Express Methods and Procedures for Determination of the Main Egg Quality Indicators

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Jakhfer Alikhanov ◽  
Aidar Moldazhanov ◽  
Akmaral Kulmakhambetova ◽  
Zhandos Shynybay ◽  
Stanislav M. Penchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Express Methods

The article considers the methods, procedures and results of experimental studies of the main egg quality indicators. The offered express methods and the automated installation provide definition of the weight, the form and density of egg. Based on the results of experimental studies of egg parameters, the express method of determining the volume of the egg through the area of the longitudinal section and the small diameter of the egg is substantiated. The express method for density determination by direct mass measurement and volume calculation gives minimal absolute error and provides a six time increase in performance, compared to the direct method.

Technical Study of Laminated Template Electroforming in Fabrication of Metal Parts

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Hui Fan ◽  
Yang Pei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Spray Distance ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Precise Locality ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Equipment Configuration

Laminated templates electroforming (LTE) is one kind of metal-parts directly forming technologies which are based on discrete/accumulation theory. This paper introduces the forming principle, equipment configuration and experimental studies. By using templates as auxiliary tool and jet electroforming as filling method, the current density of electroforming was significantly improved and a group of copper parts in specific shape were fabricated. Experimental results show that on-load voltage, nozzle diameter, spray distance, spray flow velocity have direct influence on processing speed and locality. A small diameter of nozzle and short spray distance helps to achieve a precise locality and good dimensional accuracy, after process parameters have been optimized.

scholarly journals Oocyte and egg quality indicators in European eel: Lipid droplet coalescence and fatty acid composition

Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa F.G. da Silva ◽  
Charlotte Jacobsen ◽  
Elin Kjørsvik ◽  
Josianne G. Støttrup ◽  
Jonna Tomkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Droplet Coalescence

Experimental Substantiation of a Method of Improving the Efficiency of Ultrasonic Drilling of Small Diameter Holes

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
G.K. Muldasheva ◽  
I.V. Zlobina ◽  
N.V. Bekrenev
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Ultrasound Indentation ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling

Based on the analysis of trends in the development of aviation and rocketry and ground transportation, the prospect of use of high-alloy steels, and titanium-based alloys with high strength, heat-and corrosion-resistant properties is established. It is shown, that high strength and elasticity of mentioned alloy groups adversely affect the dynamics of cutting process and the resistance of the cutting tool. Processing of small diameter holes is especially difficult due to the small longitudinal stability of the instrument, chip evacuation problems, grooves sticking to the surface almost zero cutting speed near the core. The results from the analysis of works of domestic and foreign scientists have shown that the message sent to the drill by ultrasonic vibrations of the small amplitude reduces axial force and cutting moment due to reduced friction caused by local thermal effects and relief of dislocation motion. At the same time, it is stated that the stable results of the effectiveness of ultrasound were not received in relation to the small diameter end tools until recently because of additional dynamic loads reducing the longitudinal stability and therefore it is impossible to report the instrument optimal oscillation amplitude to facilitate cutting. The working hypothesis of increase of efficiency of the ultrasonic drilling of small diameter holes proposes to consider correlation frequency supplied to the ultrasonic instrument, structural parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the material and to drive oscillations in the plane of the main cutting edges which would significantly reduce the magnitude of the oscillation amplitude. Experimental studies on ultrasound indentation, micro cutting and drilling titanium alloys have confirmed this hypothesis. It was established that at the moment the drill receives a message with the oscillation frequency of 30 kHz when machining titanium alloys, the axial cutting forces decrease by 70 – 80 % and the tool life increases by 2.2 times.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Quality by Design approach for developing the composition and the manufacturing technology of an injectable drug for intra-articular introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
O. Saliy ◽  
O. Los ◽  
T. Palchevska ◽  
K. Nebylytsia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality By Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Number System ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Injectable Drug

