pre-AA/Placebo, and Pre-AA/Statin (n=7-8/group). On Day 0, to the Pre-AA and Healthy groups, was injected Mycobacterium butyricum or saline, respectively. On Days 4-8, Statin and Placebo groups received either pravastatin (6 mg/kg) or placebo twice daily, respectively. On day 8, heart and blood samples were collected. The density of NET and 1-AR in heart homogenate; NE in plasma and heart and inflammatory mediators (nitrite and interferon-γ) in serum were determined. Results. Inflammation was associated with a significant reduction in both β1-AR and NET density with a positive correlation between the two proteins (r=0.978, p

The Natural Products as Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa Reductase Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137
Author(s):  
Hayrettin Ozan Gulcan ◽  
Serkan Yigitkan ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coa Reductase ◽  
Alternative Drugs

High cholesterol and triglyceride levels are mainly related to further generation of lifethreating metabolism disorders including cardiovascular system diseases. Therefore, hypercholesterolemia (i.e., also referred to as hyperlipoproteinemia) is a serious disease state, which must be controlled. Currently, the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is mainly achieved through the employment of statins in the clinic, although there are alternative drugs (e.g., ezetimibe, cholestyramine). In fact, the original statins are natural products directly obtained from fungi-like molds and mushrooms and they are potent inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. This review focuses on the first identification of natural statins, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogues, and the validation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase as a target in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, other natural products that have been shown to possess the potential to inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase are also reviewed with respect to their chemical structures.

Interferon-γ Aggravated L-Arginine–Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Its Possible Mechanism

Pancreas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Guo ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Xianbao Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Arterial lesions in dopamine-infused rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
P. J. Bugelski ◽  
C. Walsh Vockley ◽  
J. Sowinski ◽  
E. Arena ◽  
D. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Agonist Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Medial Necrosis

Dopamine is administered by intravenous infusion to maintain renal blood flow in patients with shock and congestive heart failure. This effect is probably due to dopamine receptors present in the renal vasculature. Dopamine also has agonist activity at α-adrenergic receptors which can evoke vasoconstriction. Alpha-adrenergic agonists produce medial necrosis in various arterial beds of the rat, including those in which dopamine exerts a vasodilator effect. To determine the effects on these arteries, we administered dopamine to rats by intravenous infusion and examined their gastric and renal arteries by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Sprague Dawley rats were infused via tail vein with 20 μg/kg/min of dopamine HCl. For transmission EM (TEM), rats infused with dopamine for 1, 4 or 24 hours were perfused with 1% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% OsO4, stained en bloc with uranyl magnesium acetate, dehydrated and embedded in epoxy.

scholarly journals Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the treatment of sepsis in adults—Authors’ reply

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
B. Pertzov ◽  
N. Eliakim-Raz ◽  
H. Atamna ◽  
A.Z. Trestioreanu ◽  
D. Yahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coa Reductase

Manipulation of the induction of adjuvant arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Cai ◽  
Y. F. Wong ◽  
H. Zhou ◽  
Z. Q. Liu ◽  
Y. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Arthritis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats
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