scholarly journals Association of HindIII-polymorphism in kappa-casein gene with milk, fat and protein yield in holstein cattle*

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Miluchová ◽  
Michal Gábor ◽  
Juraj Candrák ◽  
Anna Trakovická ◽  
Kristína Candráková
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein on the milk production in Holstein cattle. A total 210 cows of Holstein cattle were use in this study. On the basis of PCR-RFLP analyses we established genotype structure of cattle population and calculated allelic frequencies. In Holstein cattle population was detected all three genotypes – AA (69.52%), AB (27.62%) and BB (2.86%). The frequency of allele A was 83.33% and allele B was 16.67%. Effectiveness of allele incidence and genetic diversity was evaluated with following parameters: theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%). The Holstein cattle kept in Slovak Republic exhibit high value of homozygosity and low values of polymorphism information content, effective number of alleles and level of possible variability realization. The effect of polymorphism of CSN3 gene on average breeding values for milk production traits as the yield of milk, fat and protein in kilograms as well as contents of fat and protein in percentages was detected using by the packed SAS 9.3 of SAS Enterprise Guide 5.1. We detected statistical significant difference between genotypes only at an average breeding value for the percentage of protein in milk during assessment the variability of observed traits in depending on polymorphism of CSN3 gene. For other breeding values the impact of individual genotypes CSN3 gene on their variability was not observed.

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic structure in Slovak Pinzgau cattle using five candidate genes related to milk production traits

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-875
Author(s):  
Martina Miluchova ◽  
Michal Gabor ◽  
Anna Trakovicka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Pcr Rflp

The goal of the paper was to identify genetic structure of five candidate genes for milk production in Slovak Pinzgau breed. A total of 86 mothers of bulls of Slovak Pinzgau cattle were use in this study. To genotype of cows for candidate genes we used PCR methods (PCR-RFLP, ARMS-PCR, multiplex PCR-RFLP). On the basis of PCR analyses we established genotype structure of cattle population and calculated allelic frequencies. Effectiveness of allele incidence and genetic diversity was evaluated with following parameters: theoretical heterozygosity (He exp), experimental heterozygosity (He obs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%). Slovak Pinzgau cattle exhibit the high values of heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, effective number of alleles and level of possible variability realization for genes CSN2, CSN3 and LALBA. In opposite, for genes CSN1S1 and LGB show high values of homozygosity.

Detection of A1 and A2 Alleles at Beta-casein Locus in Bargur and Umblachery (Indian Zebu) Cattle Breeds by Allele-specific PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raja ◽  
R. Rajendran ◽  
P. Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Background: Many genetic variants of beta-casein in different breeds of cattle have been reported. The A1 and A2 are the most common variants. The breeds of Zebu cattle have high frequency of A2 allele or monomorphic for A2 allele. The current study aimed to screen Indian Zebu cattle breeds, Bargur and Umblachery, for A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus.Methods: A total of 48 Bargur and 42 Umblachery cattle were genotyped for β-casein (CSN2) gene using allele-specific PCR. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated. The theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA) and level of possible variability realization (V%) were calculated.Result: The investigation revealed the presence of both A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus in both Bargur and Umblachery cattle breeds. The A1A1 genotype was not observed in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.125 and 0.875 respectively in Bargur and 0.050 and 0.950 respectively in Umblachery breed. The study indicated the predominance of A2 variant in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles were 0.063 and 0.937 respectively in Bargur and 0.02 and 0.98 respectively in Umblachery breed. The values of experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%) were 0.125, 0.1163, 0.1095,0.8837, 1.131 and 11.88 respectively in Bargur breed. These values were 0.048, 0.0468, 0.0458, 0.9532, 1.049 and 4.79 respectively in Umblachery population. The observed heterozygosity and PIC values revealed the existence of very low genetic variability in the tested populations. The present work will be a contribution to the study on beta-casein locus in Indian zebu cattle.

scholarly journals GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY FOR MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION TRAITS IN RUSSIAN HOLSTEIN CATTLE POPULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sermyagin A.A. Sermyagin ◽  
◽  
E.A. Gladyr’ E.A. Gladyr’ ◽  
S.N. Kharitonov S.N. Kharitonov ◽  
A.N. Ermilov A.N. Ermilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Reproduction Traits

scholarly journals Genomewide Association Analyses of Lactation Persistency and Milk Production Traits in Holstein Cattle Based on Imputed Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Victor B. Pedrosa ◽  
Flavio S. Schenkel ◽  
Shi-Yi Chen ◽  
Hinayah R. Oliveira ◽  
Theresa M. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
North American ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Production Traits