Aim. To implement the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in order to develop the composition and the manufacturing technology of injectable hyaluronate sodium (HS) in combination with chondroitin sulfate (CS) for intra-articularintroduction. Materials and methods. The composition of the solution for injection was developed using samples of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of HS and CS. The approaches of the ICH international guidelines were used to create the QbD protocol. The quality target product profile (QTPP) was developed based on the literature review, analysis of similar drugs and the previous in-house experimental studies. Determination of critical quality assessment (CQA) product indicators was performed by risk analysis for all quality indicators listed in QTPP. The risk assessment of quality indicators was performed by assessing them according to the Risk Priority Number system (hereinafter – RPN) by a 9-point scale. When studying the composition and the manufacturing technology of the injectable solution the quality risk management (QRM) was developed according to the Ishikawa diagram. Results and discussion. It has been found that the QbD concept is a systematic approach to the drug development. At the first stage QTPP was developed. Based on the QTPP data the CQA indicators were determined, and quality risks were assessed. The critical process parameters (CPP) of the solution for injection based on HS and CS, their control methods, as well as the critical material attributes (CMA) were determined. Based on the data obtained the drug control strategy was proposed taking into account the need to minimize the repetition of control experiments. Using the Isikawa diagram the variability of the material and the process with the environmental factors affecting the qualityof the solution for injection with HS and CS was shown.Conclusions. Using the basic QbD approaches when developing the composition and the manufacturing technology of an injectable drug for intra-articular introduction it has been found that the route of administration, dose, potency, and consumer properties of the product are important aspects of QTPP. It has been proven that the quality indicators, such as transparency, viscosity, sterility and the quantitative content of API are determined as CQA to achieve the objectives defined in QTPP. The study shows that almost all stages of production are critical, therefore, they need to be constantly monitored and checked to obtain a quality product. In further experimental studies to confirm the composition developed and the manufacturing technology according to QRM it is necessary to focus on such indicators as the solution temperature, stabilization time, degassing mode and filtration conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of the drying regime on the quality indicators of dry mare’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022099
Author(s):  
S Yu Smolentsev ◽  
L M Sufyanova ◽  
A S Makarov ◽  
N Yu Garafutdinova ◽  
O I Shorkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Milk Pasteurization ◽  
Drying Regime ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The data on the influence of the temperature regime of the spray drying process on the quality parameters of dry mare’s milk are given. The results of experimental studies on the selection of the optimal drying mode for maximum preservation of the quality indicators of the final product are presented. It was revealed that the optimum temperature during the drying process of mare’s milk is the temperature at the entrance to the dryer t = 180°C, at the exit t = 70-80°C. The study of qualitative indicators with this drying mode showed that the particle size (more than 68%) was 117-140 microns, the solubility index was 0.18 ml of insoluble sediment in 50 ml of reconstituted mare’s milk, the moisture in dry mare’s milk was 3.8% (at t = 180°C), which met all the requirements of the standard. In addition, it was found that the correct heat treatment of mare’s milk before drying also affects the quality indicators of the dry product. The most optimal temperature for milk pasteurization is a temperature of no more than 60°C.

Experimental Studies for Small Diameter Grafts in an In Vivo Sheep Model—Techniques and Pitfalls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Eghbalzadeh ◽  
Maria Guschlbauer ◽  
Carolyn Weber ◽  
Max Wacker ◽  
Stefanie Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Prosthetic Material ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background Scientific attempts to create the “ideal” small diameter vascular graft have been compared with the “search of the holy grail.” Prosthetic material as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene or Dacron shows acceptable patency rates to large caliber vessels, while small diameter (< 6 mm) prosthetic conduits present unacceptably poor patency rates. Vascular tissue engineering represents a promising option to address this problem. Material and Methods Thirty-two female Texel-sheep aged 6 months to 2 years underwent surgical common carotid artery (CCA) interposition using different tissue-engineered vascular substitutes. Explantation of the grafts was performed 12 (n = 12) and 36 (n = 20) weeks after surgery. Ultrasound was performed on postoperative day 1 and thereafter every 4 weeks to evaluate the graft patency. Results The average length of implanted substitutes was 10.3 ± 2.2 cm. Anesthesia and surgical procedure could be performed without major surgical complications in all cases.The grafts showed a systolic blood flow velocity (BFV) of 28.24 ± 13.5 cm/s, a diastolic BFV of 9.25 ± 4.53 cm/s, and a mean BFV of 17.85 ± 9.25 cm/s. Native vessels did not differ relevantly in hemodynamic measurements (systolic: 29.77 cm/s; diastolic: 7.99 cm/s ±  5.35; mean 15.87 ± 10.75). There was no incidence of neurologic complications or subsequent postoperative occlusion. Perioperative morbidity was low and implantation of conduits was generally well tolerated. Conclusion This article aims to give a precise overview of in vivo experiments in sheep for the evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts performing CCA interposition, especially with regard to pitfalls and possible perioperative complications and to discuss advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

scholarly journals Neural Network Algorithm for Stabilizing Mechanized Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Elena G. Shmakova ◽  
Olga A. Filoretova ◽  
Olga M. Nikolaeva ◽  
Denis P. Vasilkin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Hopfield Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Rolling System ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Mechanized System

The article describes an experimental model of stabilization of a mechanized system. The following are shown: a skate; an element of the program code; an algorithm for stabilizing a proportional-integral-differential controller (PID). The experimental model uses the calculation and adjustment of the regulator according to the Ziegler-Nichols method. For the case of applying the neural network approach to the search for equilibrium, the Hopfield neural network is used. The technology of calculating the balancing of the values of the coefficients: proportional, integral, differential components are described. The design of the rolling system is described. The experimental model is designed to identify the balancing range of the rolling system of small-diameter balls. The experimental module balances the ball at a distance of 4.5 to 7 cm (SW-range). The shortcomings of the experimental model of stabilization of the mechanized system are revealed. The analysis of experimental studies of spacecraft stabilization is carried out. It is determined that it is advisable to use the mathematical tools of the sixth-order Butterworth polynomial in the training of a neural network. Complex neural network calculations make it possible to calculate the stabilization coefficients of the spacecraft when the coordinate system does not coincide with the axes of inertia. An overview of the authors ' research on the use of intelligent quality control systems for the production of medicines is given. An overview of neural network solutions for stabilizing the turning angle of high-speed cars is given. The expediency of selecting the stabilization coefficients of a proportional-integral-differential regulator by a trained neural network for various rolling ranges is proved.

