scholarly journals SpaCBA sequence instability and its relationship to the adhesion efficiency of Lactobacillus casei group isolates to Caco-2 cells.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Markowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt ◽  
Monika Borkowska ◽  
Marcin T Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Sequence Polymorphism ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Adhesion Assay ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Adhesion Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The ability to adhere to enterocytes is one of the key features of probiotics. This process involves a number of factors, among which the important role of pili was demonstrated. Some Lactobacillus species are confirmed to have heterotrimeric spaCBA type pili. The aim of this study was to identify spaCBA pili in strains of selected Lactobacillus spp. and assess the impact of their presence and sequence polymorphism on the adhesion of these strains to enterocytes. Total 20 bacterial strains of L. rhamnosus, L. casei and L. paracasei were tested. The presence of pilus specific proteins coding genes spaA, spaB and spaC was verified by PCR in order to identify the presence of sequence polymorphism in the genes possibly affecting the structure of the spaCBA pilus. To correlate spaCBA polymorphism to adhesion capability the adhesion assay was carried out using Caco-2 cell line. The effectiveness of the adhesion was measured using a scintillation counter. The Lactobacillus strains analyzed showed the adhesion to Caco-2 enterocytes capability from 0.6% to 19.6%. The presence of spaCBA pili is a factor increasing the adhesion efficiency of Lactobacillus spp. to Caco-2 enterocytes. Lack of these structures on the surface of bacterial cells results in the reduction in adhesion efficiency, indicating its important role in the adhesion process. But not in all cases the correlation between the presence of protein spaCBA structures and adhesion efficiency was observed, what may indicate the important role of other factors in adhesion of analyzed strains to Caco-2 cells.

Trichomonas tenax and periodontal diseases: a concise review

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIEU MARTY ◽  
MATHIEU LEMAITRE ◽  
PHILIPPE KÉMOUN ◽  
JEAN-JACQUES MORRIER ◽  
PAUL MONSARRAT
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gum Disease

SUMMARYPeriodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis), result from a disruption of the host–oral microbiome homoeostasis. Whereas the pathological role of some specific bacterial strains during periodontal diseases is well documented, the impact of parasites in periodontium pathophysiology is still under debate. This review aims to collect data about the prevalence and the potential role of Trichomonas tenax during periodontal diseases. Data from 47 studies revealed that T. tenax prevalence in diseased periodontium ranged from 0 to 94·1%. The prevalence of oral protozoan infections was found to be largely greater in patients with periodontal diseases than with healthy periodontium. The parasite detection was mainly performed by direct microscopy. Trichomonas tenax presence was clearly correlated with periodontal disease. The high heterogeneity of its periodontal prevalence may be correlated with the diversity of the population screened (age, sex, systemic diseases), and the methods used for diagnosis. This protozoan seems to have the capacity to be involved in the inflammatory process of gum disease. Animal experimentation, using relevant physiopathological models of periodontitis, needs to be performed to investigate the ability of T. tenax to cause and/or worsen the disease. Further investigations using standardized experimental designs of epidemiologic studies are also needed.

scholarly journals Nitrofurantoin—Microbial Degradation and Interactions with Environmental Bacterial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Pacholak ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak ◽  
Ewa Kaczorek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrofuran Derivatives ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

The continuous exposure of living organisms and microorganisms to antibiotics that have increasingly been found in various environmental compartments may be perilous. One group of antibacterial agents that have an environmental impact that has been very scarcely studied is nitrofuran derivatives. Their representative is nitrofurantoin (NFT)—a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that is often overdosed. The main aims of the study were to: (a) isolate and characterize new microbial strains that are able to grow in the presence of NFT, (b) investigate the ability of isolates to decompose NFT, and (c) study the impact of NFT on microbial cell properties. As a result, five microbial species were isolated. A 24-h contact of bacteria with NFT provoked modifications in microbial cell properties. The greatest differences were observed in Sphingobacterium thalpophilum P3d, in which a decrease in both total and inner membrane permeability (from 86.7% to 48.3% and from 0.49 to 0.42 µM min−1) as well as an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity (from 28.3% to 39.7%) were observed. Nitrofurantoin removal by selected microbial cultures ranged from 50% to 90% in 28 days, depending on the bacterial strain. Although the isolates were able to decompose the pharmaceutical, its presence significantly affected the bacterial cells. Hence, the environmental impact of NFT should be investigated to a greater extent.

scholarly journals The Impact of Protease during Recovery from Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrio cholerae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Anusuya Debnath ◽  
Shin-ichi Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Resuscitation Promoting Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Upshift

