scholarly journals Impact of Resource Conserving Technologies (RCT) on soil physical properties and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield in irrigated agriculture areas of the South-Eastern Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Naziya Suleimenova ◽  
Baglan Makhamedova ◽  
Gulnar Orynbasarova ◽  
Dastan Kalykov ◽  
Zhainagul Yertayeva
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
The South ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

scholarly journals Impact of Echinococcosis on Quality of Sheep Meat in the South Eastern Kazakhstan

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Valieva ◽  
N. Sarsembaeva ◽  
A. Valdovska ◽  
A. E. Ussenbayev
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Re-evaluating sowing time of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) in south-eastern Australia—how early is too early?

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
J. M. Lilley ◽  
R. D. Brill ◽  
S. J. Sprague ◽  
N. A. Fettell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Optimising the sowing date of canola (Brassica napus L.) in specific environments is an important determinant of yield worldwide. In eastern Australia, late April to early May has traditionally been considered the optimum sowing window for spring canola, with significant reduction in yield and oil in later sown crops. Recent and projected changes in climate, new vigorous hybrids, and improved fallow management and seeding equipment have stimulated a re-evaluation of early-April sowing to capture physiological advantages of greater biomass production and earlier flowering under contemporary conditions. Early–mid-April sowing generated the highest or equal highest yield and oil content in eight of nine field experiments conducted from 2002 to 2012 in south-eastern Australia. Declines in seed yield (–6.0% to –6.5%), oil content (–0.5% to –1.5%) and water-use efficiency (–3.8% to –5.5%) per week delay in sowing after early April reflected levels reported in previous studies with sowings from late April. Interactions with cultivar phenology were evident at some sites depending on seasonal conditions. There was no consistent difference in performance between hybrid and non-hybrid cultivars at the earliest sowing dates. Despite low temperatures thought to damage early pods at some sites (<−2°C), frost damage did not significantly compromise the yield of the early-sown crops, presumably because of greater impact of heat and water-stress in the later sown crops. A validated APSIM-Canola simulation study using 50 years of weather data at selected sites predicted highest potential yields from early-April sowing. However, the application of a frost-heat sensitivity index to account for impacts of temperature stress during the reproductive phase predicted lower yields and higher yield variability from early-April sowing. The frost–heat-limited yields predicted optimum sowing times of mid-April at southern sites, and late April to early May at the northern sites with lower median yield and higher yield variability in crops sown in early April. The experimental and simulation data are potentially compatible given that the experiments occurred during the decade of the Millennium drought in south-eastern Australia (2002–10), with dry and hot spring conditions favouring earlier sowing. However, the study reveals the need for more accurate and validated prediction of the frost and heat impacts on field-grown canola if simulation models are to provide more accurate prediction of attainable yield as new combinations of cultivar and sowing dates are explored.

scholarly journals Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangdi D. Li ◽  
Mark K. Conyers ◽  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
De Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Dryland cereal production systems of south-eastern Australia require viable options for reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions without compromising productivity and profitability. A 4-year rotational experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–canola (Brassica napus L.)–grain legumes–wheat in sequence was established at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, in a semiarid Mediterranean-type environment where long-term average annual rainfall is 541mm and the incidence of summer rainfall is episodic and unreliable. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate whether (i) tillage increases N2O emissions and (ii) nitrogen (N) application can improve productivity without increasing N2O emissions. The base experimental design for each crop phase was a split-plot design with tillage treatment (tilled versus no-till) as the whole plot, and N fertiliser rate (0, 25, 50 and 100kgN/ha) as the subplot, replicated three times. This paper reports high resolution N2O emission data under a canola crop. The daily N2O emission rate averaged 0.55g N2O-N/ha.day, ranging between –0.81 and 6.71g N2O-N/ha.day. The annual cumulative N2O-N emitted was 175.6 and 224.3g N2O-N/ha under 0 and 100kgN/ha treatments respectively. There was no evidence to support the first hypothesis that tillage increases N2O emissions, a result which may give farmers more confidence to use tillage strategically to manage weeds and diseases where necessary. However, increasing N fertiliser rate tended to increase N2O emissions, but did not increase crop production at this site.