Axial Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids in Narrow Eccentric Annuli

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Eccentric Annuli

Abstract The analysis of laminar flow of power-law non- Newtonian fluids in narrow, eccentric annuli is employed in this paper to discuss the problems of lubricant flow in journal bearings and of errors introduced by eccentricity in experimental studies with concentric annuli on extruders and wellbore annuli. The velocity profile and pressure loss-flow rate equations are developed for the laminar flow region. In addition, the expected error in flow rate and pressure-loss measurements for concentric annuli as a result of eccentricity is determined. For example, a 10 per cent displacement of the core of an almost concentric annulus would cause a 1.8 per cent decrease in the observed pressure loss for a fluid with a power-law exponent n of 0.25. The corresponding increase in the observed volumetric flow rate would be 7.5 per cent. Introduction Non-Newtonianism and eccentricity occur simultaneously in two engineering problems:flow of lubricants in journal-bearings and pressure-reducing bushings, andflow of non-Newtonian fluids in plastic extruders and wellbore annuli. The lubricants used for moving parts are often non-Newtonian in character - often they are plastic in behavior. A solution to the problem of flow of non-Newtonian fluids in narrow eccentric annuli is particularly pertinent to this problem. In all experimental studies of laminar flow of fluids in concentric annuli, such as in extruders and well casings, the error due to eccentricity must be estimated or studied. A number of publications have dealt with this problem for Newtonian fluids; however, I am not aware of work for non-Newtonian fluids. This work is directed to the non-Newtonian problem. Before the solution to the problem is given, the pertinent conclusions from the work on Newtonian fluids will be reviewed. Heyda and Redberger and Charles have published general solutions to the problem of the laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in eccentric annuli, apparently without knowing of the earlier work of Caldwell and Bairstow and Berry, which is reported by Dryden, et al. Although several mathematical routes are encompassed by the work of these authors, the results appear to be equivalent. Redberger and Charles show that the error caused by eccentricity in concentric annuli is negligible for small diameter ratios (K less than 0.5); however, for large diameter ratios (K - 1), the error in the predicted flow rate can be as great as 100 per cent or more. Partial solutions to the problem are available from the work of Dryden, Tao and Donovan and Piercy, et al. Tao and Donovan examined the case of flow in narrow, eccentric annuli (K - 1) with and without rotation of the annular core. These authors also reviewed previous work on this subject and verified their approach with experimental data. Dryden gives the solution for the limiting case of complete eccentricity or tangency. Piercy, et al. published an early solution to the problem of narrow eccentric annular flow. The conclusions of Redberger and Charles and the experimental proof of Tao and Donovans both suggest that the region of large diameter ratios (K - 1) is of main interest and that the parallel planes approximation to the solution in this region is satisfactory. This method will now be extended to the laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in narrow eccentric annuli. THEORETICAL SOLUTION The geometrical aspects of the problem are illustrated in Fig. 1. To represent the non-Newtonian fluid the power-law model was selected. (1) This model has many disadvantages which have been pointed out; nevertheless, As simplicity, its frequent and wide applicability justify its use in this work. Fredrickson and Birds and Savins have used it as a basis for a theoretical study of laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in concentric annuli. SPEJ P. 277ˆ

Two Phase Flow: Accounting for the Presence of Liquids in Gas Pipeline Design

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Asante
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Operating Data

Multiphase flow of gas and low loads of liquids occurs frequently in natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines for both onshore and offshore operations. Literature and experimental investigations indicate that dispersed droplet and stratified flow patterns are obtained when gas and small quantities of liquids flow concurrently in a pipe. Very few correlations exist for the prediction of holdup and pressure drop for these systems and fewer still give satisfactory results. Experimental studies for air-oil and airwater systems flowing through small diameter plastic and steel horizontal pipes ranging in size from 1-inch to 3-inches were performed. The experiments were carried out at the multiphase flow laboratories of Imperial College in London and the University of Calgary in Canada. Data from actual operating gas pipeline systems transporting small amounts of hydrocarbon liquids were also evaluated. Based on the experimental results and the operating data, two approaches for modeling these systems are proposed: 1) A homogeneous approach for very low liquid loads (holdups up to 0.005), typical in gas transmission systems. A friction factor correlation based on the holdup has been developed for this flow regime. 2) A mechanistic stratified two-phase approach for higher liquid loads (holdups greater than 0.005) usually found in gas gathering systems with consideration given to: a) The reduction in the available flow area and extent of wetting of the pipe perimeter by the liquid film. The gas/liquid interface was observed to be either flat or curved. b) The interfacial friction factor between the liquid film and the gas. A new correlation based on the liquid and gas Reynolds numbers as well as the film thickens and hold up has been developed. This correlation has been successfully tested against both experimental and actual pipeline operating data.

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