scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic activity of simvastatin may involve modulation of the expression of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniran Sanmi Adekunle ◽  
John Olabode Fatoki ◽  
Temitope Isaac Adelusi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acyl Transferase ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Difference

The statin-induced effects on high density lipoprotein (HDL) are relatively small compared with those of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and, as a result, most clinical trials of statins are underpowered with respect to HDL parameters. This study experimentally investigated, the effects of statin on serum lipids, atherogenic index and examined the possibility of a relationship amongst serum concentrations of HDL-C, atherogenic index and activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase. Thirty albino rats equally divided into 2 groups were used for the study. Group 1 was given 0.05mg/g of statin daily for 28 days, while group 2 served as control. HDL concentration was determined as a measure of HDL-C. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C were determined spectrophotometrically while LDL-C was calculated using the Frieldwald formula. Effect on the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase was determined by the difference between the amount of free cholesterol converted to cholesteryl ester in the two experimental groups. Effects on body and relative organs weights were also determined. The administration of statin caused a significant increase in serum concentration of HDL-C, while levels of LDL-C, triglyceride and total cholesterol were reduced. Simvastatin caused a significant reduction in the atherogenic index (TC/HDL-C; LDLC/HDL-C). The administration of statin significantly induced the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) as evident by reduced serum concentration of free cholesterol when compared with control. The administration of statin caused reduced body and relative organs weights. The study showed that serum antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic activity of statin may involve the induction of LCAT.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives on the lipid metabolism in experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
I. M. Bilai ◽  
M. I. Romanenko ◽  
D. H. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Xanthine Derivatives

Statin side effects are not a rare occurrence, in particular dyspeptic disorders, insomnia, headache, skin erythema, rash are often noted. All of this determines scientists to find new effective and low-toxic hypolipidemic agents. Various natural and synthetic xanthine derivatives have been recognized as therapeutically potential compounds and reported to control various diseases. Therefore, the study of new xanthine derivatives and their hypolipidemic effects, which would have a significant therapeutic effect with minimal side effects, is relevant. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives on lipidogram parameters in experimental laboratory rats. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives. The experiments were performed in white laboratory Wistar rats weighing 180–220 g. Experimental modeling of hyperlipidemia – tween model: intraperitoneal administration of tween-80 at a dose of 200 mg/100 g body weight. The test compounds were administered orally, simultaneously with tween, at a dose of 1/10 of LD50 (previously calculated by Prozorovsky express method) for 6 days. The following indicators of lipidogram were determined: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), triglycerides (TG) and atherogenic index of plasma: TC – HDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol. The experiments were carried out with respect to Bioethical rules and norms. Results. The studies have shown data on the hypolipidemic activity of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkane acid derivatives. According to the conditional efficiency index Ʃ, which included the overall percentage of the following indicators – total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, the leading compounds were 2439 (87.47 %), 6047 (82.30 %). The reference drug atorvastatin had a value of 82.98 %. Conclusions. The major compound was 2439 identified among all compared to the control group. The prospect of further research is a more detailed study on the ability of xanthine derivatives to exhibit hypolipidemic effects and to influence oxidative stress in various hyperlipidemic models.

scholarly journals To Compare the Effects of Terminalia Arjuna with Rosuvastatin on Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Vijay kumar Sehgal ◽  
Vijay Kumar Bajaj ◽  
Harcharan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference

<strong>Background:</strong>In India, CVD is a leading cause of death. Among the modifiable risk factors, hyperlipidemia is one of the important factors. Therefore lowering cholesterol level is a key factor in controlling this disease.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare the effect of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug with Rosuvastatin on serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in patients of either sex with dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> An open prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in on 60 patients for the duration of 12 weeks. Patients were distributed into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I was given Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily and group II was given capsules containing bark powder of T.arjuna 500 mg twice daily. Patients TC and LDL-C levels were performed at baseline and then repeated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. The results of both the therapies were then compared and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> T.arjuna leads to greater reduction in mean TC level than Rosuvastatin (-14.06±8.07% vs -10.10±5.39%), (- 24.73±10.69% vs -19.42±9.98%) and (-27.89±9.25% vs - 24.74±10.02%) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. The difference between both the groups was statistically non-significant (p&gt;0.05) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The reduction in mean LDL-C level was also greater with T.arjuna as compared to Rosuvastatin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both Rosuvastatin and T.arjuna were effective in causing significant decrease in serum TC and LDLC levels, but T.arjuna had a slight edge over Rosuvastatin as it showed greater reduction in TC and LDL-C levels as compare to Rosuvastatin. And was found to be safe and well tolerated.</p>

