scholarly journals Effects of starvation and refeeding on growth performance and stress defense mechanisms of stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus juveniles from aquaculture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Elena Florescu (Gune) ◽  
Alexandru Burcea ◽  
Gina Oana Popa ◽  
Andreea Dudu ◽  
Sergiu Emil Georgescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Acipenser Stellatus ◽  
High Level

Acipenser stellatus represents a species of great economical interest due to its roe used for caviar production. Therefore, it has been intensively captured for decades and nowadays, this species is on the verge of extinction. As a consequence, Acipenser stellatus is intensively raised in fish farms. Aquaculture is focused on optimizing the feeding regime of juveniles. The aim of this study was to investigate if Acipenser stellatus can adapt to a starvation/refeeding regime by assessing the effects of this regime on growth performance, oxidative stress biomarkers and heat shock protein (hsp) gene expression in juveniles raised under aquaculture conditions. The juveniles were subjected to two starvation/refeeding regimes: a 7-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding, and a14-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding. The results had shown that the juveniles subjected to 7/21-day starvation/refeeding regime presented a complete compensatory growth, they were able to counteract the oxidative stress by enhancing activities of the antioxidant enzymes and they presented no significant changes in hsp gene expression. In contrast, 14/21-day starvation/refeeding regime negatively influenced growth performance, it induced a high level of oxidative stress that was impossible to counteract and it determined major changes in the hsp gene expression level in the liver of Acipenser stellatus. Thus, Acipenser stellatus seems to be able to adapt only to the 7/21-day starvation/refeeding regime that does not threaten the growth performance and the welfare of juveniles. Therefore, it could be useful to optimize the feeding practice in aquaculture production.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Starvation and Refeeding in the Intestine of Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) Juveniles from Aquaculture

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Iulia Elena Florescu (Gune) ◽  
Sergiu Emil Georgescu ◽  
Andreea Dudu ◽  
Mihaela Balaș ◽  
Sorina Voicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Acipenser Stellatus

Acipenser stellatus is a critically endangered species due to the anthropic influence. It has been intensively captured for decades because of its high economic value, its roe being used in the caviar industry. Therefore, Acipenser stellatus is intensively raised in fish farms for both conservation and economical purposes. Aquaculture aims to optimize the feeding regime of juveniles in order to improve its profitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate if Acipenser stellatus can adapt to a starvation/refeeding regime by assessing the effects of this regime on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defense mechanisms in juveniles raised under aquaculture conditions. The juveniles were subjected to two regimes: a 7-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding, respectively a 14-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding. The results showed that both starvation/refeeding regimes induced an enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities in the intestine of the juveniles. The oxidative damage was counteracted at the protein level. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly induced in the intestine of the juveniles subjected to 14/21-day starvation/refeeding regime. The 7/21-day starvation/refeeding regime proved to be more suitable for Acipenser stellatus and therefore, it could be useful to optimize the feeding practice in aquaculture production.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human Skin Gene Expression by Different Blends of Plant Extracts with Implications to Periorbital Skin Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Namkoong ◽  
Dale Kern ◽  
Helen Knaggs
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Since the skin is the major protective barrier of the body, it is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental influences such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, pollution or dry/cold air are involved in the generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and impact skin aging and dermal health. Assessment of human skin gene expression and other biomarkers including epigenetic factors are used to evaluate the biological/molecular activities of key compounds in cosmetic formulas. The objective of this study was to quantify human gene expression when epidermal full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to: (a) a mixture of betaine, pentylene glycol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodiola rosea root extract (BlendE) for antioxidant, skin barrier function and oxidative stress (with hydrogen peroxide challenge); and (b) a mixture of Narcissus tazetta bulb extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (BlendIP) for various biomarkers and microRNA analysis. For BlendE, several antioxidants, protective oxidative stress biomarkers and many skin barrier function parameters were significantly increased. When BlendE was evaluated, the negative impact of the hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 3 and MMP 12), the skin aging and oxidative stress biomarkers, namely FBN2, ANXA1 and HGF. When BlendIP was tested for cell proliferation and dermal structural components to enhance the integrity of the skin around the eyes: 8 growth factors, 7 signaling, 7 structural/barrier function and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased. Finally, when BlendIP was tested via real-time RT-PCR for microRNA expression: miR-146a, miR-22, miR155, miR16 and miR21 were all significantly increased over control levels. Therefore, human skin gene expression studies are important tools to assess active ingredient compounds such as plant extract blends to advance dermal hypotheses toward validating cosmetic formulations with botanical molecules.

Different Chilling-Induced Symptoms and the Underlying Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defense in the Exocarp and Mesocarp of Immature Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Fruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichaya Chuenchom ◽  
Sompoch Noichinda ◽  
Kitti Bodhipadma ◽  
Chalermchai Wongs-Aree ◽  
David W. M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Immature sponge gourd fruit is consumed as a vegetable with a limited shelf life. Although cold storage is a simple and powerful tool for maintaining postharvest fruit quality, storage at a low temperature may not be appropriate for vegetables as some chilling injury (CI) of the immature sponge gourd fruit may occur. Therefore, this research aimed to elucidate the relationship between CI, oxidative stress, and the antioxidative defense mechanisms in the exocarp and mesocarp of immature sponge gourd fruit. After storage at 5°C for 6 days, visual CI symptoms, including browning and surface pitting, were found in the peel (exocarp) but not in the mesocarp. There were, however, more dead cells (stained by Evans blue) in the mesocarp of the fruit stored at 5°C. There was a more considerable increase in the electrolyte leakage rate in both fruit tissues held at 5°C than 25°C. The CI was correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissues. The MDA of fruit exocarp at 5°C was 1.6 fold higher than that at 25°C on day 6, while the lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in mesocarp was 50% higher in fruit stored at a lower temperature. The action of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was high in the exocarp of the fruit stored at 5°C, but there appeared to be a continuous depletion of the co-substrate or ascorbic acid. In conclusion, the CI in the exocarp was mainly associated with a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the CI in the mesocarp appeared to be primarily associated with increased lipid peroxidation by the elevated LOX activity under cold stress compared to storage at 25°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Lead on Intestinal Nutrient Transporters mRNA Expression in Broiler Chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohollah Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Juan Boo Liang ◽  
Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam ◽  
Parisa Shokryazdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Nutrient Transporters