Vibrio cholerae can survive cold stress by entering into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation can be induced either by temperature upshift only or the addition of an anti-dormancy stimulant such as resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) at suitable temperature. In this study, the role of proteinase K was analyzed as an Rpf in V. cholerae. A VBNC state was induced in V. cholerae AN59 in artificial seawater (ASW) media at 4 °C, and recovery could be achieved in filtered VBNC microcosm, called spent ASW media, merely by a temperature upshift to 37 °C. The resuscitation ability of spent ASW was further enhanced by the addition of proteinase K. The mode of action of proteinase K was investigated by comparing its effect on the growth of the VBNC and culturable state of V. cholerae in ASW and spent ASW media. The presence of proteinase K allowed culturable cells to grow faster in ASW by reducing the generation time. However, this effect of proteinase K was more pronounced in stressed VBNC cells. Moreover, proteinase K-supplemented spent ASW could also accelerate the transition of VBNC into recovered cells followed by rapid growth. Additionally, we found that dead bacterial cells were the substrate on which proteinase K acts to support high growth in spent ASW. So, the conclusion is that the proteinase K could efficiently promote the recovery and growth of dormant VBNC cells at higher temperatures by decreasing the duration of the initial lag phase required for transitioning from the VBNC to recovery state and increasing the growth rate of these recovered cells.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of heat treatment on antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes and their potential uptake by other ‘live’ bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian James ◽  
Ronald Dixon ◽  
Luke Talbot ◽  
Stephen James ◽  
Nicola Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
The Public ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Exposure Risks ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Addressing the public health threat posed by AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK, which has led to both a 20-year vision of AMR and a 5-year (2019 to 2024) AMR National Action Plan (NAP). The latter sets out actions to slow the development and spread of AMR with a focus on antimicrobials. The NAP used an integrated ‘One-Health’ approach which spanned people, animals, agriculture and the environment, and calls for activities to “identify and assess the sources, pathways, and exposure risks” of AMR. The FSA continues to contribute to delivery of the NAP in a number of ways, including through furthering our understanding of the role of the food chain and AMR.Thorough cooking of food kills vegetative bacterial cells including pathogens and is therefore a crucial step in reducing the risk of most forms of food poisoning. Currently, there is uncertainty around whether cooking food is sufficient to denature AMR genes and mobile genetic elements from these ‘dead’ bacteria to prevent uptake by ‘live’ bacteria in the human gut and other food environments - therefore potentially contributing to the overall transmission of AMR to humans. This work was carried out to assess these evidence gaps.

scholarly journals AHL-priming for enhanced resistance as a tool in sustainable agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Shrestha ◽  
Adam Schikora
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Acyl Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Bacteria communicate with each other through quorum sensing (QS) molecules. N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) are one of the most extensively studied groups of QS molecules. The role of AHL molecules is not limited to interactions between bacteria; they also mediate inter-kingdom interaction with eukaryotes. The perception mechanism of AHL is well-known in bacteria and several proteins have been proposed as putative receptors in mammalian cells. However, not much is known about the perception of AHL in plants. Plants generally respond to short-chained AHL with modification in growth, while long-chained AHL induce AHL-priming for enhanced resistance. Since plants may host several AHL-producing bacteria and encounter multiple AHL at once, a coordinated response is required. The effect of the AHL combination showed relatively low impact on growth but enhanced resistance. Microbial consortium of bacterial strains that produce different AHL could therefore be an interesting approach in sustainable agriculture. Here, we review the molecular and genetical basis required for AHL perception. We highlight recent advances in the field of AHL-priming. We also discuss the recent discoveries on the impact of combination(s) of multiple AHL on crop plants and the possible use of this knowledge in sustainable agriculture.

Discrimination between bacterial phenotypes using glyco-nanoparticles and the impact of polymer coating on detection readouts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Richards ◽  
Elizabeth Fullam ◽  
Gurdyal S. Besra ◽  
Matthew I. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Proteins ◽  
The Impact

Gold nanoparticles are employed to discriminate between bacterial strains based on their differential expression of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The role of carbohydrate presentation on sensory output is studied.

scholarly journals Microbiology and atmospheric processes: the role of biological particles in cloud physics

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Möhler ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
G. Vali ◽  
Z. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biological Particles ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. As part of a series of papers on the sources, distribution and potential impact of biological particles in the atmosphere, this paper introduces and summarizes the potential role of biological particles in atmospheric clouds. Biological particles like bacteria or pollen may be active as both cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) and thereby can contribute to the initial cloud formation stages and the development of precipitation through giant CCN and IN processes. The paper gives an introduction to aerosol-cloud processes involving CCN and IN in general and provides a short summary of previous laboratory, field and modelling work which investigated the CCN and IN activity of bacterial cells and pollen. Recent measurements of atmospheric ice nuclei with a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) and of the heterogeneous ice nucleation efficiency of bacterial cells are also briefly discussed. As a main result of this overview paper we conclude that a proper assessment of the impact of biological particles on tropospheric clouds needs new laboratory, field and modelling work on the abundance of biological particles in the atmosphere and their CCN and heterogeneous IN properties.

scholarly journals Microbiology and atmospheric processes: the role of biological particles in cloud physics

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2559-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Möhler ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
G. Vali ◽  
Z. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biological Particles ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. As part of a series of papers on the sources, distribution and potential impact of biological particles in the atmosphere, this paper introduces and summarizes the potential role of biological particles in atmospheric clouds. Biological particles like bacteria or pollen may be active as both cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) and thereby can contribute to the initial cloud formation stages and the development of precipitation through giant CCN and IN processes. The paper gives an introduction to aerosol-cloud processes like CCN and IN in general and provides a short summary of previous laboratory, field and modelling work investigating the CCN and IN activity of bacterial cells and pollen. Recent measurements of atmospheric ice nuclei with a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) and of the heterogeneous ice nucleation efficiency of bacterial cells are also briefly discussed. As a main result of this overview paper we conclude that a proper assessment of the impact of biological particles on tropospheric clouds needs new laboratory, field and modelling work investigating the abundance of biological particles in the atmosphere and their CCN and heterogeneous IN properties.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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