scholarly journals “No-Body’s Watch”: Nineteenth-Century Capitalism, Temporality, and the Figure of the Loafer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hoepker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This article outlines the rather obscure ascent and fall of the loafer as a cultural figure. Beginning with the emergence of the term and its ambivalent semantics of idleness, I will sketch its subsequent racialization and regionalization, as it was appropriated by abolitionist writers who associated with whiteness, poverty, and southern masculinity. The significance of the term lies in the way it combines criticisms of capitalism and racism in a figure of idleness. A figure of idleness, both in its romanticized and disparaging connotations, the loafer alerts us to the fact that US nineteenth-century temporality is closely and inseparably entangled in the history of capitalism and slavery.

Is God Really in History?

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Frederick Sontag
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

For some time it seemed as if Christianity itself required us to say that ‘God is in history’. Of course, even to speak of ‘history’ is to reveal a bias for eighteenth- and nineteenth-century forms of thought. But the justification for talking about the Christian God in this way is the doctrine of the incarnation. The centre of the Christian claim is that Jesus is God's representation in history, although we need not go all the way to a full trinitarian interpretation of the relationship between God and Jesus. Thus, the issue is not so much whether God can appear or has appeared within, or entered into, human life as it is a question of what categories we use to represent this. To what degree is God related to the sphere of human events? Whatever our answer, we need periodically to re-examine the way we speak about God to be sure the forms we use have not become misleading.

The influence of scientific knowledge on mollusk and arthropod illustration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sendino
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Original Form ◽  
General Shape ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT Our attraction to fossils is almost as old as humans themselves, and the way fossils are represented has changed and evolved with technology and with our knowledge of these organisms. Invertebrates were the first fossils to be represented in books and illustrated according to their original form. The first worldwide illustrations of paleoinvertebrates by recognized authors, such as Christophorus Encelius and Conrad Gessner, considered only their general shape. Over time, paleoillustrations became more accurate and showed the position of organisms when they were alive and as they had appeared when found. Encyclopedic works such as those of the Sowerbys or Joachim Barrande have left an important legacy on fossil invertebrates, summarizing the knowledge of their time. Currently, new discoveries, techniques, and comparison with extant specimens are changing the way in which the same organisms are shown in life position, with previously overlooked taxonomically important elements being displayed using modern techniques. This chapter will cover the history of illustrations, unpublished nineteenth-century author illustrations, examples showing fossil reconstructions, new techniques and their influence on taxonomical work with regard to illustration, and the evolution of paleoinvertebrate illustration.

scholarly journals Itinerant Jewish and Arabic Trading in the Dene’s North, 1916-1930

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Colpitts
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Canadian North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In late nineteenth century and especially in the interwar years, “free traders” took advantage of better transport systems to expand trade with Dene people in the Athabasca and Mackenzie Districts. Well versed in fur grading and supported by credit in the expanding industrializing fur industry in the south, “itinerant” peddlers worked independently and often controversially alongside larger capitalized fur companies such as the Hudson’s Bay Company. A large number of these newcomers were Jews. This article suggests that Jews and, to a lesser extent, Lebanese and other Arabic traders became critical in the modernization of the Canadian North. They helped create an itinerant trader-Dene “contact zone” where the mixed meaning of credit, cash, and goods transactions provided northern Aboriginal trappers the means to negotiate modernism on their own terms in the interwar years. However, by the late 1920s, the state, encouraged by larger capitalized companies, implemented policies to restrict and finally close down this contact zone. The history of itinerant trading, then, raises questions about the long-term history of capitalism and co-related economic neo-colonialism in the Canadian north and their impact on First Nations.

History and Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 483-500
Author(s):  
David Paroissien
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter questions the view that Dickens took little interest in history and remained ignorant of the challenge of writing about the past. Following John Forster’s dismissal of A Child’s History of England as ‘that little book’, which ‘cannot be said to have quite hit the mark’, A Child’s History, Barnaby Rudge, and A Tale of Two Cities have received often unsympathetic treatment, particularly with respect to the way the past is used in his two historical novels. Read within the context of ideas about history advocated by Carlyle and Macaulay in the 1830s, this chapter contends that fresh light can be shed on Dickens’s awareness of historiography and on his familiarity with an invigorated approach to the discipline advocated by the two most prominent historians of the first half of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals “The Sixth Sense”: Towards a History of Muscular Sensation

Gesnerus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-271
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

This paper outlines the history of knowledge about the muscular sense and provides a bibliographic resource for further research. A range of different topics, questions and approaches have interrelated throughout this history, and the discussion clarifies this rather than presenting detailed research in any one area. P art I relates the origin of belief in a muscular sense to empiricist accounts of the contribution of the senses to knowledge from Locke, via the idéologues and other authors, to the second half of the nineteenth century. Analysis paid much attention to touch, first in the context of the theory of vision and then in its own right, which led to naming a distinct muscular sense. From 1800 to the present, there was much debate, the main lines of which this paper introduces, about the nature and function of what turned out to be a complex sense. A number of influential psycho-physiologists, notably Alexander Bain and Herbert Spencer, thought this sense the most primitive and primary of all, the origin of knowledge of world, causation and self as an active subject. Part II relates accounts of the muscular sense to the development of nervous physiology and of psychology. In the decades before 1900, t he developing separation of philosophy, psychology and physiology as specialised disciplines divided up questions which earlier writers had discussed under the umbrella heading of muscular sensation. The term ‘kinaesthesia’ came in 1880 and ‘proprio-ception’ in 1906. There was, all the same, a lasting interest in the argument that touch and muscular sensation are intrinsic to the existence of embodied being in the way the other senses are not. In the wider culture – the arts, sport, the psychophysiology of labour and so on – there were many ways in which people expressed appreciation of the importance of what the anatomist Charles Bell had called ‘the sixth sense’.