Discriminating power of selected physical properties of seeds of various rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ropelewska ◽  
Piotr Zapotoczny ◽  
Wojciech S. Budzyński ◽  
Krzysztof J. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Discriminating Power

scholarly journals Influence of Alfalfa Varieties on Changes in the Composition of Mobile Forms of Phosphorus in the Soil in the South-Eastern Kazakhstan

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special-Edn2) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Nariman Mukhtarovich Massaliyev ◽  
Sara Bekentaevna Ramazanova ◽  
Birzhan Sultanuly Rakhymzhanov
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

scholarly journals Impact of different tillage on soil physical properties, CO2 emissions and winter oilseed rape yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Sinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Gabrielė Černiauskaitė ◽  
Karolis Bilkevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Long Time

The investigation presents data on winter rape agrocenosis productivity, soil physical properties, and CO2 metabolism intensity using different tillages. The object of the research is the winter rape (Brassica napus L.) crop using different tillages. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effects of different tillages and direct sowing on winter oilseed rape, soil physical properties and CO2 emissions. Methods of analysis. The studies have been carried out in accordance with established procedures. The methods used to apply the Stationary Single Factor Field Experiment were installed at the Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station in 1988. The study factor is tillage systems: normal deep pruning at a depth of 23–25 cm in autumn (DP), control; shallow pruning at a depth of 12 to 15 cm in autumn (SP); deep loosening at a depth of 8 to 10 cm in autumn (DL); shallow loosening 13–25 cm (SL); direct seeding with cultivation up to 5 cm (NT). Results. For a long time, direct seeding into the stubble (with cultivation up to 5 cm) increases the resistance of the soil shear. During the whole investigation period, a lower CO2 concentration was observed in shallow loosening and direct seeding fields. Simplified tillages did not have a significant impact on the yields of winter rape.

Change in soil infiltration associated with leys in south-eastern Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Connolly ◽  
D. M. Freebairn ◽  
M. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Surface Sealing

Cropping systems in south-eastern Queensland have led to degradation of soil physical properties and loss of infiltration capacity. Pasture leys are favoured for ameliorating soil physical properties because they add organic matter to the soil, create macroporosity, and help to re-aggregate soil. We measured change in hydraulic conductivity with period of ley for 5 major soil groups in south-eastern Queensland (Sodosols, light and heavy Vertosols, Red Ferrosols, and Red Chromosols/Kandosols). We characterised 2 soil layers that are susceptible to degradation when cropped: surface soil exposed to raindrop impact, and the layer immediately below the cultivated layer (0·1-0·2 m deep). A rainfall simulator was used to measure hydraulic conductivity of surface seals under high intensity rainfall. Disc permeameters and pressure plate apparatus were used to measure hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix in the 0·1-0·2 m layer. Hydraulic conductivity of both soil layers improved with period of pasture for all but the light-textured Red Chromosols/Kandosols. The estimated period of pasture required to return hydraulic conductivity to pre-cultivated levels ranged from 5 to 40 years, depending on soil type and layer. This is about 2-3 times the period of cultivation that caused the degradation. Grazing reduced the effectiveness of pasture in ameliorating surface sealing on Sodosols. Beneficial effects of a 2·5-4·5 year, ungrazed ley pasture on surface soil persisted for up to 5 years after recultivation, but were lost in the 0·1-0·2 m layer within 1 year. These rates of decline in hydraulic conductivity were faster than observed on previously uncultivated soils. The APSIM model was used to predict the effect of measured improvements in soil hydraulic conductivity on average runoff from summer fallows. The model predicted that most benefits for fallow runoff would be achieved with 2-5 years of ley. The surface seal was the major limitation to infiltration when the soil was bare. Subsurface soil layers limited infiltration if surface sealing was reduced by ameliorating soil properties or maintaining cover on the soil surface. The results suggest that despite amelioration of soil structure with leys, appropriate tillage and cover management is still required to maintain high infiltration rates.

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