Lead- (Pb-) induced oxidative stress is known to suppress growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens. In an attempt to describe the specific underlying mechanisms of such phenomenon we carried out the current study. Ninety-six one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups of 6 pen replicates, namely, (i) basal diet containing no lead supplement (control) and (ii) basal diet containing 200 mg lead acetate/kg of diet. Following 3 weeks of experimental period, jejunum samples were collected to examine the changes in gene expression of several nutrient transporters, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that addition of lead significantly decreased feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Moreover, with the exception of GLUT5, the expression of all sugar, peptide, and amino acid transporters was significantly downregulated in the birds under Pb induced oxidative stress. Exposure to Pb also upregulated the antioxidant enzymes gene expression together with the downregulation of glutathione S-transferase and Hsp70. In conclusion, it appears that Pb-induced oxidative stress adversely suppresses feed efficiency and growth performance in chicken and the possible underlying mechanism for such phenomenon is downregulation of major nutrient transporter genes in small intestine.

scholarly journals Variations of Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers under First-Line Antituberculosis Treatment: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Andreea-Daniela Meca ◽  
Adina Turcu-Stiolica ◽  
Elena Camelia Stanciulescu ◽  
Ana Marina Andrei ◽  
Floarea Mimi Nitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
First Line ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide, and pathogenesis is yet incompletely elucidated. Bacilli dissemination is due to poor antioxidant defense mechanisms and intensified oxidative stress. There are few recent studies that analyzed and compared free radicals or antioxidant status before and after anti-TB treatment. Hence, the present study underlines the need to identify oxidative stress as it could be a useful tool in TB monitorisation. Thirty newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB were included after signing an informed consent. Blood was collected before receiving first-line anti-tubercular therapy (T0) and after 60 days (T2). Spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify oxidative parameters (TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive species); enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and TAC (total antioxidant capacity); and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH (reduced glutathione). A moderate positive correlation was found between GSH and TAC (r = 0.63, p-value = 0.046) and GSH and SOD (r = 0.64, p-value = 0.041) at T2. Increased values of GSH, CAT, and SOD were noted at T2 in comparison with T0, while GPx, TAC, and TBARS decreased at T2. A better monitorisation in TB could be based on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nevertheless, restoring redox host balance could reduce TB progression.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Colica ◽  
Laura Di Renzo ◽  
Domenico Trombetta ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Sergio Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Double Blinded

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) protection, and its metabolites are able to protect from the endothelial dysfunction commonly present in atherosclerosis. This randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial determined the effect in healthy volunteers of two gastroresistant capsules containing 15 mg/day of HT, for a 3-week period (HTT). Evaluation of nutritional status, serum metabolites, oxidative stress biomarkers, and gene expression of 9 genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVDs was performed. Oxidation biomarkers like thiol group (p=0.001), total antioxidant status (TAS) (p=0.001), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) (2−ΔΔCt = 3.7), and plasma concentration of HT (2.83μg·mL−1) were significantly increased, while nitrite (p=0.001), nitrate (p=0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=0.02) were drastically reduced after HTT. A significant reduction of body fat mass percentage (p=0.01), suprailiac skinfold (p=0.01), and weight (p=0.04; Δ% = −0.46%) was observed after HTT. This study shows that regular intake of 15 mg/day of HT changed body composition parameters and modulated the antioxidant profile and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes. However, it is advisable to personalize HT doses in order to exert its health benefits in CVD prevention and protection of LDL-C particles from oxidative damage. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01890070.

scholarly journals Malvidin Protects against and Repairs Peptic Ulcers in Mice by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3312
Author(s):  
Felipe Leonardo Fagundes ◽  
Quélita Cristina Pereira ◽  
Melina Luzzi Zarricueta ◽  
Raquel de Cássia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Peptic ulcer episodes cause damage to the stomach and intestine, with inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative stress as the main players. In this study, we investigated the potential of anthocyanidin malvidin for preventive and curative peptic ulcer treatment. The anthocyanidin effects were examined in gastric ulcer mouse models induced by ethanol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), acetic acid and duodenal ulcer induced by polypharmacy. Expression levels of oxidative and inflammatory genes were measured to investigate the mechanism of anthocyanin activity. At a dose of 5 mg·kg−1, Malvidin prevented gastric ulcer induction by ethanol, NSAID and repaired the tissue after 6 days of IR. Moreover, the anthocyanidin accelerated the healing of acetic acid-induced ulcer, increased the gene expression of EGF and COX-1, and downregulated MMP-9. Anthocyanin treatment mitigated the effect of polypharmacy on inflammation and oxidative stress observed in the intestine. Additionally, the compound downregulated cytokine expression and TLR4 and upregulated HMOX-1 and IL-10, exhibiting protective activity in the mouse gut. Malvidin thus prevented gastric and duodenal ulcers due to prominent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on the gastrointestinal tract that were related to gene expression modulation and an increase in endogenous defense mechanisms.

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