Lactation persistency and milk production are among the most economically important traits in the dairy industry. In this study, we explored the association of over 6.1 million imputed whole-genome sequence variants with lactation persistency (LP), milk yield (MILK), fat yield (FAT), fat percentage (FAT%), protein yield (PROT), and protein percentage (PROT%) in North American Holstein cattle. We identified 49, 3991, 2607, 4459, 805, and 5519 SNPs significantly associated with LP, MILK, FAT, FAT%, PROT, and PROT%, respectively. Various known associations were confirmed while several novel candidate genes were also revealed, including ARHGAP35, NPAS1, TMEM160, ZC3H4, SAE1, ZMIZ1, PPIF, LDB2, ABI3, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 for LP; NIM1K, ZNF131, GABRG1, GABRA2, DCHS1, and SPIDR for MILK; NR6A1, OLFML2A, EXT2, POLD1, GOT1, and ETV6 for FAT; DPP6, LRRC26, and the KCN gene family for FAT%; CDC14A, RTCA, HSTN, and ODAM for PROT; and HERC3, HERC5, LALBA, CCL28, and NEURL1 for PROT%. Most of these genes are involved in relevant gene ontology (GO) terms such as fatty acid homeostasis, transporter regulator activity, response to progesterone and estradiol, response to steroid hormones, and lactation. The significant genomic regions found contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to LP and milk production in North American Holstein cattle.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Kosyachenko ◽  
Marina Abramova ◽  
M. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tristant ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

Genetic line × concentrate level interactions for milk production and feed efficiency in dairy cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
G. L. Roy ◽  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Concentrate Level

Early first lactation data from 2230 cows of five research herds of Agriculture Canada were used to study the interactions of genetic line by concentrate level, and sire by concentrate level and to estimate breeding values of sires. The genetic lines were defined as Holstein (H), Ayrshire (A), and H × A or A × H (C). The interactions of sire by concentrate level were studied separately using progeny of five different mating groups: G1, H sires mated to H cows; G2, H sires mated to H, A and C cows; G3, A sires mated to A cows; G4, A sires mated to H, A and C cows; and G5, C sires mated to C cows. The interactions of genetic line by concentrate were significant (P < 0.05) for 56- to 112-d milk yield (MY112), corrected 56-to 112-d milk yield (CMY112) and feed efficiency (EFMY112 = MY112/TDN consumption). H and C cows produced more milk and were more efficient than A cows when fed high levels of concentrate. The H cattle possess a greater capacity to convert the concentrate into milk, while A cattle reach maximum milk production earlier than H cattle. The interactions of sire by concentrate were statistically significant for MY112, EFMY112 and CMY112 in G1 (P < 0.01), and G2 (P < 0.01). The breeding values of sires for MY112 were estimated using BLUP for all of the H line (BLUP-T), for half of the population consuming low amounts of concentrate (BLUP-L) and for the other half consuming high amounts (BLUP-H). A significant reranking of sires was found among the three groups. Key words: Genotype × environment interaction, milk production, efficiency, breeding value, dairy cattle

scholarly journals GWAS-Based Identification of New Loci for Milk Yield, Fat, and Protein in Holstein Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
Jinghang Zhou ◽  
Chunpeng James Chen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Wan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genome Wide

High-yield and high-quality of milk are the primary goals of dairy production. Understanding the genetic architecture underlying these milk-related traits is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we measured five milk production and quality traits in Holstein cattle population from China. These traits included milk yield, fat, and protein. We used the estimated breeding values as dependent variables to conduct the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Breeding values were estimated through pedigree relationships by using a linear mixed model. Genotyping was carried out on the individuals with phenotypes by using the Illumina BovineSNP150 BeadChip. The association analyses were conducted by using the fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. A total of ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected above the genome-wide significant threshold (p < 4.0 × 10−7), including six located in previously reported quantitative traits locus (QTL) regions. We found eight candidate genes within distances of 120 kb upstream or downstream to the associated SNPs. The study not only identified the effect of DGAT1 gene on milk fat and protein, but also discovered novel genetic loci and candidate genes related to milk traits. These novel genetic loci would be an important basis for molecular breeding in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals The impact of genetic relationship information on genomic breeding values in German Holstein cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Habier ◽  
Jens Tetens ◽  
Franz-Reinhold Seefried ◽  
Peter Lichtner ◽  
Georg Thaller
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
The Impact

Impact of liveweight, fat and muscle sire breeding values on ewe reproduction is minimal but variable across Australian grazing systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Walkom ◽  
D. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
The Impact

Australian sheep producers have the potential to improve reproductive rates through optimising ewe body condition across the production cycle. Managing ewe body condition can become costly when supplementary feeding is required due to poor pasture growth or rainfall and by using appropriate genetics, producers can theoretically reduce the flock’s dependency on supplementary feed and improve reproductive rates. Reproductive records from the Information Nucleus Flock and Sheep Genetics Merino and maternal breed datasets were analysed to examine the influence of sire breeding values for liveweight (post-weaning, yearling and adult assessments), fat and eye muscle depths (post-weaning and yearling assessments) and number of lambs weaned on reproductive performance (fertility, litter size and number of lambs born) across a variety of production environments. To determine the impact of environmental conditions on the relationship between weight, ultrasound body composition, and reproduction traits the daughters’ adjusted reproductive performances were regressed on the sire’s breeding value across flocks, within flocks and within flock × year. Irrespective of age at assessment, sire breeding values for liveweight, fat and eye muscle depths had very little association with the reproductive performance of their daughters, on average. The regressions of reproduction on weight, and fat and eye muscle depth traits varied across flocks from unfavourable to favourable estimates. The very small overall impact of weight, and fat and eye muscle depth traits, on average suggests that using sire breeding values for number of lambs weaned, which had a large impact on reproduction, will provide the most viable method to genetically improve reproductive performance within the production system in question.

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