scholarly journals Active surveillance in poultry in Poland for avian influenza subtypes H5 and H7.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pikuła ◽  
Krzysztof Smietanka ◽  
Anna Lisowska ◽  
Zenon Minta
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Free Status

A serological surveillance programme for avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H5 and H7 in poultry was implemented in Poland in 2008-2013 with two main objectives: i) to detect subclinical infections or previous exposures to AIV H5 and H7 subtypes and ii) to demonstrate the AI- free status of Poland. During this period, over 45 000 serum samples from 2833 holdings were examined using the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The presence of HI antibodies was detected in 8 breeder geese holdings (7 positive for H5 and 1 positive for H7 AIV) and in 1 breeder duck holding (H5-positive), which represented 0.32% of all investigated holdings. All seropositive flocks were examined by real time RT-PCR with negative results, which substantiated the AI-free status of Poland. Positive results detected in clinically healthy poultry kept in an open range system indicate prior infections with low pathogenic AIV originating from the wild-bird reservoir.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum treatments to remove nonspecific inhibitors from chicken sera for the hemagglutination inhibition test with inactivated H5N1 and H9N2 avian Influenza A virus subtypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Ki Lee ◽  
Yong-Kuk Kwon ◽  
Min-Su Kang ◽  
Oun-Kyung Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cell Adsorption

The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is the standard diagnostic test for detection of antibodies to avian influenza viruses. It is well known that chicken serum does not require additional serum pretreatment to remove nonspecific inhibitors (NSIs). However, NSIs were recognized in certain Korean local breeds. In the present study, various treatments were compared to remove such NSIs. Heat treatment, red blood cell adsorption, and kaolin treatment did not remove NSIs effectively, and treatment with periodate only partly eliminated the NSIs. Receptor destroying enzyme (RDE) treatment appeared to effectively remove NSIs from chicken sera, regardless of breeds. It is proposed that RDE treatment should be included in the HI tests for serological diagnosis of avian Influenza A virus.

scholarly journals Development of Neuraminidase Subtype-Specific Reference Antisera by Recombinant Protein Expressed in Baculovirus

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Jun Lee ◽  
Jun-Gu Choi ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kang ◽  
Kwang-Il Kim ◽  
Choi-Kyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACTOutbreaks of avian influenza A virus infection, particularly the H5N1 strains that have affected birds and some humans for the past 15 years, have highlighted the need for increased surveillance and disease control. Such measures require diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the different subtypes of influenza virus. In the current study, a simple method for producing reference avian influenza virus antisera to be used in diagnostic tests was developed. Antisera of nine avian influenza A virus neuraminidases (NA) used for NA subtyping were produced using a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant NA (rNA) proteins were expressed in Sf9 insect cells and inoculated intramuscularly into specific-pathogen-free chickens with the ISA70 adjuvant. The NA inhibition antibody titers of the rNA antiserum were in the ranges of 5 to 8 and 6 to 9 log2units after the primary and boost immunizations, respectively. The antisera were subtype specific, showing low cross-reactivity against every other NA subtype using the conventional thiobarbituric acid NA inhibition assay. These results suggest that this simple method for producing reference NA antisera without purification may be useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of influenza virus.

Serological surveillance of H5 and H9 avian influenza A viral infections among pigs in southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxia Yuan ◽  
Wanjun Zhu ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Pei Zhou ◽  
Zhenpeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Serological Surveillance

scholarly journals Characterization of a Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Isolated in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 9926-9932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Masato Hatta ◽  
Shinya Yamada ◽  
Ayato Takada ◽  
Shinji Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACT In 2003, H5N1 avian influenza virus infections were diagnosed in two Hong Kong residents who had visited the Fujian province in mainland China, affording us the opportunity to characterize one of the viral isolates, A/Hong Kong/213/03 (HK213; H5N1). In contrast to H5N1 viruses isolated from humans during the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong, HK213 retained several features of aquatic bird viruses, including the lack of a deletion in the neuraminidase stalk and the absence of additional oligosaccharide chains at the globular head of the hemagglutinin molecule. It demonstrated weak pathogenicity in mice and ferrets but caused lethal infection in chickens. The original isolate failed to produce disease in ducks but became more pathogenic after five passages. Taken together, these findings portray the HK213 isolate as an aquatic avian influenza A virus without the molecular changes associated with the replication of H5N1 avian viruses in land-based poultry such as chickens. This case challenges the view that adaptation to land-based poultry is a prerequisite for the replication of aquatic avian influenza A viruses in humans.

scholarly journals Protection and Virus Shedding of Falcons Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H5N1)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lierz ◽  
Hafez M. Hafez ◽  
Robert Klopfleisch ◽  
Dörte Lüschow ◽  
Christine Prusas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Avian Influenza in Different Species of Poultry by Means of Serological and Molecular Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuku Zahrial Helmi ◽  
Charles Rangga Tabbu ◽  
Wayan Tunas Artama ◽  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
Muhammad Isa
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus H5n1 ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

The purpose of this research was to identify avian influenza (AI) virus using serological and molecular methods on poultry which suspectedas AI infected in Aceh province. This study used 37 samples of tracheal and cloacal swabs and organs from various species of poultry that werecollected from several districts/cities in Aceh. Samples were collected and put into transport media and stored at 4° C before sending to thelaboratory. Samples were inoculated in specific pathogen-free of embryonated chicken egg with the age of 9-11 days for further serological andmolecular examination. From 37 samples which infected to embryonated chicken egg then followed by hemagglutinin agglutinationtest/hemagglutinin inhibition revealed that 7 samples were positively infected with AI virus. The amplification result of specific matrix geneprimer was followed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel which were obtained in the form of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) band at 276 bp formatrix gene and 1.725 bp for H5 gene for all isolates test. In conclusion, the virus which caused the death of various types of poultry in Acehprovince is avian influenza A virus subtype H5.Key words: avian influenza virus, H5N1, serologic, matrix, heamaglutinin 

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