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic effects of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Seed Kernels on Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetapa Biswas ◽  
Alok Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santa Datta De
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Modified Diet

The current investigation was planned to assess the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic efficiency of watermelon seeds on male albino rats. Eight male albino rats weighing between 105-150g were randomly selected for the present experiment and were placed into two equal groups (n=4) designated as control and treated group. The control group received normal stock diet (20% protein, 5 % fat, 60 % carbohydrate). The treated group received a modified diet (90g Stock diet excluding groundnut oil + 9g watermelon seed kernel + 1g sugar). Percentages of protein, fat and carbohydrate in the modified diet were kept same as that of the stock diet. All animals were given water ad libitum. Rats were weighed at weekly intervals. After 28 days rats were anesthetized using chloroform anesthesia and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and serum was obtained for evaluation of some biochemical parameters. Result showed that serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) of the treated group were decreased significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively) compared to that of the control group. Liver glycogen, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and AI (Atherogenic Index) were decreased (non-significant) whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased (non-significant) in the treated group.

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolemic impact of newly isolated sophorolipids produced by microbial conversion of safflower oil cake in rats fed high-fat and cholesterol diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Nooman ◽  
M. H. Mahmoud ◽  
A. S. Al-kashef ◽  
M. M. Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Liver Transaminases

The present study aims to produce low cost sophorolipids, and to evaluate their potential hypocholesterolemic impact. Sophorolipids were produced by Candida bombicola grown on safflower oil cake, extracted by methanol followed by ethyl acetate with a yield of 24.4 and 48.3 g·100 g-1 mixed substrate, respectively. Their structure was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR and proven to be safe when subjected to an acute toxicity test. A biological experiment was done on 42 male albino rats classified into six groups for 4 weeks following an induction period for hypercholesterolemia of 8 weeks. The two extracts and their mixture were examined for their hypocholesterolemic effect compared to rosuvastatin. The results revealed a reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, liver transaminases’ activity and malondialdehyde. They also revealed an elevation in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and antioxidant enzymes which was more efficient than rosuvastatin. Histopathological examination confirmed these results. In conclusion, the newly isolated sophorolipids are powerful hypocholesterolemic compounds which are even more efficient and safer than rosuvastatin.

scholarly journals Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Hao-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Yi-Chan Lan ◽  
Shiu-Dong Chung ◽  
Chiang-Ting Chien
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Potato Leaf

Nutritional strategies to reduce hyperlipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease are gaining more public favor and medical professionals’ attention. The authors of this study explored the effect of sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP) feeding on the parameters of plasma lipids, reactive oxygen species, and time to thrombosis formation in Syrian hamsters fed with high-cholesterol diets. The animals were separated into six groups: a feeding control diet, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol, a control diet containing 0.2% cholesterol, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol plus 2.5% SPLP, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol plus 5% SPLP, and a control diet containing 0.2% cholesterol plus 5% SPLP for six weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (51% increase), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.6% increase), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (51.3% increase), and the triglyceride and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) significantly increased in the high-cholesterol diet groups. Concomitant 5% sweet potato leaf powder ingestion significantly decreased the lipid profiles, with a 20.6% total cholesterol reduction in the 0.1% cholesterol diet groups, a 17.2% reduction in the 0.2% group, a 48.7% LDL reduction in the 0.1% cholesterol group, and a 30.3% reduction in the 0.2% group, with a consequent decrease in the atherogenic index. SPLP feeding was found to be associated with increased fecal sterol contents, with a 188.6% increase in the 0.1% cholesterol-fed group and a 177.3% increase in the 0.2% group. The SPLP-fed groups had depressed ROS levels, elongated FeCl3-induced times to thrombosis formation, and increased liver superoxide dismutase contents and SREBP-1 protein expression. Sweet potato leaf intake could reduce plasma total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidative stress. We suggest sweet potato leaf intake as a choice of nutritional strategy for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease prevention.

Risk predictors of arterial hypertension development in population of Mountain Shoriya of various ethnical origins

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
T. A. Mulerova ◽  
M. Yu. Ogarkov ◽  
O. L. Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type Settlement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
Hypertension Development ◽  
Risk Predictors

1409 people (901 Shors, 508 non-indigenous people) from remote villages of Mountain Shoriya (Orton and Ust-Kabyrsa) and urban-type settlement Sheregesh took part in the survey. In Shors, the risk of developing hypertension was determined by elevated levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, violation of carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, including its abdominal type, the family anamnesis of early cardiovascular diseases, and a carriage of prognostically unfavorable genotypes D/D and C/C of the corresponding genes ACE and AGTR 1 candidates; in the cohort of non-indigenous ethnos-elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, obesity, abdominal obesity, the family anamnesis of early cardiovascular diseases, a carrier of the minor genotype C/C of the AGTR 1 gene

scholarly journals Observational Study of Lipid Profile and C-Reactive Protein after a Seven-Day Fast