scholarly journals Seeing the History of the Earth in the Cliffs at Møn: The Interaction between Landscape Painting and Geology in Denmark in the First Half of the 19th Century

Romantik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Advances ◽  
The Way

During the first part of the nineteenth century, geologists developed a history of the earth so different from that accepted in previous centuries that it encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between man and nature. In this article I will argue that painters followed these changes closely and that some of them let the narratives and images of geology inform the way they depicted nature. In arguing my point, I will focus on images and descriptions of the chalk cliffs on the Danish island of Møn by both geologists and painters. I will follow the scientific advances in geology by referring to the texts and images of Søren Abildgaard, Henrich Steffens, Johan Georg Forchhammer, and Christopher Puggaard, and discuss how their changing theories correspond with paintings of the cliffs by four artists: Christopher Wilhelm Eckersberg, Frederik Sødring, Louis Gurlitt, and Peter Christian Skovgaard.

scholarly journals The Moor’s Political Colour: Race and Othello in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (37) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalcze-Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Adaptations ◽  
The Way

This paper provides a brief outline of the reception history of Othello in Poland, focusing on the way the character of the Moor of Venice is constructed on the page, in the first-published nineteenth-century translation by Józef Paszkowski, and on the stage, in two twentieth-century theatrical adaptations that provide contrasting images of Othello: 1981/1984 televised Othello, dir. Andrzej Chrzanowski and the 2011 production of African Tales Based on Shakespeare, in which Othello’s part is played by Adam Ferency (dir. Krzysztof Warlikowski). The paper details the political and social contexts of each of these stage adaptations, as both of them employ brownface and blackface to visualise Othello’s “political colour.” The function of blackface and brownface is radically different in these two productions: in the 1981/1984 Othello brownface works to underline Othello’s overall sense of alienation, while strengthening the existing stereotypes surrounding black as a skin colour, while the 2011 staging makes the use of blackface as an artificial trick of the actor’s trade, potentially unmasking the constructedness of racial prejudices, while confronting the audience with their own pernicious racial stereotypes.

6 The Legal Nature of the International Bond Market

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamford Colin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The chapter explains the history of the international bond market, from its origins in the nineteenth century issues of loan stock, through the development of the Eurodollar market after World War II and the adoption of bonds as a way for corporate borrowers to access that market. It then discusses the evolution of the documentation used, paying particular attention to the concept of negotiability, which facilitated the ready transfer of bonds. It goes on to consider the idea of immobilization and the growth of securities clearing organisations. In this context, it considers recent developments in Europe, brought about by the requirements of the ECB. The chapter then turns to an analysis of the legal relationships created by the structure of bonds and the way they are traded, and ends with a discussion of the move to the dematerialization of the market.

Frege and the Surprising History of Logic: Introduction to Claude Imbert, “Gottlob Frege, One More Time”

Hypatia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Emily Grosholz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gottlob Frege ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Logic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Way

Convinced that logic has a history and that its history always manages to surprise the philosophers, Claude Imbert has devoted much of her work to the study of the Stoic school and of the late-nineteenth-century German logician Gottlob Frege. In the fifth chapter of her book Pour une histoire de la logique, she examines the trajectory of Frege's awareness of what his new logic entails, in particular the way it subverts the project of Kant.

scholarly journals ‘from education, from duty, and from principle’: Irish Catholic loyalty in context, 1829-1874

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-450
Author(s):  
Richard A. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Papal Infallibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
British State ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

The passage of the Emancipation Act in 1829 presented an opportunity for Catholics to reimagine their loyalty as equal subjects for the first time under the union between Great Britain and Ireland. This article explores the way Catholic loyalty was conceived in the decades that followed the act of 1829 through to the mid 1870s, when there was renewed focus on the civil allegiance of Catholics following the declaration of Papal infallibility. Historians are increasingly exploring a range of social, political and religious identities in nineteenth century Ireland, beyond the rigid binary paradigm of Catholic nationalisms and Protestant loyalisms that has dominated Irish historiography. However, Catholic loyalty in particular remains an anachronism and lacks sufficient conceptual clarity. Our understanding of a specifically Catholic variant of loyalty and its public and associational expression, beyond a number of biographical studies of relatively unique individuals, remains limited. By providing an exposition of episodes in the history of Catholic loyalty in the early and mid-Victorian years this article illuminates the phenomenon. It demonstrates that Irish Catholic loyalty took on different expressive forms, which were dependent on the individuals proclaiming their loyalty, their relationship to the objects of their loyalty, and its reception by the British state and Protestant establishment.

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