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Valeria Galetti ◽  
Marica Brnic ◽  
Benjamin Lotin ◽  
Mauro Frigeri
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Fasting is becoming an increasingly popular practice. Nevertheless, its clinical benefits and possible inconveniences remain limitedly evaluated. We observed the effects of a seven-day fast conducted in a non-medical center located in the Swiss Alps. Clinical parameters were measured on the first and last day of fasting (D1 and D7), and two months later (D60). Among the 40 participants, blood analyses were done on 25 persons with an increased metabolic risk, with the primary goal of assessing the lasting effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. By comparing D60 with D1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (+0.15 mmol/L) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (+2.05 mmol/L) increased (both p < 0.009), all other blood parameters (LDL, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP)) did not change; weight (−0.97 kg) and hearth rate (−7.31 min−1) decreased (both p < 0.006). By comparing D7 with D1, total cholesterol (+0.44 mmol/L), triglycerides (+0.37 mmol/L) and CRP (+3.37 mg/L) increased (all p < 0.02). The lack of LDL variation at D60 may be due to the low metabolic risk level of the participants. The increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP at D7 warrants studies to understand whether such fluctuations represent a stress reaction to the fasting state, which may vary in different fasting types.

scholarly journals High serum cholesterol levels in persons with 'high-normal' TSH levels: should one extend the definition of subclinical hypothyroidism?

1998 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Michalopoulou ◽  
M Alevizaki ◽  
G Piperingos ◽  
D Mitsibounas ◽  
E Mantzos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Serum ◽  
High Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group D ◽  
Tsh Levels

OBJECTIVE: The association between established hypothyroidism and high cholesterol levels is well known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of thyroxine (T4) administration on cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects with TSH levels within the normal range ('high-normal' TSH compared with 'low-normal' TSH). DESIGN AND METHODS: We determined TSH levels in 110 consecutive patients referred for hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol >7.5 mmol/l). Those with 'high-normal' TSH (2.0-4.0 microU/ml) as well as those with 'low-normal' TSH (0.40-1.99 microU/ml) were randomly assigned to receive either 25 or 50 microg T4 daily for two months. Thus, groups A and B (low-normal TSH) received 25 and 50 microg T4 respectively and groups C and D (high-normal TSH) received 25 and 50 microg T4 respectively. Serum T4, tri-iodothyronine (T3), TSH, free thyroxine index, resin T3 uptake and thyroid autoantibodies (ThAab) as well as total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, LDL), and triglycerides were determined before and at the end of the two-month treatment period. RESULTS: TSH levels were reduced in all groups. The most striking effect was observed in group D (TSH levels before: 2.77+/-0.55, after: 1.41+/-0.85 microU/ml, P < 0.01). Subjects in groups C and D had a higher probability of having positive ThAabs. A significant reduction in total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and LDL (P < 0.01) was observed after treatment only in group D. In those subjects in group D who were ThAab negative, there was no significant effect of thyroxine on cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with high-normal TSH levels combined with ThAabs may, in fact, have subclinical hypothyroidism presenting with elevated cholesterol levels. It is possible that these patients might benefit from thyroxine administration.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the cholesteryl ester cycle in cultured mouse macrophage foam cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McGookey ◽  
R G Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters

Mouse peritoneal macrophages can be induced to accumulate cholesteryl esters by incubating them in the presence of acetylated low density lipoprotein. The cholesteryl esters are sequestered in neutral lipid droplets that remain in the cell even when the acetylated low density lipoprotein is removed from the culture media. Previous biochemical studies have determined that the cholesterol component of cholesteryl ester droplets constantly turns over with a half time of 24 h by a cyclic process of de-esterification and re-esterification. We have used morphologic techniques to determine the spatial relationship of cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and lipase activity during normal turnover and when turnover is disrupted. Lipid droplets were surrounded by numerous 7.5-10.0-nm filaments; moreover, at focal sites on the margin of each droplet there were whorles of concentrically arranged membrane that penetrated the matrix. Histochemically detectable lipase activity was associated with these stacks of membrane. Using filipin as a light and electron microscopic probe for free cholesterol, we determined that a pool of free cholesterol was associated with each lipid droplet. Following incubation in the presence of the exogenous cholesterol acceptor, high density lipoprotein, the cholesteryl ester droplets disappeared and were replaced with lipid droplets of a different lipid composition. Inhibition of cholesterol esterification caused cholesteryl ester droplets to disappear and free cholesterol to accumulate in numerous myelin-like structures in the body of the cell.

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